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Biological products, including entomopathogenic fungi, are widely applied in agriculture to control pests and enhance crop productivity and quality. While their biological effects are well-documented, few studies focus specifically on their influence on soil physical quality indicators. This study addresses that gap by evaluating the effects of selected biological products, applied to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), exclusively on the physical properties of soil. The field trials were conducted over two years on two soil types: Fluvisol (Negovan, Sofia Region) and Luvic Chernozem (Ruse Region). Seven treatment variants were tested, including a control, individual and combined applications of the bioproducts Naturalis (N) and SoftGuard (SG), and three active strains (B339, B538, B730) of Beauveria bassiana. Results showed that different treatments had varying effects depending on soil type. On Fluvisol, B338 had the most beneficial effect, while B730 and B339 were most effective on Luvic Chernozem. Bioproducts reduced soil compaction but had no significant effect on plant-available water capacity (PAWC). This study contributes important insights into how biopreparations influence only the physical condition of soils, with implications for sustainable soil management in legume cultivation.

In the mountain steppes of Altai, Sayan, Tuva, and the Baikal region, large-bush wormwoods with a powerfully developed lignified caudex, a bunch of branched shoots from the base, are of the utmost importance. These are subshrub wormwoods: Artemisia obtusiloba, Artemisia altaica, Artemisia martjanovii, and Artemisia subviscosa. In the Altai Mountains and southwestern Tuva, Artemisia obtusiloba and Artemisia altaica are typical. Artemisia martjanovii is known from the foothills of the Sayan Mountains: in the steppes of the Minusinsk Basin and the Abakan forest–steppe. A. subviscosa is found in the northeastern part of the Baikal region: its largest massif is located in the central and upper sections of the Barguzin valley. The ecological and cenotic features of these related wormwoods, belonging to the Absinthium section of the subgenus of true wormwoods, in the contrasting conditions of the mountains of Southern Siberia have noticeable differences in morphology and ecology from the cryoxerophytic Altai–West Tuvan A. obtusiloba and A. altaica, the mesoxerophytic A. martjanovii in Khakassia, and the xerophytic A. subviscosa in the Baikal region. In addition to the classical morphological diagnostic features in the structure of leaves and inflorescences, which are variable and complicate the diagnosis of taxa, the phytochemical criterion was taken into account with the identification of the component composition of essential oil using modern methods of spectral analysis. As a result, the greatest degree of similarity of the composition of compounds in the metabolites of Artemisia obtusa and Artemisia altaisis was established, thereby confirming the subspecies status of Artemisia altaisis from A. obtusiloba, which was first substantiated by I.M. Krasnoborov (1997). At the level of independent species, taking into account both morphological characteristics, especially in the structure of the inflorescence (involucres and receptacle), and phytochemical indicators, Artemisia martjanovii and Artemisia subviscosa are substantiated. Wormwoods have important resource value as medicinal plants. A wide variety of components has been found in the essential oil of the studied wormwoods, many of which are pharmacologically very valuable. For example, detailed analysis and pharmacognostic studies of A. subviscosa yielded positive results on the richness and diversity of biologically active substances; in addition to turpentines, the content of flavonoids, coumarins, and tannins was found.

The purpose of this work is to study the structure of microbial communities, the physicochemical characteristics of the burozems’ profiles, and the soil material infilling the humus pockets. Burozems (Cambisols) in the south of the Vitim Plateau are characterized by specific morphological features: presence of frost cracks, which form wedge-shaped humus pockets, sharply narrowing down the profile. Humus pockets are filled with dark brown humus-enriched material with black stripes that are sharply contrasting in color and properties with the enclosing soil. Compared to the profile of burozems at corresponding depths, the soil mass from humus pockets is less compacted. An increase in total porosity results in greater water permeability of the soil material in the frost cracks. Specific features of the microbial cenosis structure and of the microbial biomass carbon in the soil profile and in the soil material of pockets were revealed. The organic carbon and the absorbed bases are rather evenly distributed in the soil material of the pockets and their contents sharply decrease down the soil profile. The experimental data obtained during the study will replenish the database of the properties and status of microbial cenosis in burozems and in the soil material of their humus pockets in the south of the Vitim Plateau.

This article examines the territorial production and resource structures in the territory of Asian Russia, which include natural, economic, and social elements. The objective of this study is to assess, typologize, and zone the territorial production–resource structures. The methodological framework of this study is based on calculating an integral development indicator for the regions of Asian Russia, represented by an Adjusted Net Savings index. This index reflects regional wealth according to the World Bank’s expanded concept of national wealth, which includes three types of capital: “reproducible”, “natural”, and “human”. The study also involves a larger typology of the regions, classifying them based on the predominance of these capital forms through the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the triangular illustration method. Regional clustering within the study area was also conducted through the k-means method using Statistica 12 software. Accordingly, adjusted net savings and sectoral contributions to gross regional product were calculated for the regions in this area. A relationship between regional specialization and the level of genuine savings was identified, forming the basis for the grouping of regions. A total of three groups were distinguished: regions with negative, moderate, and the highest levels of genuine savings within the macroregion. A larger typology using dominant, predominant, and complex functions was also developed. Using data on natural, physical, and human capital in Asian Russia, its regions were clustered, resulting in the identification of five clusters. The territory was then zoned based on the clustering results. A total of eight zones were identified, reflecting the size and balance of the three types of capital (human, physical capital, and productive natural), with regions grouped according to their cluster membership and territorial proximity. The findings can help identify pathways for more sustainable development of this territory amidst evolving natural, economic, social, and geopolitical conditions.

