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Purpose The purpose of this study is to present a review of published academic work on art and tourism. A distinction between papers researching tourism and mentioning art just as one of tourism activities and papers covering “art tourism” specifically is proposed. Design/methodology/approach The review is grounded on a content analysis of studies containing the words “art” and “tourism” published in the Scopus database. Moreover, to analyze papers specifically consisting of the term “art tourism” a theory‐context‐characteristics‐methods structure was used – the authors call these papers art–tourism-specific papers. Findings While the number of “art and tourism” papers has been increasing in the past 40 years, little is known about “art tourism” as an independent form of tourism. This study finds limited work on art tourists’ characteristics, preferences and behaviors as costumers. No art-based research and little research with visual representations was found. Artists are very rarely participants of art tourism research. Research limitations/implications Most research is conceptual, and little applied research can be identified. Importantly, besides synthesizing and critically assessing the current corpus of knowledge on art tourism, this review presents a final roadmap with directions for future research. One of the limitations of this review is that only studies included in the Scopus database and published in English were considered. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive systematic review of published academic research on art and tourism in the past 40 years. The results of this study offer directions to future art tourism researchers. 目的 本文的目的是回顾已发表的有关艺术和旅游的学术著作。 提出了在研究旅游的论文中将仅将艺术作为旅游活动之一提及的论文与专门涵盖“艺术旅游”的论文进行区分。 设计/方法论 该回顾是基于对 Scopus 数据库中发表的包含“艺术”和“旅游”一词的文章的内容分析。此外, 为了分析专门由术语“艺术旅游”组成的论文, 我们使用了理论-背景-特征-方法的结构——我们将这些论文称为艺术旅游特定论文。 发现 虽然过去四十年来“艺术与旅游”论文的数量一直在增加, 但人们对“艺术旅游”作为一种独立的旅游形式知之甚少。 我们发现关于艺术游客的特征、偏好和作为顾客的行为的工作有限。 没有发现基于艺术的研究, 也没有发现很少的视觉表现研究。 艺术家很少是艺术旅游研究的参与者。 研究意义/局限性 大多数研究都是概念性的, 很少有应用研究可以被识别出。重要的是, 除了综合性地批判和评估当前关于艺术旅游的知识库外, 本次回顾还提出了一个最终路线图, 并为未来的研究提供了方向。本回顾的局限性之一是仅考虑了 SCOPUS 数据库中包含的并以英文发表的文章。 独创性 本研究首次全面系统地回顾了过去四十年来发表的有关艺术和旅游的学术研究。本研究结果为未来的艺术旅游研究者提供了方向。 Objetivo (límite de 100 palabras) El propósito de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los trabajos académicos publicados sobre arte y turismo. Se propone una distinción entre los trabajos que investigan el turismo y mencionan el arte sólo como una de las actividades turísticas Y los trabajos que cubren específicamente el “turismo artístico”. Diseño/metodología/enfoque (límite 100 palabras) Esta revisión se basa en un análisis de contenido de los artículos que contienen las palabras “arte” y “turismo” publicados en la base de datos Scopus. Además, para analizar los artículos que contenían específicamente el término “turismo artístico” se utilizó una estructura Teoría-Contexto-Características-Métodos - llamamos a estos artículos específicos de turismo artístico. Conclusiones (límite de 100 palabras) Aunque el número de trabajos sobre “arte y turismo” ha aumentado en los últimos cuarenta años, se sabe poco sobre el “turismo artístico” como forma independiente de turismo. Encontramos trabajos limitados sobre las características, preferencias y comportamientos de los turistas de arte como clientes. No se ha encontrado ninguna investigación basada en el arte y poca investigación con representaciones visuales. Los artistas rara vez participan en las investigaciones sobre turismo artístico. Limitaciones/implicaciones de la investigación (límite 100 palabras) La mayor parte de las investigaciones son conceptuales, y se puede identificar poca investigación aplicada. Es importante destacar que, además de sintetizar y evaluar críticamente el corpus actual de conocimientos sobre el turismo artístico, esta revisión presenta una hoja de ruta final con directrices para futuras investigaciones. Una de las limitaciones de esta revisión es que sólo se han considerado los artículos incluidos en la base de datos SCOPUS y publicados en inglés. Originalidad/valor (límite 100 palabras) Este estudio proporciona la primera revisión sistemática exhaustiva de la investigación académica publicada sobre arte y turismo en los últimos cuarenta años. Los resultados de este estudio ofrecen orientaciones a los futuros investigadores del turismo artístico.

