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In the photogrammetric process of the 3D reconstruction of an object or a building, multi-image orientation is one of the most important tasks that often include simultaneous camera calibration. The accuracy of image orientation and camera calibration significantly affects the quality and accuracy of all subsequent photogrammetric processes, such as determining the spatial coordinates of individual points or 3D modeling. In the context of artificial vision, the full-field analysis procedure is used, which leads to the so-called Strcture from Motion (SfM), which includes the simultaneous determination of the camera's internal and external orientation parameters and the 3D model. The procedures were designed and developed by means of a photogrammetric system, but the greatest development and innovation of these procedures originated from the computer vision from the late 90s, together with the SfM method. The reconstructions on this method have been useful for visualization purposes and not for photogrammetry and mapping. Thanks to advances in computer technology and computer performance, a large number of images can be automatically oriented in a coordinate system arbitrarily defined by different algorithms, often available in open source software (VisualSFM, Bundler, PMVS2, CMVS, etc.) or in the form of Web services (Microsoft Photosynth, Autodesk 123D Catch, My3DScanner, etc.). However, it is important to obtain an assessment of the accuracy and reliability of these automated procedures. This paper presents the results obtained from the dome low close range photogrammetric surveys and processed with some open source software using the Structure from Motion approach: VisualSfM, OpenDroneMap (ODM) and Regard3D. Photogrammetric surveys have also been processed with the Photoscan commercial software by Agisoft.For the photogrammetric survey we used the digital camera Canon EOS M3 (24.2 Megapixel, pixel size 3.72 mm). We also surveyed the dome with the Faro Focus 3D TLS. Only one scan was carried out, from ground level, at a resolution setting of ¼ with 3x quality, corresponding to a resolution of 7 mm / 10 m. Both TLS point cloud and Photoscan point cloud were used as a reference to validate the point clouds coming from VisualSFM, OpenDroneMap and Regards3D. The validation was done using the Cloud Compare open source software.

Precision agriculture (PA) is defined as an agricultural management based on the observation, measurement, and response of a set of quantitative and qualitative variables that affects agricultural production. The first step in the approach to precision agriculture is, therefore, the acquisition and collection of data from optical, multispectral, geophysical sensors, etc. aimed at obtaining knowledge and monitoring of the crop. In recent years UAVs are assuming an important role in precision agriculture. The possibility of mounting RGB, multispectral, LiDAR sensors on them make these systems fast, accurate, and usability compared other geomatic methods. In this study, we focus on a very low-cost UAV system to assess individual tree height and generate 3D Model and orthophoto of the study area. We used the DJI Mini2, a low-cost UAV that can be used without a flight rating and without restrictions due to its light weight of only 250 grams. The case study where the survey was performed is an agricultural area of about 1 hectare, where are some fruit trees and a small vineyard. The area was selected because it contained both tall and small trees. The study concerned the influence of the relative flight altitude and therefore of the GSD of the images on the extraction of the dimensional data of the trees. From the results obtained, it can be stated that the flight altitude has certainly more influence on the measurement of small tree (around one meter tall) compared to tall ones (around 4 m).

We compute the crossover exponents of all quadratic and cubic deformations of critical field theories with permutation symmetry S q in d = 6 - ϵ (Landau–Potts field theories) and d = 4 - ϵ (hypertetrahedral models) up to three loops. We use our results to determine the ϵ -expansion of the fractal dimension of critical clusters in the most interesting cases, which include spanning trees and forests ( q → 0 ), and bond percolations ( q → 1 ). We also explicitly verify several expected degeneracies in the spectrum of relevant operators for natural values of q upon analytic continuation, which are linked to logarithmic corrections of CFT correlators, and use the ϵ -expansion to determine the universal coefficients of such logarithms.

We show how the use of standard perturbative RG in dimensional regularization allows for a renormalization group-based computation of both the spectrum and a family of coefficients of the operator product expansion (OPE) for a given universality class. The task is greatly simplified by a straightforward generalization of perturbation theory to a functional perturbative RG approach. We illustrate our procedure in the ϵ-expansion by obtaining the next-to-leading corrections for the spectrum and the leading corrections for the OPE coefficients of Ising and Lee-Yang universality classes and then give several results for the whole family of renormalizable multi-critical models ϕ2n. Whenever comparison is possible our RG results explicitly match the ones recently derived in CFT frameworks.

