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Accurate and efficient determination of neutralizing antibody (nAb) is critical for assessing individual immune status of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and identifying key ecological reservoirs of the SFTS virus (SFTSV). However, conventional virus neutralization tests (cVNT) require live virus and are limited by their inability to support rapid, high-throughput screening. Here, we report a novel SFTSV virus neutralization test targeting the interaction between the SFTSV Gn protein and its receptor (LRP1). The test, which has been validated with SFTS patient plasma, achieves a sensitivity of 96.79% and a specificity of 100%. It also shows good correlation with cVNT, with an value of 0.8902 in head-to-head comparison. This platform offers a safe, rapid, and high-throughput alternative for large-scale population screening and the real-time monitoring of immune responses in SFTS patients.

Thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) was used to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films under different quenching conditions. Temperature gradient fields were in-situ formed inside the films through varying the TIPS quenching temperature, and an enthalpy transformation method (ETM) was adopted to simulate the temperature gradient fields during the TIPS process. Our findings showed that there existed liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) even at higher PVDF concentration (e.g., above the monotectic point). The coexistence and competition between liquid–liquid and solid–liquid phase separations were significantly determined by the cooling rate, which helped to explain the formation mechanisms of hierarchical morphologies observed in the final TIPS films. The present work will be of substantial importance to further studies on an industrial tuning of the microstructure and performance of TIPS films through the operational parameter control.

研究目的：通过研究水稻泛素缀合酶基因OsUbc13的序列特征、表达模式、亚细胞定位模式及其互作分子，为深入研究该基因的生物学功能和分子作用机理奠定基础。创新要点：首次对植物Ubc13进行了亚细胞定位研究及蛋白互作研究。研究方法：通过序列比对及聚类分析进行OsUbc13的序列特征研究；通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（PCR）进行OsUbc13的表达模式分析；通过聚乙二醇（PEG）介导转化烟草BY-2原生质体进行OsUbc13亚细胞定位研究（见图4）；通过酵母双杂交进行OsUbc13的蛋白质互作分析（见图5和表1）。重要结论：OsUbc13编码具有153个氨基酸的蛋白质，其推断的氨基酸序列与其它同源序列具有很高的相似性；该基因在水稻各组织中均有表达，其中内稃、雌蕊、雄蕊和叶片中的表达量较高，而根、茎和外稃中的表达量较低；低温、甲基磺酸甲酯（MMS）和过氧化氢（H2O2）胁迫处理使胚性愈伤中OsUbc13的表达量显著上调，甘露醇、脱落酸（ABA）和氯化钠（NaCl）胁迫则使愈伤组织中该基因的表达量降低；OsUbc13与绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的融合蛋白表达于质膜和核膜处；酵母双杂交结果表明约有20个蛋白可能与OsUbc13存在相互作用，其中OsVDAC（与细胞凋亡有关）、OsMADS1（与花器官发育有关）、OsB22EL8（与活性氧清除及DNA 保护有关）和OsCROC-1（为Lys63聚合泛素链形成及运行无误性DNA 损伤耐受机制所必需）四个蛋白经验证确与OsUbc13互作。