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"Vagelpohl, Uwe"
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Why translate science? : documents from antiquity to the 16th century in the historical West (Bactria to the Atlantic)
From antiquity to the 16th century, translation united culturally the peoples in the historical West (from Bactria to the shores of the Atlantic) and fueled the production and circulation of knowledge. The Hellenic scientific and philosophical curriculum was translated from and into, to mention the most prevalent languages, Greek, Syriac, Middle Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin.To fill a lack in existing scholarship, this volume collects the documents that present the insider evidence provided in contemporary accounts of the motivations and purposes of translation given in the personal statements by the agents in this process, the translators, scholars, and historians of each society. Presented in the original languages with an English translation and introductory essays, these documents offer material for the study of the historical contextualization of the translations, the social history of science and philosophy in their interplay with traditional beliefs, and the cultural policies and ideological underpinnings of these societies.ContributorsMichael Angold, Pieter Beullens, Charles Burnett, David Cohen, Gad Freudenthal, Dag Nikolaus Hasse, Anthony Kaldellis, Daniel King, Felix Mundt, Ignacio Sánchez, Isabel Toral, Uwe Vagelpohl, and Mohsen Zakeri.
eBook
Aristotle's Rhetoric in the East
Analyzing the Arabic translation of Aristotle's Rhetoric and situating it in its historical and intellectual context, this book offers a fresh interpretation of the early Greek-Arabic translation movement and its impact in Islamic culture and beyond.
eBook
IN THE TRANSLATOR'S WORKSHOP
Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq's Arabic translation of Galen's commentary on the Hippocratic Epidemics is an invaluable source for our knowledge of Galenic medicine and its transmission history, not least because much of it is extant only in Arabic. Its importance for the Arabic medical tradition is amply attested in the later medical literature. It also tells us much about the methods and self-image of contemporary translators. Throughout the translation, we find remarks by Ḥunayn discussing the quality of his source text, his own interpretation and also his attempts to reconstruct problematic or damaged passages. Based on an edition of these notes, their analysis and comparison to similar texts and Galen's own thought on editing and interpreting difficult medical texts, this article aims to situate Ḥunayn's methods in the context of the Greek-Arabic translation movement. It argues that his approach differs in important respects from that of preceding Greek-Arabic and Greek-Syriac translators and that he was indebted to Galen not just as a physician, but also as a translator and exegete. La traduction arabe de Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq du commentaire de Galien sur les Épidémies d'Hippocrate est une source d'importance capitale pour notre connaissance de la médecine galénique et de son histoire de transmission, notamment parce que la majeure partie n'est conservée qu'en arabe. Son importance pour la tradition médicale arabe est amplement attestée dans la littérature médicale postérieure. En plus, elle nous apprend beaucoup sur les méthodes et l'image de soi des traducteurs contemporains. Tout au long de la traduction, nous trouvons des annotations de Ḥunayn dans lesquels il parle de la qualité de son texte, de sa propre interprétation et de ses tentatives de reconstituer des passages problématiques ou endommagés. En s'appuyant sur une édition de ces notes, sur leur analyse et en les comparant à des textes similaires et à la pensée de Galien sur l’édition et l'interprétation des textes médicaux difficiles, cet article vise à situer les méthodes de Ḥunayn dans le contexte de l'histoire des traductions gréco-arabes. Il fait valoir que son approche est différente à bien des égards de celle des traducteurs gréco-arabes et gréco-syriaques précédents et qu'il était redevable à Galien non seulement en tant que médecin, mais aussi en tant que traducteur et exégète.
Journal Article
The Biography of Muhammad
This book considers the Arabic biographies of Prophet Muhammad, the earliest of which dates from two centuries after his life. These biographies, prized by Muslims, have been approached in the Western study of Islam from a range of positions. Some scholars reject them entirely, seeing in them products of the Muslim community’s idealisation of its history, while others accept them at face value, reasoning that, if not exact versions of events, the events could not have differed too much from their descriptions.
The author revisits the debate and reconsiders several key incidents in the life of the Prophet. By compiling an extensive corpus of materials and comparing them closely, this book analyses the transmission and the contents of the accounts. It shows that by understanding clearly the interaction in early Islam between written and oral modes of transmission, and by the judicious sieving of the accounts, as well as the lines of transmission, we can sometimes reach back to that generation of Muslims who though not themselves witness to the events were younger contemporaries of those who were. Establishing a solid basis for the informed study of Muhammad’s biography and adding to the ongoing debate, this book will appeal to scholars of early Islam, history and theology.
Foreword. Introduction 1. The Main Medinese Transmitters: Learning and Teaching the Use of Writing 2. The Text in the Transmission Process: Muhammad’s First Revelation (The Iqra’ Narration) 3. The Issue of Authenticity: The Tradition of the Slander Against A’isah (hadit al-ifk). Afterword. Appendix 1: The Corpus. Appendix 2: List of Sigla
Gregor Schoeler has been the chair of Islamic Studies at the University of Basel since 1982. His recent publications include Al-Ma’arrî: Paradies und Hölle, Munich, 2002 (German translation of the first part of al-Ma’arrî’s Risâlat al-Ghufrân), and Volume 4 of the Dîwân of Abû Nuwâs, Beirut 2003, and The Oral and the Written in Early Islam, London and New York 2006, and The Genesis of Literature in Islam: From the Aural to the Read, Edinburgh 2009.
Uwe Vagelpohl is a project researcher in the department of Classics and Ancient History at the University of Warwick. His research focuses on translation as a medium of cultural communication and transformation in late antiquity and the Middle Ages.
James E. Montgomery is Professor of Classical Arabic, Staff Fellow and Director of Studies in Asian and Middle Eastern Studies (Arabic) at Trinity Hall College, Cambridge, UK.
eBook
The Prior Analytics in the Syriac and Arabic tradition
The reception history of Aristotle's Prior Analytics in the Islamic world began even before its ninth-century translation into Arabic. Three generations earlier, Arabic authors already absorbed echoes of the varied and extensive logical teaching tradition of Greek-and Syriac-speaking religious communities in the new Islamic state. Once translated into Arabic, the Prior Analytics inspired a rich tradition of logical studies, culminating in the creation of an independent Islamic logical tradition by Ibn Sīnā (d. 1037), Ibn Rušd (d. 1098) and others. This article traces the translation and commentary tradition of the Prior Analytics in Syriac and Arabic in the sixth to ninth centuries and sketches its appropriation, revision and, ultimately, transformation by Islamic philosophers between the ninth and eleventh centuries.
Journal Article
Cultural Accommodation and the Idea of Translation
The translations produced in the course of the Greek-Arabic translation movement of the ninth to eleventh century amply document the struggles of generations of mostly Christian translators to render an extraordinarily wide range of Greek and Syriac source texts into Arabic. When dealing with material that relied on unavailable cultural background knowledge or was, for a variety of reasons, unacceptable to the translator or his audience, translational technique alone was of little help. With a variety of examples, this paper seeks to illustrate how the translator of Aristotle's Rhetoric dealt with such situations, how his solutions influenced the reception and commentary tradition of this work and explores the implications for an understanding of translation beyond catchwords such as \"literal,\" \"free\" and \"mistranslation.\"
Journal Article