In the present paper, we investigate the underlying Stokes complex structure of the Virtual Element Method for Stokes and Navier–Stokes introduced in previous papers by the same authors, restricting our attention to the two dimensional case. We introduce a Virtual Element space Φ h ⊂ H 2 ( Ω ) and prove that the triad { Φ h , V h , Q h } (with V h and Q h denoting the discrete velocity and pressure spaces) is an exact Stokes complex. Furthermore, we show the computability of the associated differential operators in terms of the adopted degrees of freedom and explore also a different discretization of the convective trilinear form. The theoretical findings are supported by numerical tests.

The study presented aims a practical contribution to the use of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner and the Close Range Photogrammetry geomatic techniques and to their integration for the knowledge and development of the historical-architectural heritage, both in the step of planning a restorative conservation project, and in the subsequent step of the restoration works. In particular, these techniques and their integration were applied at the process of study, planning and execution of the restoration of the San Giovanni Battista church in Fonni (Sardinia, Italy), founded in the 16th century. The building, due to structural problems and humidity infiltrations, was subject to a serious intervention for consolidation and conservative restoration.In the first phase of the work, preliminary to the design, a TLS survey was made that allowed to obtain an accurate 3D model of the church. In a second phase, during the restoration work, CRP surveys were carried out and the accuracy of this technique was verified through a comparison with TLS surveys. The integration of the two techniques to improve the texture of point clouds detected with TLS was also tested.

A bstract In this paper we investigate the possibility whether, in the extreme limit of high energies and large transverse distances, reggeon field theory might serve as an effective theory of high energy scattering for strong interactions. We analyse the functional renormalization group equations (flow equations) of reggeon field theory and search for fixed points in the space of (local) reggeon field theories. We study in complementary ways the candidate for the scaling solution, investigate its main properties and briefly discuss possible physical interpretations.

We investigate multi-field multicritical scalar theories using CFT constraints on two- and three-point functions combined with the Schwinger–Dyson equation. This is done in general and without assuming any symmetry for the models, which we just define to admit a Landau–Ginzburg description that includes the most general critical interactions built from monomials of the form \\[\\phi _{i_1} \\dots \\phi _{i_m}\\]. For all such models we analyze to the leading order of the \\[\\epsilon \\]-expansion the anomalous dimensions of the fields and those of the composite quadratic operators. For models with even m we extend the analysis to an infinite tower of composite operators of arbitrary order. The results are supplemented by the computation of some families of structure constants. We also find the equations which constrain the nontrivial critical theories at leading order and show that they coincide with the ones obtained with functional perturbative RG methods. This is done for the case \\[m=3\\] as well as for all the even models. We ultimately specialize to \\[S_q\\] symmetric models, which are related to the q-state Potts universality class, and focus on three realizations appearing below the upper critical dimensions 6, 4 and \\[\\frac{10}{3}\\], which can thus be nontrivial CFTs in three dimensions.

Our findings show that upregulation of a wild-type Trop-2 has a key controlling role in human cancer growth, and that tumour development is quantitatively driven by Trop-2 expression levels. However, little is known about the regulation of expression of the TROP2 gene. Hence, we investigated the TROP2 transcription control network. TROP2 expression was shown to depend on a highly interconnected web of transcription factors: TP63/TP53L, ERG, GRHL1/Get-1 (grainyhead-like epithelial transactivator), HNF1A/TCF-1 (T-cell factor), SPI1/PU.1, WT (Wilms’ tumour)1, GLIS2, AIRE (autoimmune regulator), FOXM1 (forkhead box M1) and FOXP3, with HNF4A as the major network hub. TROP2 upregulation was shown to subsequently drive the expression and activation of CREB1 (cyclic AMP-responsive-element binding protein), Jun, NF-κB, Rb, STAT1 and STAT3 through induction of the cyclin D1 and ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase)/MEK (MAPK/ERK kinase) pathways. Growth-stimulatory signalling through NF-κB, cyclin D1 and ERK was shown to require an intact Trop-2 cytoplasmic tail. Network hubs and interacting partners are co-expressed with Trop-2 in primary human tumours, supporting a role of this signalling network in cancer growth.