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"Ugazio, Valeria"
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Semantic polarities and psychopathologies in the family : permitted and forbidden stories
\"Valeria Ugazio presents a new model of personality and psychopathology by examining four common psychological approaches (phobic, obsessive-compulsive, eating disorders, and depression) in the context of the family. She offers an intersubjective approach to personality, based on a constructionist conception of meanings that focus on the concept of \"semantic polarities\" (fear/courage, good/evil, etc). Each client who presents with one of the disorders discussed, the author argues, has grown up in contexts, in most cases families, where certain specific values and meanings predominate. In each family where a member has a different kind of disorder, conversation will revolve around a different set of values. A central tenant of the model is that meaning and its organizations are open systems, and thus susceptible to modification. Based on this theory, the author shows therapists how use semantics with their clients to help overcome symptoms\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Primitive Agony and Symbolization
The fundamental outlook of this book is clinical. It attempts to establish a unitary model of the processes at work in different forms of narcissistic pathology, and to offer a model that is both an alternative and complementary to Freud's model of what are usually considered to be neurotic problems. The aim is to extract a sequence of mental processes that could be seen as typical of narcissistic disturbances of the sense of identity, with their several forms and clinical variations. It describes how these are structured, together with their intrapsychic and intersubjective functions, based on the hypothesis of a defensive pattern that is set up to counter the effect of a split-off primary trauma and the threat that hangs over the mind and subjectivity.
eBook
Semantic polarities: two interpretations for one concept
This chapter briefly introduces the basic idea of the model of family semantic polarities. Each member of the family constructs conversation within certain specific semantic polarities made prevalent by the discursive practices of that family. Naturally, the relevance that the conversation assigns to each semantic polarity is continually negotiated through processes that are generally implicit. In the same way, the possibility of the conversation developing new meanings is always open. Conversational partners, positioning themselves with the other partners into the plot of semantic polarities relevant to their own intersubjective contexts, anchor their own identity to those of the other members of those groups. David Campbell was interested in the relationships between semantic polarities, positioning, and identity. People in a median position actively participate in the conversation as much as those at the extremes, so that they continue to move towards one or other pole of the salient polarities in their own relational contexts.
Book Chapter
El modelo terapéutico sistémico: una perspectiva constructivista
El artículo se centra en los nuevos desarrollos que se han producido durante estos últimos años en el interior del modelo terapéutico sistémico, gracias a la adopción de una perspectiva de los procesos mentales, calificable como \"constructivismo social\". Tales desarrollos implican un cambio del objeto mismo, es decir de los fenómenos de los que se ocupa el modelo sistémico. La atención se ha desplazado de la familia como totalidad a la articulación entre individuo y familia. El objetivo consiste en estudiar los procesos conversacionales a través de los cuales se construye, de-construye y reconstruye la identidad del individuo. Esto conlleva la elaboración de nuevas categorías explicativas que tomen en cuenta tanto la especifidad del sujeto como su interconexión con los otros miembros del sistema relacional al que pertenece. Un ejemplo de ello serían los \"constructos semánticos familiares\".Un segundo cambio afecta a la metodología. Tiene por objeto el procedimiento cognoscitivo adoptado por el terapeuta para llegar a comprender la autoorganización del sistema (individuo o familia), y, particularmente los aspectos autoorganizativos que se hallan en el origen de la psicopatología y del estado de malestar expresado. Este giro metodológico implica el paso de un modelo cognoscitivo fundado sobre el paradigma de los indicios a otro basado sobre la autorreflexividad.Finalmente, un tercer vuelco se refiere a la manera cómo se concibe el cambio terapéutico. Implica la superación de prácticas prescriptivo-instructivas en favor de técnicas fundadas sobre el concepto de \"perturbación\".
Journal Article
FAMIGLIA, CLASSE SOCIALE E OSPEDALIZZAZIONE INFANTILE: UNO STUDIO PILOTA
The research to which this article refers was carried out at the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Milan and deals with social aspects of children's hospitalization. The hospital records concerning 1974 were analyzed, and clinical interviews with parents of hospitalized children were carried out. According to the hospital records, children were classified as « necessarily necessarily » or « unnecessarily » hospitalized. Children belonging to disadvantaged, immigrant families, or living in crowded environment are unnecessarily hospitalized in a significantly greater number of cases. Furthermore, the families of unnecessarily hospitalized children are characterized by two familiar patterns which, through different and to some extent opposite psychological dynamics, are both very close to the isolated nuclear pattern.
Journal Article
Short high fat diet triggers reversible and region specific effects in DCX+ hippocampal immature neurons of adolescent male mice
Adolescence represents a crucial period for maturation of brain structures involved in cognition. Early in life unhealthy dietary patterns are associated with inferior cognitive outcomes at later ages; conversely, healthy diet is associated with better cognitive results. In this study we analyzed the effects of a short period of hypercaloric diet on newborn hippocampal doublecortin
+
(DCX) immature neurons in adolescent mice. Male mice received high fat diet (HFD) or control low fat diet (LFD) from the 5th week of age for 1 or 2 weeks, or 1 week HFD followed by 1 week LFD. After diet supply, mice were either perfused for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis or their hippocampi were dissected for biochemical assays. Detailed morphometric analysis was performed in DCX
+
cells that displayed features of immature neurons. We report that 1 week-HFD was sufficient to dramatically reduce dendritic tree complexity of DCX
+
cells. This effect occurred specifically in dorsal and not ventral hippocampus and correlated with reduced BDNF expression levels in dorsal hippocampus. Both structural and biochemical changes were reversed by a return to LFD. Altogether these studies increase our current knowledge on potential consequences of hypercaloric diet on brain and in particular on dorsal hippocampal neuroplasticity.
Journal Article