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"Tulleken, Chris van"
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Ultra-processed people
« An eye-opening investigation into the science, economics, history and production of ultra-processed food. It's not you, it's the food. We have entered a new 'age of eating' where most of our calories come from an entirely novel set of substances called Ultra-Processed Food, food which is industrially processed and designed and marketed to be addictive. But do we really know what it's doing to our bodies? Join Chris in his travels through the world of food science and a UPF diet to discover what's really going on. Find out why exercise and willpower can't save us, and what UPF is really doing to our bodies, our health, our weight, and the planet (hint: nothing good). For too long we've been told we just need to make different choices, when really we're living in a food environment that makes it nigh-on impossible. So this is a book about our rights. The right to know what we eat and what it does to our bodies and the right to good, affordable food. »-- Résumé de l'éditeur
Book
Overdiagnosis and industry influence: how cow’s milk protein allergy is extending the reach of infant formula manufacturers
The condition may be helping the baby milk industry to form relationships with the paediatric profession, finds Chris van Tulleken— with potential for harm to mothers and children
Journal Article
Secrets of the human body
\"206 bones. One heart. Two eyes. Ten fingers. What makes tears of joy different from tears of sadness? Why is a gut feeling so much smarter than you think? And why is 90% of you not even human? You may think you know the human body--heart, lungs, brain and bones--but our bodies are full of extraordinary mysteries that science is only just beginning to understand. This book will change forever how we think about our bodies. Thanks to cutting-edge science and cutting-edge technology we get a tantalizing glimpse beneath our skin, and there we see the secrets that make every ordinary human body ... extraordinary.\"--Page 4 of cover.
BOOK
Conflicts of interest: moving towards zero tolerance
Harmful industries still exert their influence over health professionals, academia, and health systems; robust change is required, write Chris van Tulleken, Nigel Rollins, and Rebecca Coombes
Journal Article
Development, content and planned evaluation of a behavioural support intervention to reduce ultraprocessed food intake and increase physical activity in UK healthcare workers: UPDATE trial stage 2 study protocol
IntroductionDiets high in ultraprocessed food (UPF) are associated with poor health outcomes and weight gain. Healthcare workers are particularly at risk of consuming diets high in UPF due to erratic work patterns, high stress and limited access to fresh food at work. Despite this, no interventions to date have specifically targeted a reduction in UPF intake in healthcare workers.Methods and analysisThis article describes the development and content of a 6-month behavioural support intervention targeting a reduction in UPF intake in UK healthcare workers. The intervention was offered to all participants who took part in the UltraProcessed versus minimally processed Diets following UK dietAry guidance on healTh outcomEs trial—a two-stage study in which Stage 1 was a controlled-feeding crossover randomised controlled trial of provided UPF versus minimally processed food (MPF) diets (published previously) and was completed before the start of Stage 2. Stage 2, reported here, aimed to support participants to reduce their UPF consumption, increase MPF and increase physical activity in real-world settings. The intervention was developed using the behaviour change wheel framework, which systematically links behavioural diagnoses to intervention functions, incorporating the capability, opportunity and motivation model for behaviour change. It included tailored one-to-one and group support sessions, bespoke digital and print resources and a mobile-optimised website. The detailed description is intended to support future replication and adaptation. The acceptability and feasibility of the intervention will be assessed using quantitative and qualitative data in a future paper.Ethics and disseminationSheffield Research Ethics Committee approved the trial (22/YH/0281). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and summaries shared with participants and stakeholders.Trial registration number NCT05627570.
