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Later Living
This publication offers guidance for investors, developers and architects on how to best design, build and operate housing with care, part of the later living sector in the UK.
eBook
Industrial Tourism
Industrial tourism presents opportunities, both in terms of income and as a tool of management, for individual firms who open their doors - and consequently their local regions - to the public. But how can these opportunities be organised in a way that enables both the city and the enterprise to take advantage? This book analyzes the conditions for successful industrial tourism development using case studies of Wolfsburg, Cologne, Pays de la Loire, Turin, Shanghai and Rotterdam, and makes astute recommendations for cities and companies with ambitions in this field.
eBook
Later Living: Housing With Care
By 2040, almost one in seven people is projected to be aged over 75 in the UK, and the current build rate for age-appropriate housing will fall woefully short. Through this report, Later Living: Housing with Care, the ULI is seeking to promote the provision of housing with care through some myth busting and the promotion of good and innovative practice, which puts people and choice at the centre of delivery. The guide also seeks to clarify the myriad of terms used to describe accommodation within this highly fragmented sector. It is relevant to existing funders, commissioners, investors, developers and operators, both public and private sector, as well as new entrants who wish to diversify. Our aspiration is to encourage conversations about what is needed, promote new and emerging models that will attract new entrants, funders and operators, and inform strategic planning across a diverse spectrum of stakeholders.
eBook
Later Living: Housing with Care
This publication offers guidance for investors, developers and architects on how to best design, build and operate housing with care, part of the later living sector in the UK.
eBook
Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates
Wheat, rice, maize, and soybean provide two-thirds of human caloric intake. Assessing the impact of global temperature increase on production of these crops is therefore critical to maintaining global food supply, but different studies have yielded different results. Here, we investigated the impacts of temperature on yields of the four crops by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods: global grid-based and local point-based models, statistical regressions, and field-warming experiments. Results from the different methods consistently showed negative temperature impacts on crop yield at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales. Without CO2 fertilization, effective adaptation, and genetic improvement, each degree-Celsius increase in global mean temperature would, on average, reduce global yields of wheat by 6.0%, rice by 3.2%, maize by 7.4%, and soybean by 3.1%. Results are highly heterogeneous across crops and geographical areas, with some positive impact estimates. Multi-method analyses improved the confidence in assessments of future climate impacts on global major crops and suggest crop-and region-specific adaptation strategies to ensure food security for an increasing world population.
Journal Article
Simulating the dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in contaminated soil through composting by COP-Compost model
Organic pollutants (OPs) are potentially present in composts, and the assessment of their content and bioaccessibility in these composts is of paramount importance to minimize the risk of soil contamination and improve soil fertility. In this work, integration of the dynamics of organic carbon (OC) and OPs in an overall experimental framework is first proposed and adopted to validate the applicability of the COP-Compost model and to calibrate the model parameters on the basis of what has been achieved with the COP-Compost model. The COP-Compost model was evaluated via composting experiments containing 16 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the sorption coefficient (Kd) values of two types of OP: fluorenthene (FLT) and pyrene (PHE). In our study, these compounds are used to characterize the sequential extraction and are quantified as soluble, sorbed, and non-extractable fractions. The model was calibrated, and coupling the OC and OP modules improved the simulation of the OP behavior and bioaccessibility during composting. The results show good agreement between the simulated and experimental results describing the evolution of different organic pollutants using the OP module, as well as the coupling module. However, no clear relationship is found between the Kd and the property of organic fractions. Further estimation of parameters is still necessary to modify the insufficiency of this present research.
Journal Article
Effect of Adding Surfactant for Transforming Lignocellulose into Fermentable Sugars during Biocatalysing
Fuel ethanol is one of the most important alternative fuels used as a substitute for fossil fuel. Lignocellulose is the most abundant biomass resource for the production of fuel ethanol. However, the hydrolysis of lignocellulose requires high enzyme loading. In order to strengthen the process of enzyme hydrolysis of lignocellulose, surfactant-polyethylene glycol (PEG) was applied to the catalysis of lignocellulose into fermentable sugars. The effect of PEG on both the enzymatic hydrolysis and adsorption of cellulose were investigated. The addition of surfactant obviously facilitated enzymatic hydrolysis. In particular, upon addition of PEG4000, the enzyme catalytic efficiency increased by 51.06%. Meanwhile, the adsorption quantity of cellulase decreased by 11.25%. In addition, the mechanism of the effect of PEG on enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption is discussed.
Journal Article
Intergovernmental fiscal relations in Central and Eastern Europe : a sourcebook and reference guide
Produced by the Urban Institute for the United States Agency for International Development and the World Bank Institute, the sourcebook gives access to a wealth of knowledge and information on intergovernmental finance issues in Central and Eastern Europe by providing electronic links to a large number of documents included on a CD-ROM. The documents discuss the basic concepts and principles, and describe the evolution of intergovernmental finance in the countries of the region. The printed sourcebook, which is also on the CD-ROM, serves as a roadmap to help the reader explore the documents and locate relevant materials. Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Central and Eastern Europe is especially useful for policy analysts and trainers interested in promoting an understanding of those issues in their countries. The sourcebook also provides direct electronic links to relevant training and educational materials, also included on the CD-ROM. Countries covered: Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Macedonia, Poland, and Romania.
eBook