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Impact of pyrogenic carbon on tomato root architecture and metabolites (ABA and proline) under drought stress
Drought stress severely threatens global agriculture by reducing crop productivity and compromising food security. Biochar derived from agricultural waste has emerged as a promising soil amendment to enhance plant resilience and mitigate drought impacts.
This study evaluated the effects of walnut shell biochar (WS biochar) at 3% and 5% (w/w) application rates on tomato (
) growth under severe (45% field capacity) and moderate (75% field capacity) drought conditions. The biochar was characterized for physicochemical properties, and its impact on root architecture, biomass accumulation, and stress-related hormonal responses was assessed through greenhouse pot trials.
WS biochar exhibited high conversion efficiency (58.8%), with favorable properties such as high fixed carbon content (98%) and porous macroporous structure enhancing soil water retention. The 5% biochar treatment increased plant height by 24%, improved leaf production, and mitigated a 92% biomass reduction under severe drought conditions. Root systems showed 30% longer primary roots and 25% higher lateral root density. Biochar treatments reduced oxidative stress markers, lowering proline accumulation by 18% and abscisic acid (ABA) levels by 22% under severe drought.
Walnut shell biochar effectively enhances tomato drought resilience by improving root development, biomass, and physiological stress responses. These improvements likely stem from enhanced soil water retention and modified hormonal signaling. The findings support WS biochar's potential as a sustainable, climate-smart amendment to improve crop performance in water-limited environments. Further field studies are recommended to confirm long-term benefits on soil health and yield.
Journal Article
The catcher in the loft
\"Inspired by the case of a torture specialist in 1980s South Korea who from 1988 to 2000 was a fugitive in his own house, The Catcher in the Loft (published in South Korea in 2011 as Saenggang) is in equal parts a portrait of a man coming to terms with his notorious past and a coming-of-age story centered in his dependent relationship with his college-age daughter, who has always thought of him as a patriotic policeman. The novel begins at breakneck speed, with a victim perishing under the torture artist (renamed An)’s watch, and a hurried decision that An must take cover. The remainder of the novel is a dual narrative related in turn by the torture artist and his daughter, Sŏn, who must harbor her father in a loft above her room. There follows a counterpoint of concealment (An) and revelation (Sŏn), with the daughter discovering the “festival” of her own body during an infatuation with a university classmate, followed by the sobering knowledge, manifested firsthand in her encounter with one of her father’s shattered victims, that the father she had idolized is a sado-masochist reduced to abject dependence on her for all of his daily needs during his concealment in the loft. When the novel ends, years later, the focus is equally on An’s ultimate capitulation (he turns himself in to the authorities) and Sŏn’s awakening to her autonomy.\"-- Publisher description.
Book
Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipokines and the Relationship between Obesity, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity is closely associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Obesity results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, which leads to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is now recognized not only as a main site of storage of excess energy derived from food intake but also as an endocrine organ. The expansion of adipose tissue produces a number of bioactive substances, known as adipocytokines or adipokines, which trigger chronic low-grade inflammation and interact with a range of processes in many different organs. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, dysregulated production or secretion of these adipokines caused by excess adipose tissue and adipose tissue dysfunction can contribute to the development of obesity-related metabolic diseases. In this review, we focus on the role of several adipokines associated with obesity and the potential impact on obesity-related metabolic diseases. Multiple lines evidence provides valuable insights into the roles of adipokines in the development of obesity and its metabolic complications. Further research is still required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of a few newly identified adipokines.
Journal Article
Combined deep CNN–LSTM network-based multitasking learning architecture for noninvasive continuous blood pressure estimation using difference in ECG-PPG features
The pulse arrival time (PAT), the difference between the R-peak time of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the systolic peak of photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, is an indicator that enables noninvasive and continuous blood pressure estimation. However, it is difficult to accurately measure PAT from ECG and PPG signals because they have inconsistent shapes owing to patient-specific physical characteristics, pathological conditions, and movements. Accordingly, complex preprocessing is required to estimate blood pressure based on PAT. In this paper, as an alternative solution, we propose a noninvasive continuous algorithm using the difference between ECG and PPG as a new feature that can include PAT information. The proposed algorithm is a deep CNN–LSTM-based multitasking machine learning model that outputs simultaneous prediction results of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressures (DBP). We used a total of 48 patients on the PhysioNet website by splitting them into 38 patients for training and 10 patients for testing. The prediction accuracies of SBP and DBP were 0.0 ± 1.6 mmHg and 0.2 ± 1.3 mmHg, respectively. Even though the proposed model was assessed with only 10 patients, this result was satisfied with three guidelines, which are the BHS, AAMI, and IEEE standards for blood pressure measurement devices.
Journal Article
A Sustainable Approach to the Conversion of Waste into Energy: Landfill Gas-to-Fuel Technology
Landfill gas (LFG) is a methane-rich gas produced by the decomposition of organic waste in landfills. It has the potential to be a greenhouse gas, but it can also be a valuable source of energy. LFG can be used to generate electricity, heat, or fuel. Renewable natural gas, abundant in methane derived from organic matter or waste streams, can undergo processing to align with established specifications for conventional fossil natural gas pipelines and vehicle use. This article assesses the present state of understanding concerning the transformation of landfill gas into a valuable fuel resource. This study shows the methods for LFG collection and conversion into usable fuels, along with the environmental benefits and challenges associated with its utilization and usage. In this study, a thorough examination was conducted concerning the waste generated in residential communities, specifically within the rural districts of Adana, known as the Yedigoze region. This research focused on assessing the gas potential derived from these waste materials and their potential environmental implications when employed as a fuel source for municipal buses. The transitioning analysis of 50 diesel buses to compressed natural gas (CNG) buses resulted in a remarkable reduction of 950,625 kg of CO2 emissions in one year.
Journal Article
Taking action to help the environment
\"This important book examines ways to meet the challenges facing Earth's environment-one of the United Nation's sustainable development goals. From tackling ocean pollution to slowing climate change, readers will gain an understanding of how all the UN goals work together, and learn concrete strategies to inspire change. Profiles of youth-led movements and other collaborative efforts to help the environment will empower readers to get involved to restore and protect the health of environments\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Host susceptibility to non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria cause a broad range of clinical disorders, from cutaneous infections, such as cervical or intrathoracic lymphadenitis in children, to disseminated infections at all ages. Recognition of the underlying immune defect is crucial for rational treatment, preventive care, family screening, and, in some cases, transplantation. So far, at least seven autosomal mutations (in IL12B, IL12RB1, ISG15, IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, and IRF8) and two X-linked mutations (in IKBKG and CYBB), mostly presenting in childhood, have been reported to confer susceptibility to disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. GATA2 deficiency and anti-interferon γ autoantibodies also give rise to disseminated infection, typically in late childhood or adulthood. Furthermore, isolated pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection has been increasing in prevalence in people without recognised immune dysfunction. In this Review, we discuss how to detect and differentiate host susceptibility factors underlying localised and systemic non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections.
Journal Article