The purpose of the present research is to examine and explain any possible variance in the perception of local Emiratis towards hosting a major and a mega-event in the preevent phase. The Grand Prix Formula One was considered as a major event, which is organized yearly in Abu Dhabi. The EXPO Dubai 2020 was considered as an example of a one-time mega-event. Data of Emirati nationals living in UAE were collected in person in the fall 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was developed that consisted of tourism perception, negative and positive impacts of the events, and individual support for the events. The questionnaire was adjusted to each event and N = 360 were collected for EXPO 2020 Dubai and N = 533 were received for the Grand Prix F1 Abu Dhabi questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and t tests were used to identify differences in participants' perception of the events. Results show that significant differences exist in locals' perspectives towards a major and mega-event, especially in perceptions of positive impacts and individual support. UAE residents have never experienced a mega-event such as EXPO or Olympics organized on their soil, which means they do not know exactly what to expect. The perceived impacts of EXPO might be different after the first experience. Thus, the present research opens more questions, which may be considered for a future research. This work contributes to knowledge base and it confirms a need to specifically and independently approach by size different events.

This study investigates Pokémon Go as a form of serious leisure including its impact on the touristic engagement, physical activity and sense of happiness of players. This location-aware augmented reality mobile game continues to be played by millions of people every day. Based on an online survey identifying 438 Pokémon GO players from 34 countries the present study examines if playing Pokémon GO sends people to locations, cities and countries beyond their normal sphere of activity and makes them feel happier and more successful. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and regression were used to analyze data. Results show that playing the networked game on a mobile device increases visitation to local tourism attractions, and motivates people to spend more time outdoors and walking. It also sends them to cities and countries they might not otherwise visit and acts as an alternative to spending time indoors playing computer games. Surveyed players feel happier and more successful after playing the game. Pokémon GO might have value as the center of a tourism product for those players. The opportunity to acquire Pokémon and encounter others involved in the game across a destination, or in a single attraction, could pull players to that place. These are the attributes of people in pursuit of serious leisure. Highlights Pokémon GO players know more about local attractions than before playing. Pokémon GO players visit more tourist attractions than before playing. Pokémon GO players spend more time in outdoor physical activity than before playing. Pokémon GO players who play more feel happier and more successful than those who play less. Pokémon GO has the potential to attract people to destinations and places as they play the game.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the linkage between everyday life activities with its various aspects of leisure and the leisure-related activities undertaken when traveling as a tourist. This comparison is based on information from individuals who take on both the roles of the everyday person and the traveling tourist. Moreover, as the study is based in the UAE, a multi-cultural country, leisure activities between local residents and expatriates living in UAE are contrasted as part of the investigation.Design/methodology/approachA newly modified International Social Survey Program about Leisure Time questionnaire was used in this study to define a comprehensive list of leisure activities. This was distributed to a sample of local residents and expats living in the UAE in 2015. Pearson χ2 was used to understand the association between everyday leisure activities and travel leisure activities.FindingsThe results show statistically significant differences in everyday leisure activities between expats and Emirati nationals living in UAE. Moreover, a moderate (V = 0.21; p = 0.25) strength of associations between everyday activities and travel leisure activities was found in the overall sample of all UAE residents.Research limitations/implicationsA non-probability sampling method was used to collect the data, and no general conclusions about the segments or the total population of residents can be made at this point. However, the sample size is sufficient to examine the proposed model and understand the differences between the two resident segments (Emirati nationals vs expats) and to compare the differences in behavior between everyday leisure and tourism-related leisure activities.Practical implicationsThese findings are recommended for consideration by tourism authorities, holiday destination managers and trip organizers when targeting UAE residents, both Emirati nationals and expats.Social implicationsAs a relation between everyday activities and travel activities was confirmed, the typical tourism motivation assumption that people are traveling to escape the everyday should be reconsidered. In addition, a managerial conclusion is that Emirati nationals and expats should be considered as two distinct groups when devising, preparing and marketing the leisure activities for the market in the UAE.Originality/valueThe problem of separating tourism travel from everyday life, as the common perspective of the time, was to treat tourism simply as a temporary escape from everyday life. This research enters this same area and attempts to fill the academic gap and address this issue which, to our knowledge, no specific studies have investigated or exposed the relationship between common everyday leisure activities and special travel leisure activities.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the self-determination theory (SDT) to examine the perceived impact of events on happiness based on event organizers’ opinions. Moreover, it explores whether event organizers in Abu Dhabi consider promoting happiness and well-being as a value of their event and examines how organizers define a successful event. Design/methodology/approach The research was inspired by Abu Dhabi’s governmental initiative to promote happiness at all stages, with the aim of becoming one of the happiest countries in the world. A qualitative approach was used, and seven event organizers from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates were interviewed. Findings Attributes of an event were analyzed, and the results indicated that happiness as a value of events is not an idea that occurs to organizers by recalling values; yet, after reminding them of “happiness,” they all agreed that this value is what they do promote with their events. Practical implications Thus, actions must be considered to implement happiness with the potential to become a “first-on-mind” value of events organized in Abu Dhabi (UAE). Originality/value Specifically, the authors researched if event organizers consider promoting happiness and well-being as a value of their event, as well as to determine what they considered to be a successful event.