Journal Article
Football can’t ignore its sugar problem
Soda giants have exploited the world’s most popular sport for commercial gain, and FIFA has an opportunity to lead by example by dropping them as sponsors of the 2025 Club World Cup, write Chris van Tulleken and Carlos A Monteiro
Journal Article
Why asylum seekers deserve better healthcare, and how we can give it to them
Many asylum seekers in the UK find themselves in a purgatory of paperwork that leaves a total absence of healthcare. Olivia Farrant and colleagues explain how, in the depths of the pandemic, a model response was born
Journal Article
Politicians, experts, and patient representatives call for the UK government to reverse the rate of antidepressant prescribing
Withdrawal effects are experienced by around half of patients, with up to half of those describing their symptoms as severe, and a substantial proportion experiencing withdrawal for many weeks, months, or longer.3 Rising antidepressant prescribing is not associated with an improvement in mental health outcomes at the population level, which, according to some measures, have worsened as antidepressant prescribing has risen.4 Questions remain about the extent to which poor outcomes are fuelled by such adverse effects and the poor efficacy of antidepressants for many groups. NL is chair of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and chair of the National Oversight Group HOPE(S) Programme Board, a clinical model developed by Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust to reduce the use of long term segregation sometimes experienced by autistic adults, adults with a learning disability, and children and young people; paid adviser for Kooth, the UK’s largest provider of NHS commissioned digital mental health services, and Alertacall, a housing management and digital telecare company that works to improve health and safety, with repairs reporting and to detect changing needs. National Institute of Health Research programme development grant, Radar follow-up study, chief investigator, 2022-24; National Institute of Health Research programme grant REDUCE study of antidepressant discontinuation co-investigator, 2017-23; co-applicant on the RELEASE trial funded by the Medical Research Future Fund in Australia; royalties on authored and edited books; lecture fees received from Alberta Psychiatric Association, British Psychological Association, Université de Sherbrooke, Case Western Reserve University, University of Basel; co-chair person, Critical Psychiatry Network; unpaid board member of non-profit Council for Evidence Based Psychiatry. PK is a member of the NICE Clinical Guidelines Panel; is director of Kinderman Consulting; has received royalties on published work in the field of mental health; is a clinical adviser to Public Health England; has received research grants from the National Institute of Health Research, the Medical Research Council, the Economic and Social Research Council, the Wellcome Trust, the Youth Justice Board for England, various NHS trusts, the Department of Health and Social Care, the European Commission, the British Psychological Society, and the Reader Organisation; has received personal fees from the Department for Constitutional Affairs, legal counsel, BBC, Al Jazeera, Smoking Gun Media, GLG Group, True North Productions, Warrington Borough Council, and Compass Pathways.
Journal Article
HIV-1 Vpr antagonizes innate immune activation by targeting karyopherin-mediated NF-κB/IRF3 nuclear transport
HIV-1 must replicate in cells that are equipped to defend themselves from infection through intracellular innate immune systems. HIV-1 evades innate immune sensing through encapsidated DNA synthesis and encodes accessory genes that antagonize specific antiviral effectors. Here, we show that both particle associated, and expressed HIV-1 Vpr, antagonize the stimulatory effect of a variety of pathogen associated molecular patterns by inhibiting IRF3 and NF-κB nuclear transport. Phosphorylation of IRF3 at S396, but not S386, was also inhibited. We propose that, rather than promoting HIV-1 nuclear import, Vpr interacts with karyopherins to disturb their import of IRF3 and NF-κB to promote replication in macrophages. Concordantly, we demonstrate Vpr-dependent rescue of HIV-1 replication in human macrophages from inhibition by cGAMP, the product of activated cGAS. We propose a model that unifies Vpr manipulation of nuclear import and inhibition of innate immune activation to promote HIV-1 replication and transmission.
Journal Article
UPDATE trial: investigating the effects of ultra-processed versus minimally processed diets following UK dietary guidance on health outcomes: a protocol for an 8-week community-based cross-over randomised controlled trial in people with overweight or obesity, followed by a 6-month behavioural intervention
IntroductionObesity increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. A major driver has been the increased availability of ultra-processed food (UPF), now the main UK dietary energy source. The UK Eatwell Guide (EWG) provides public guidance for a healthy balanced diet but offers no UPF guidance. Whether a healthy diet can largely consist of UPFs is unclear. No study has assessed whether the health impact of adhering to dietary guidelines depends on food processing. Furthermore, our study will assess the impact of a 6-month behavioural support programme aimed at reducing UPF intake in people with overweight/obesity and high UPF intakes.Methods and analysisUPDATE is a 2×2 cross-over randomised controlled trial with a 6-month behavioural intervention. Fifty-five adults aged ≥18, with overweight/obesity (≥25 to <40 kg/m2), and ≥50% of habitual energy intake from UPFs will receive an 8-week UPF diet and an 8-week minimally processed food (MPF) diet delivered to their home, both following EWG recommendations, in a random order, with a 4-week washout period. All food/drink will be provided. Participants will then receive 6 months of behavioural support to reduce UPF intake. The primary outcome is the difference in weight change between UPF and MPF diets from baseline to week 8. Secondary outcomes include changes in diet, waist circumference, body composition, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiometabolic risk factors, appetite regulation, sleep quality, physical activity levels, physical function/strength, well-being and aspects of behaviour change/eating behaviour at 8 weeks between UPF/MPF diets, and at 6-month follow-up. Quantitative assessment of changes in brain MRI functional resting-state connectivity between UPF/MPF diets, and qualitative analysis of the behavioural intervention for feasibility and acceptability will be undertaken.Ethics and disseminationSheffield Research Ethics Committee approved the trial (22/YH/0281). Peer-reviewed journals, conferences, PhD thesis and lay media will report results.Trial registration numberNCT05627570
Journal Article