Explore the vast range of titles available.

In this study, the nutritional and phytochemical components of red seaweed, Gracilariopsis longissima, were assessed in relation to the effects of various drying methods (freeze, oven, and sun). Gracilariopsis longissima’s proximate composition differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the three drying techniques, with freeze-dried samples having significantly greater protein (30.63 ± 0.90% dry weight) and lipids (1.49 ± 0.05% dry weight) contents. Except for phosphorus and sulfur, the mineral concentrations were likewise considerably greater in the freeze-dried samples. The total amino acids (30.48 ± 0.06% dry weight) and fatty acids contents were substantially greater (P < 0.05) in the freeze-dried samples. In freeze-dried samples, the levels of essential amino acids (18.92 ± 0.02% dry weight) and unsaturated fatty acids (54.08 ± 0.07%) were substantially greater (P < 0.05). When compared to oven- and sun-dried samples, the total phenolic content (88.70 ± 2.19 mg GAE/g dry weight) and the flavonoid content (71.46 ± 2.17 mg QE/g dry weight) of freeze-dried samples was also substantially higher. Among the three distinct drying techniques used, the freeze-drying technique kept G. longissima’s higher nutritional and phytochemical components.

The results show considerable variability of O. coarctata in shoot density (300 to 830 shoots m ), plant height (5 to 152 cm), leaf length (2.7 to 29 cm), and biomass (48 to 71 g dry weight m ), indicating the species' phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. The morphological characteristics of each sample, including plant height, leaf length, breadth, etc., were measured for at least 150 samples at the laboratory of the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Patuakhali. To check the parameters of water quality, pore water salinity and water salinity measurements were taken on-site with a digital Refractometer (HI96822, HANNA, Romania). According to reports, O. coarctata grows in the intertidal brackish water of river mudflat systems (Latha et al. 2004, Jagtap et al. 2006), much like other species of temperate salt marsh (Imperata cylindrica) and seagrass (Halophila beccarii) that thrive in estuaries and marine waters (Abu Hena 2013).

Seaweed is known to empower a mass embodiment of bioactive compounds with potent health convenience. Current perusals intended to explore the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant dynamism of red seaweed, Gracilariopsis longissima as pervaded by different solvents and solvent fractions (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water). The extracts dynamism to antioxidant were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2, 2 ’ -Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Here, 100% methanolic and acetonic extract asserted maximal extent of total phenolic and flavonoid content (88.70 mg of gallic acid/g and 75.06 mg of quercetin/g respectively) in a sufficiently great way. However, 50% methanolic DPPH and ABTS solution (74.32%, IC 50  = 0.027 mg/ml and 70.51%, IC 50  = 0.033 mg/ml) significantly demonstrated the highest percentage of inhibition and antioxidant activity compared to other solvents. Gracilariopsis longissima also contains a high amount of protein (30.63%) and minerals especially potassium (4.47%) and calcium (2.54%). According to the results of this study, G. longissima extracts prepared using 100% methanol as a solvent showed higher total phenolic and total flavonoid quantity and 50% methanol as a solvent showed higher antioxidant potential. These properties will be valuable for nutritional food and medicinal uses.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the water quality, growth performance, body composition, length–weight relationship, condition factors and benefit–cost analysis of giant freshwater prawn ( Macrobrachium rosenbergii ) cultured with biofloc system in pond conditions. The experiment was conducted in twelve (12) experimental ponds, each measuring 240 m 2 . The control group was cultured without any biofloc (T 1 ), and biofloc‐based three treatments were biofloc with 100% feed (T 2 ), biofloc with 90% feed (T 3 ) and biofloc with 80% feed (T 4 ). The biofloc‐based treatments showed significantly higher floc volume, total suspended solids, total heterotrophic bacteria and plankton density than the control ( p  < 0.05). All the growth parameters were significantly higher in biofloc‐based treatments (T 2 , T 3 and T 4 ) than in the control (T 1 ). The lowest feed conversion ratio was found lowest in T 4 (1.40 ± 0.02) and highest in T 1 (2.13 ± 0.04), which was significantly different among the treatments ( p  < 0.05). The significantly highest production was obtained 939.02 ± 6.61 kg/ha in T 2 , and the lowest was 779.67 ± 7.50 kg/ha in T 1 . The length–weight relationship indicated positive allometric growth in all treatments. The condition factor ranged from 0.95 to 1.07, showing that the prawns were in good health throughout all treatments. The results of the present study indicated that M. rosenbergii can adapt to a biofloc‐based aquaculture system, and the conventional feeding rations can be reduced up to 20% without affecting the growth and production.