An important tool for solving currently relevant problems of the socioeconomic development of a country and its regions is thematic maps, published both independently and as parts of atlases. Studying the features of transport development, as one of the key sectors of the economy, is intended to help in researching the problems of optimal, economically balanced development of the country. In this regard, the comprehensive transport mapping of Asian Russia is a relevant task. This article provides an overview of key semantic parameters used in the transport mapping of large regions and entire countries. Currently, efforts to create and update a database, as well as creating some layers of transport maps, are underway for Asian Russia. The developed mapping of Asian Russia relies on the previously created transportation database from the atlas information system of the Baikal region. The article describes the completed transport maps for the Baikal region, to be used as the basis for creating a database of an information system for Asian Russia. The major semantic layers that were used in transport mapping are considered in detail. The types of maps planned to be created for the territory of Asian Russia, as well as the semantic characteristics to be used in their creation, are described.

This article discusses the efficiency of transport infrastructure and cooperation of neighboring regions located in Asian Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan in the context of creating new international economic corridors from the Silk Road and trans-Eurasian transport corridors. This study aims to highlight the possible ways of strengthening cross-border cooperation in the field of transport infrastructure. We evaluated the current state of the transport infrastructure, the dynamics of its development, and its influence on the territorial–production complex. Using quantitative data and the unified indicator for the efficiency of transport infrastructure, we also characterized the territorial differentiation, its causes, and prerequisites for further economic and trade cooperation between these countries. The main results are as follows: (1) The lowest levels of the efficiency of transport infrastructure are typical for the northeast of Asian Russia, as well as for the border regions of China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. (2) For Asian Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia, the highest levels of the unified indicator are typical for regions located along the main transport routes and for regions with a developed mining industry. This is due to the strong unevenness of the socio-economic development of the territories. (3) The largest industrial and economic centers have been developing along the main transport corridors primarily due to the accumulated potential of equivalent freight turnover and export potential. This study can be useful for authorities and business, as well as for other users of transport infrastructure to improve its regulation and efficiency.

We prove that each element of a complete atomic -semiring has a canonical decomposition. We also find some sufficient conditions for the decomposition to be unique that are expressed by first-order sentences. As a corollary, we obtain a theorem of Avgustinovich–Frid which claims that each factorial language has the unique canonical decomposition.

Semaphorins, initially identified as phylogenetically conserved axon guidance molecules, comprise an extracellular signaling protein family involved in various biological events that regulate the development, tissue homeostasis and cancer progression of many organ systems. In recent years, the focus of research has expanded to investigate the roles of semaphorins in cancer. Semaphorins have emerged as crucial regulators in the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BCa). This review article aims to provide an overview of the contemporary knowledge regarding semaphorins, their diverse tumor-modulating properties, and their clinical application in BCa. Specifically, six semaphorins (SEMA3C, SEMA3E, SEMA4A, SEMA4C, SEMA4D, and SEMA7A) have been demonstrated to promote tumor progression in terms of BCa. Six additional members (SEMA3A, SEMA3B, SEMA3F, SEMA4B, SEMA6B, and SEMA6D) have been associated with tumor suppression. Several semaphorins (SEMA4C and SEMA7A) are considered putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in BCa. Exploring and elucidating the intricate functions of semaphorins and their viability as therapeutic targets is an intriguing avenue of research that can improve BCa outcomes.

The research in seismic ambient noise as a tool for geophysical studies must primarily rely on the space-time characteristics of the noise itself. What is important in this research is to characterize the distribution of noise sources both over frequency and in energy content. The present review considers the main mechanisms for the generation of microseisms, including primary and secondary microseisms (0.05–0.3 Hz), low frequency oscillations (0.2–50 mHz), high frequency oscillations (2–60 Hz), and lake-generated microseisms (0.5–2 Hz). We also describe the most popular procedures in use for the processing and analysis of continuous seismic ambient noise arrivals; we demonstrate a wide range of geophysical problems based on recordings of microseismic ground motion.

Intravenous fluids are recommended for the treatment of patients who are in septic shock, but higher fluid volumes have been associated with harm in patients who are in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this international, randomized trial, we assigned patients with septic shock in the ICU who had received at least 1 liter of intravenous fluid to receive restricted intravenous fluid or standard intravenous fluid therapy; patients were included if the onset of shock had been within 12 hours before screening. The primary outcome was death from any cause within 90 days after randomization. We enrolled 1554 patients; 770 were assigned to the restrictive-fluid group and 784 to the standard-fluid group. Primary outcome data were available for 1545 patients (99.4%). In the ICU, the restrictive-fluid group received a median of 1798 ml of intravenous fluid (interquartile range, 500 to 4366); the standard-fluid group received a median of 3811 ml (interquartile range, 1861 to 6762). At 90 days, death had occurred in 323 of 764 patients (42.3%) in the restrictive-fluid group, as compared with 329 of 781 patients (42.1%) in the standard-fluid group (adjusted absolute difference, 0.1 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.7 to 4.9; P = 0.96). In the ICU, serious adverse events occurred at least once in 221 of 751 patients (29.4%) in the restrictive-fluid group and in 238 of 772 patients (30.8%) in the standard-fluid group (adjusted absolute difference, -1.7 percentage points; 99% CI, -7.7 to 4.3). At 90 days after randomization, the numbers of days alive without life support and days alive and out of the hospital were similar in the two groups. Among adult patients with septic shock in the ICU, intravenous fluid restriction did not result in fewer deaths at 90 days than standard intravenous fluid therapy. (Funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation and others; CLASSIC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03668236.).