Abstract Purpose Main purpose of this chapter is to broaden current knowledge of marketing plan design and implementation. In this context, main scope is to explain why marketing planning is a crucial managerial function and procedure for tourism business ventures. Methodology/approach Literature review combined with examples and a case study is the methodological approach of this chapter. Findings This chapter presents the main components of a marketing plan and it explains in a practical way with simple steps how marketing objectives can be set up and how monitoring and evaluation can be developed. Research limitations/implications Although the study is not completely theoretical, as it has several practical examples and a case study, it still is based on literature review. Practical implications Tourism businesses have to develop marketing plans to help them cope with the market’s dynamism. In this chapter, we present the main elements of a marketing plan. SMEs usually are unable on focusing on long-term goals since they have significant time constraints. This chapter explains which procedure business should follow to achieve smart objectives set by entrepreneur/manager with limited resources. Originality/value This chapter presents the main elements that should be taken into consideration before starting to design a marketing plan, as well as its components. Additionally, a very interesting case study is presented to illustrate a real-time example of successful implementation of a marketing plan by a tourism enterprise.

The quality of the young people who form the basis of the university student population of the new century is very important as they represent our future world leaders. Childhood and adolescence is a precursor to a mature, adult identity, and young people may make leisure time choices that are marked by indecision, hesitation, experimentation and failed attempts or rejections. That leisure activities contribute immensely to the individual's mental and physical wellbeing is now generally well accepted, but not all over the world sport has the same strong importance. The present research has been developed to understand student's leisure activities from five countries, focusing on a sport activity in 'every-day spare time' and sport as a motive for travelling. The data has been collected through a computer assisted web questionnaire (CAWI) at the universities of five different countries, which are Slovenia, Poland, Greece, Taiwan R.O.C. and Mexico. The data were analysed using binary logistic regression. The results show differences between students from diverse cultural regions in choosing the activity in their spare time and their motives for travelling. Results shows that students from Slovenia (32.1%) and Poland (18.2%) were most likely to participate in sport as a spare time, although spending time on the Internet/PC remain the main 'activity' of the majority of students regardless of the country of origin. In addition, students typically do not see sports activity as a significant motive for traveling (4.3%), which could be a warning for sport tourism destinations and the future development of sport tourism.

The present study uses the CHAID segmentation method with the purpose to identify the present market and predict the future target markets of the runners at the Istrian Marathon. The 1st Istrian Marathon was hold in 2014 at the Slovenian coast and the runners have been surveyed. No sampling was used, but all runners have received an on-line questionnaire to fill. In total 770 valid answers were received that compose our database. The results show that marathon runners are heterogeneous by their motivation, where the travel companions and age have a significant influence to the motivation in taking part in the marathon running. Finally, 4 groups according to the motivation of the runners are suggested. The major motivation for attending the marathon is entertainment (almost 40%), but who travelled in an organised group of runners are mainly motivated by gathering with other runners. Also, younger runners than 40 and those older than 40 should be treated differently, our results predict. In the last part of the study the most profitable nodes for each included motive are presented. The findings from this study provide a number of insights and important implications for recurring small-scale marathon event organisers interested in developing marketing strategies based on the identification of the runners motivation.

The purpose of the present study was to examine habits of sports-active tourists from Slovenia where the sports tourism is seen as a new window of opportunity for the development of Slovenian tourism. Furthermore, the differences between sports-active tourists and other types of tourists were analysed on the basis of official data acquired from a Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia from 2000 to 2004; the data were analysed using a chi-square method. The results revealed socio-demographic differences and some differences in travel behaviour between sports-active tourists and tourists with other travelling motives. It was found that sports-active tourists choose different types of transportation, they spend more money on sports activities and less on accommodation and there is greater interest in winter sports. These findings have important implications for both academics and even more for those involved in the tourism industry and marketing. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je istražiti navike sportskih turista iz Slovenije, gdje se sportski turizam smatra novom prilikom za razvoj slovenskog turizma. Nadalje, analizirane su razlike između sportskih turista i ostalih turista na temelju službenih podataka Statističkog ureda Republike Slovenije za razdoblje od 2000. do 2004. godine; podaci su analizirani metodom hi-kvadrata. Rezultati usporedbe sportskih turista i turista koji putuju zbog drugih razloga otkrili su sociodemografske razlike i neke razlike u ponašanju na putovanju. Utvrđeno je da sportski turisti biraju različite vrste prijevoznih sredstava i troše više novca na sportske aktivnosti a manje na smještaj te da postoji veće zanimanje za zimske sportove. Ovi rezultati imaju važne implikacije kako za istraživače, tako i za turizam i marketing. The purpose of the present study was to examine habits of sports-active tourists from Slovenia where the sports tourism is seen as a new window of opportunity for the development of Slovenian tourism. Furthermore, the differences between sports-active tourists and other types of tourists were analysed on the basis of official data acquired from a Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia from 2000 to 2004; the data were analysed using a chi-square method. The results revealed socio-demographic differences and some differences in travel behaviour between sports-active tourists and tourists with other travelling motives. It was found that sports-active tourists choose different types of transportation, they spend more money on sports activities and less on accommodation and there is greater interest in winter sports. These findings have important implications for both academics and even more for those involved in the tourism industry and marketing.