In the Sandha river of Bangladesh, we investigated the temporal and geographical fluctuation in species of fish composition and diversity. The extent of our understanding of the fish variety in this river varies greatly on both a temporal and a geographical scale. From July 2021 to June 2022, fish specimens were gathered from five stations using various conventional fishing methods. During the study period, 5118 individuals from 67 species were collected which include 8 orders, 24 families, and 54 genera. Cypriniformes made up the majority of the order (32.84%), whereas Beloniformes and Tetraodontiformes made up the least number of species (1.49% each). Six species were listed as endangered (8.96%), seven as vulnerable (10.45%), nine as near threatened (13.43%), forty-three as least concern (64.18%), one with data deficient (1.49%), and one as not evaluated (1.49%) in Bangladesh. In order to quantify the temporal and geographical changes in community composition, diversity indices were calculated and put to use. Three (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) out of the four environmental factors (temperature, humidity, rainfall, and photoperiod) had a big impact on how species were distributed. At a similarity level of 79% and 75.5% separation, 2 substantial clusters were seen in the case of stations and 2 large clusters were detected in the case of months, respectively. However, at a similarity threshold of 20% separation, three different groups of fish species were found. Our research offers the most recent status data on fish distribution in the Sandha river. The knowledge acquired from this research is crucial for creating protection and management plans that will promote the long-term viability of fishery resources in the Sandha river and its nearby coastal tributaries.

This study investigates the influence of water physicochemical properties on the growth, production, nutritional composition, and antioxidant properties of Gracilaria tenuistipitata , cultivated at two different sites (Gangamati and Hazipur) along the northern Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. The water quality parameters were monitored weekly. Results revealed that the Gangamati site is characterized by significantly higher ( p < 0.05) salinity (14.75 ± 4.89 ppt), transparency (60.50 ± 9.57 cm), and total dissolved solids (6154.90 ± 1492.50 mg/L) compared to the Hazipur site. The Gangamati site significantly ( p < 0.05) outperformed the Hazipur site in terms of daily growth rate and production. Furthermore, proximate composition analysis indicated significantly higher ( p < 0.05) protein (25.06 ± 0.90% DW), lipid (1.22 ± 0.05% DW), fiber (7.03 ± 0.76% DW), and carbohydrate (38.41 ± 0.80% DW) contents in seaweed from the Gangamati site. The mineral content of G. tenuistipitata was also influenced by the culture site significantly ( p < 0.05). Amino acid analysis demonstrated superior protein quality in Gangamati seaweed, with significantly higher levels of essential (77.286 ± 0.06 mg/g) and nonessential (95.243 ± 0.07 mg/g) amino acids than the Hazipur site. The fatty acid profiles varied significantly between the two sites, with seaweed from the Gangamati site exhibiting higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids (41.27 ± 0.05%) compared to Hazipur, indicating superior nutritional lipid quality indices. Bioactive compounds were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in Gangamati seaweed, along with higher antioxidant activity. Overall, these results indicate that the Gangamati estuary provides a better environment for the cultivation of G. tenuistipitata , resulting in seaweed with superior nutritional and bioactive properties.

