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"Vaishnav, Milan"
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The Rise of India's Second Republic
At first glance, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)'s narrow 2024 general election victory—a win only made possible thanks to the cooperation of alliance partners—suggests a return to a previous era of coalition government in India. While the ruling party may be weakened, the nature of the political order has fundamentally shifted in ways that will have a lasting impact on Indian democracy. India is witnessing the dawn of a \"Second Republic,\" an inflection point that is equal in magnitude to the constitutional moment in 1950, when India's \"First Republic\" was established. Several elements of the Second Republic were visible prior to these elections, and the BJP's narrow victory has not dislodged them. The nature of electoral democracy, liberal constitutionalism, national identity, secularism, and federalism have all undergone significant transformations. Yet, true to India's nature, its new political settlement cannot be readily captured using simple binary distinctions.
Journal Article
Costs of democracy : political finance in India
If it impossible to conceive of democracies sans elections, why is it impossible to imagine elections without the flood of money in politics? How does every general election in India get more expensive than the last one? Stepping into the mucky terrain to find out what enables the average Indian vote to have a price, Costs of Democracy opens readers' eyes to the opaque and enigmatic ways in which money flows through the political heart of the world's largest democracy. 0In the first in-depth investigation drawing from extensive fieldwork on political campaigns, unique surveys, and creative and innovative data analysis, the contributions chase and unpack the institutional and regulatory context governing the flow of money in politics; the sources of political finance; the need for such large spending; how money flow, operate, and interact with different levels of government.
Book
Who Rallies around the Flag? Nationalist Parties, National Security, and the 2019 Indian Election
National security crises often generate a ‘rally-around-the-flag’ effect, especially under nationalist administrations, but the salience of a security crisis varies within a country. Does exposure to a crisis intensify rallying by fomenting nationalism, inciting hawkishness, and distracting from quotidian economic concerns? Or does exposure deepen dissatisfaction with the incumbent, thereby reducing a rallying effect? We argue the latter using evidence from a difficult test in India. A major pre-election terrorist attack boosted the nationwide popularity of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the nationalist ruling party. Yet we find that proximity to the victims’ funeral processions, which served as patriotic rallies, substantially reduced BJP support where the party was incumbent. The size and breadth of our observed effects indicate that the social commemoration of the attack, rather than direct personal connections to its victims, fuelled anti-incumbent sentiment. Mobilizing collective anger after a crisis may dampen rather than augment a rally-around-the-flag effect.
Journal Article
The Three Faces of the Indian State
For more than seven decades, India’s Constitution has provided a framework for liberal democracy to flourish in one of the world’s most diverse societies. Legal changes and shifts in bureaucratic practices, however, have undermined central tenets of the prevailing order. In today’s India, the assent of the people is both necessary and sufficient to justify all forms of state action. This article outlines three manifestations of India’s new constitutionalism—the “ethnic state,” the “absolute state,” and the “opaque state.” These distinct, yet overlapping faces of the Indian state have undermined the rule of law, equal citizenship, checks and balances, and democratic accountability.
Journal Article
Interview: Dr. Milan Vaishnav on the Threats to India’s Democracy
The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project’s March 2020 report on democracy around the world found that “India is on the verge of losing its status as a democracy due to the severely shrinking of space for the media, civil society, and the opposition under Prime Minister Modi’s government.” Indian secularism has a very particular definition, unlike secularism in the West which typically refers to a strict firewall or separation between church and state. Under Prime Minister Modi, there has been a weakening of key institutions, including India’s Electoral Commission, the Reserve Bank of India, and the Indian Supreme Court. [...]notwithstanding a lot of talk about decentralization and devolution of power, we are witnessing a reconcentration of power in the central government, which runs against the trend
Journal Article
Looking Out to the Indian Elections
Question on in what direction do you think Modi will be empowered to take Indian foreign policy if he wins a third term is answered. We will see substantial continuities in foreign policy. There is more room to maneuver major shifts in direction domestically rather than internationally. I suspect that a few existing strands will continue to be heightened or retain their positions of focus. The first is the multi-alignment position. The Indian government is trying to be in, what they call, the \"sweet spot:\" aligned, but not allied, with the United States and Russia. India is on good terms with the Gulf countries and Israel. They share a tense relationship with China, which is a major reason why they look both to the West and Russia as partners even though the West and Russia are locked in a rivalry over the war in Ukraine. The multi-alignment position is attractive to India and has seemed fairly sustainable thus far. That will likely continue.
Journal Article
Ethnic Identifiability in India
The ethnic politics literature assumes that one's ethnic identity is readily identifiable. This paper evaluates how well this assumption holds in practice, drawing on a voter survey in the Indian state of Bihar. While voters often misidentify the identity of their candidate, the degree of error is small but systematic.
Journal Article
Ethnic Identifiability in India
The ethnic politics literature assumes that one’s ethnic identity is readily identifiable. This paper evaluates how well this assumption holds in practice, drawing on a voter survey in the Indian state of Bihar. While voters often misidentify the identity of their candidate, the degree of error is small but systematic.
Journal Article
The Strategic and Moral Imperatives of Local Engagement: Reflections on India
[...]India is not merely the geographic subject of our own work; it also is a hub for a vibrant social science community in its own right.[...]local audiences often are better poised to provide particular criticism than our US peers.[...]local media can be especially important in raising the profile of a scholar’s research agenda and bringing it to the attention of local policy makers.[...]local publications and presentations provide a means through which our scholarly research contributes to local intellectual discussions among professors, students, and everyday readers.
Journal Article