Explore the vast range of titles available.

This paper uses insights from a basic but formal model of tourism dynamics to frame a discussion of sustainability in tourism planning, with a particular focus on the role of dynamic resilience — or the ability of social, economic or ecological systems to recover from tourism-induced stress. The paper presents a theoretical approach to model resiliency in the ecological-environmental quality, economic-fiscal quality and social-cultural quality of tourist destinations. The model also formalises the difference between actual and perceived changes in these vectors. The specific goals of the paper are to characterise a more quantitative approach towards tourism sustainability and resilience, to summarise results in the tourism literature that might contribute to initial empirical implementation of such quantitative models, and to stimulate debate regarding the potential role of such approaches in guiding tourism policy.

Land value taxation has numerous potential advantages compared to conventional property taxes on capital and land. The models that establish these advantages, however, are grounded in the unlikely assumption that land values are assessed without error. This paper demonstrates that levying taxes based on land values assessed with error is equivalent to the application of one tax rate to the true value of land and a different effective tax rate to capital. The model demonstrates that a land value tax will have at most the distortion effects of a property tax, even with the worst possible land value assessment errors. (JEL H21, H23)

This article outlines a methodology for estimating the number of individual visitors to a set of recreational sites, as well as counts of specific visitor groups. The model is designed for sets of sites characterized by: (a) unrestricted recreation from a wide and partially unknown geographic market; (b) individuals who may visit more than one site; (c) accurate visitation (gate) counts from each site. The model provides consistent estimates of the total number of individual visitors, based on information embedded in site-level count and survey data. Monte Carlo analysis and an empirical application illustrate the properties of visitor count estimates.

The science of sustainable tourism is not \"rocket Science\" but they have much in common: The mission is daunting, the target is moving, the target is a considerable distance away, and the efficient operation of the main engine is critical. The differences are equally apparent: rocket scientists know how to best operate their engine, have agreed on their target, and have a good understanding of the risks of the mission. Tourism scientists claim none of these. Overall, sustainable tourism scientists are attempting to solve a much more difficult problem-one that must deal with humans.

New residents of rural communities are often assumed to have preferences for development and conservation that differ from those of longer-term residents. However, the literature offers little to quantify presumed preference heterogeneity. This article assesses whether stated preferences differ according to length of residency. Results are based on a conjoint (choice experiment) survey of Rhode Island rural residents. Heterogeneity—according to length of town residency—is modeled using dummy variables, multiplicative interactions, and Lagrangian interpolation polynomials. Results are compared across the three models, and identify a range of attributes for which willingness to pay depends on length of residency.

The article \"Estimating Recreation User Counts,\" by R. J. Johnston and T. J. Tyrrell, outlined a methodology for estimating the number of visits to a set of recreational sites, as well as counts of specific visitor groups. A previously unknown inaccuracy in the original derivation that affects the properties of the estimator(s) was discovered. Specifically, the model suffers from stochastic regressors, which render the original estimators statistically inconsistent. This brief corrigendum clarifies the original error, discusses implications for the properties of the visitor count estimator, and suggests an alternative estimator that maintains desirable large-sample properties.

This paper analyzes the spatial patterns of households' distribution in clusters of cities and the effects on regional growth using spatial exploratory techniques and a model of growth that incorporates spatial location. Our empirical analysis shows that, over the 1980-1990 period, in Southern New England, patterns of spatial clustering of households did create heterogeneous growth rates in the region. Also, there is evidence that clusters of cities and isolated cities created spillover growth effects in bordering towns.

Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is a popular, low-cost, easily understood way to organize information about the attributes of a product or service and provide intuitively appealing strategies for a business to set priorities for potential change. A variety of criticisms have been aimed at IPA and a number of extensions and modifications have been suggested to deal with these; but, to our knowledge, there has been no attempt to evaluate its overall usefulness as an economic planning tool. This article investigates linkages between IPA and the economic principles underlying several stages in the strategic planning process in an effort to determine the appropriate role for IPA and to provide recommendations for its use.

To provide training exercises that will help tourism planners and analysts better understand the fundamentals of tourism sustainability and dynamics. The paper is organized as a presentation of tools and conceptual models, followed by associated training exercises and answers. The first exercise addresses basic concepts of sustainability as applied to tourism development. The second addresses the use of phase diagrams to illustrate the dynamic behavior and change of tourism-related economic and environmental conditions over time. Operational definitions of sustainable tourism generally are consistent with a wide variety of outcomes for a tourist destination. Exercises demonstrate that operational definitions of tourism sustainability require numerous choices and tradeoffs, and are more complex than is suggested by common discourse. Given that the most desirable sustainable outcomes for tourism differ across groups, the search for sustainable tourism outcomes must combine environmentally sustainable outcomes (which are often many) with socially acceptable compromise solutions that lie somewhere between the optima for each distinct group. No amount of searching, bargaining, or stakeholder education will reveal a universal sustainable solution that maximizes benefits to all affected groups. In the vast majority of cases no optimal solution exists. The paper provides tools and conceptual frameworks that characterize potential conflicts, hazards, and tradeoffs implicit in the choice among different sustainable or non-sustainable outcomes for tourism.

This article outlines a methodology for estimating visitor counts in regions characterized by: (1) multiple gateways into the region (e.g., roads, airports) from which accurate regional visitor counts cannot be obtained, and (2) multiple attractions (e.g., museums, hotels) at which site visitor counts can be obtained. As visitors may be observed at more than one attraction, and attendees at an attraction may include residents and tourists, one cannot simply add attendance numbers from the various sites to generate a total visitor count. Moreover, one cannot use visitor counts at any single site as an accurate proxy for regional tourism. Where such conditions hold, the presented methodology provides statistically consistent estimates of total regional visitor counts, based on efficient use of the information embedded in attraction-level count and survey data. The methodology also provides consistent count estimates for visitor subgroups.