The current study was conducted to comprehend the variation of the growth pattern and the physiological status of Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822) reared in the pond from July 2021 to September 2021. A total of 90 brood individuals were collected from the Meghna River and studied for the present experiment. The overall growth pattern for P. pangasius was isometric ( b  = 3.00) in the Meghna River, while the male fish showed positive ( b > 3.00) and the female showed a negative allometric growth pattern ( b  < 3.00). The Fulton’s condition factor ( K F ) value was greater than 1, indicating a healthy population and a habitat with abundant food sources. Moreover, the K F value was found to be substantially related to total body mass. On the other hand, both sexes of P. pangasius had relative weight average values of more than 100, simply indicates the fish is naturally obese and has enough stored energy to maintain its physiology. The calculated form factors suggested an elongated body shape, which is typical of many riverine fishes. In addition, a small number of morphological traits varied significantly in the current study. Likewise, in the case of morphometric features, the principal component analysis showed a considerable degree of connectedness between the male and female individuals. The blood values showed no significant difference between the sexes. This might result from feeding fish the same kind of food and maintaining them in the same environment. However, the higher temperature might have caused slight blood abnormalities in both sexes. The current findings strongly support raising this fish in captivity and would offer useful information for fish farm owners, entrepreneurs, stakeholders, and other concerns in Bangladesh and surrounding nations.

To study water quality changes and tidal effects, hourly samples were collected on 17-18 June 2022, in the Andharmanik River, Bangladesh. Parameters measured included temperature (28.8-30.6 °C), salinity, dissolved oxygen (5.9-6.33 mg/L), pH (7.15-7.98), TDS, conductivity, alkalinity, and hardness. Temperature, DO, and pH showed minimal correlation with water height, while salinity peaked at low tide due to evaporation and no freshwater inflow. Strong correlations were between TDS and conductivity, and water height and several parameters. Most measurements varied with the tide, offering a key baseline data for the region.

and tidal rivers of Bangladesh and India. In the present study, the reproductive biology of A. gagora was assessed in Meghna River system at Kushiara River. Length-weight relationship was found strongly correlated for male (r2 = 0.98), female (r2 = 0.97) and combined sex (r2 = 0.81), respectively. Chi-square tests revealed no significant difference between sex ratios round the year and not deviated from the expected value of 1:1 (%2 = 5.57) and the critical chi-square value calculated was 143.25. The fecundity found to be ranged from 43333.12±829.83 to 53948.81±1743.28 in April to August. The relationship of fecundity with ovary weight (r2 = 0.79), ovary length (r2 = 0.88), total length (r2 = 0.85) and total weight (r2 = 0.68) were found positively correlated. Monthly study of gonadosomatic index (GSI) revealed that the breeding season for this fish species may be between July to August with a single peak spawning month in August. Size at sexual maturity was estimated as 30.01 cm total length. Fulton's condition factor (K) value varied in both males and females and indicates that the overall health condition of both the male and female were excellent. Breeding season was found significantly correlated with rainfall, but not with other biological, meteorological, and hydrological parameters. Ovarian development of A. gagora was assessed macroscopically and three broad gonad developmental stages were identified. Maturity was specified based on the presence of green egg in the peritoneal cavity. These findings should benefit and improve the sustainable management and conservation of this species both in Bangladesh and its bordering countries.

BackgroundExcess accumulation of heavy metals in frequently consumed food (e.g., vegetables, fruits) is a serious threat to human health. The concentration of heavy metals in four root vegetables and five leafy vegetables collected from the Kawran Bazar fresh vegetable market of Dhaka, Bangladesh, were analyzed. Average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard index (HI) were also estimated to assess the human health risks posed by the intake of heavy metals from the consumption of the studied vegetables. Apparent differences in the concentration of heavy metals present in different vegetables were observed.ResultsThe presence and degree of contamination was assessed for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Concentrations of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Cu exceeded the maximum permissible limit (MPL) in some root vegetables. Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe concentration were higher in most studied leafy vegetables. ADI was found to be lower than the maximum permitted tolerable daily intake in most cases except Cr (0.202 mg/person day) and Fe (19.681 mg/person day) for the consumption of turnip and mint, respectively. Hazard quotient of Cr for turnip (1.121) and Zn for spinach (1.104), as well as the hazard indices of turnip (1.541), mustard (1.663), spinach (2.113), coriander (1.925), and mint (2.834), exceeded unit value, signifying potential health hazard from the dietary intake of the studied vegetables.ConclusionsHigher concentrations of heavy metals were found in leafy vegetables compared to the root vegetables. Hence, the consumption of leafy vegetables has higher potential health risks than root vegetables. This study suggests that regular monitoring of heavy metals in vegetables is essential to prevent health risks associated with consuming heavy metal contaminated vegetables.