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"Vandana"
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Phytochemical Screening and GC-MS Profiling of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Tephrosia wallichii Graham of Indian thar Desert
The medicinal properties of a plant depend on the phytochemical compounds present in plant parts. These phytochemicals are secondary metabolites produced within plants to fight against pathogens and environmental stress. These bioactive phytoconstituents possess therapeutic properties which make them significant for the production of novel drugs. Genus Tephrosia is known for its medicinal properties and used in ayurvedic and traditional medicines for a long time, but there is no report exists on phytochemical compounds found in Tephrosia wallichii. The present study aimed to determine bioactive compounds found in the leaves of T. wallichii. Preliminary phytochemical tests were done to confirm the presence or absence of chemical compounds belonging to various chemical groups. Further, Gas chromatography-mass - Mass spectroscopy analysis was carried out to identify the bioactive compounds of the methanolic leaf extract of T. wallichii. Phytochemical screening of methanolic leaf extract confirmed the presence of amino acids, carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phytosterols and glycosides in leaf extract. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fifty-three phytoconstituents in methanolic leaf extract, out of them fifty-two were identified. The presence of many bioactive compounds proved the therapeutic importance of this Tephrosia species; hence it can be considered for the development of novel drugs to cure several diseases.
Journal Article
Subtractive proteomics to identify novel drug targets and reverse vaccinology for the development of chimeric vaccine against Acinetobacter baumannii
The emergence of drug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
is the global health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore it is high time to find a suitable therapeutics for this pathogen. In the present study, subtractive proteomics along with reverse vaccinology approaches were used to predict suitable therapeutics against
A. baumannii
. Using subtractive proteomics, we have identified promiscuous antigenic membrane proteins that contain the virulence factors, resistance factors and essentiality factor for this pathogenic bacteria. Selected promiscuous targeted membrane proteins were used for the design of chimeric-subunit vaccine with the help of reverse vaccinology. Available best tools and servers were used for the identification of MHC class I, II and B cell epitopes. All selected epitopes were further shortlisted computationally to know their immunogenicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, conservancy and toxicity potentials. Immunogenic predicted promiscuous peptides used for the development of chimeric subunit vaccine with immune-modulating adjuvants, linkers, and PADRE (Pan HLA-DR epitopes) amino acid sequence. Designed vaccine construct V4 also interact with the MHC, and TLR4/MD2 complex as confirm by docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Therefore designed vaccine construct V4 can be developed to control the host-pathogen interaction or infection caused by
A. baumannii
.
Journal Article
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) C677T Polymorphism and Alzheimer Disease Risk: a Meta-Analysis
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is key enzyme of folate/homocysteine pathway. Case control association studies on MTHFR C677T polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been repeatedly performed over the last two decades, but the results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of MTHFR C677T polymorphism for AD. Forty-one studies were identified by a search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and Springer Link databases, up to January 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using fixed effect model or random effect model. The subgroup analyses based on ethnicity were performed. MTHFR C677T polymorphism had a significant association with susceptibility to AD in all genetic models (for T vs C OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 1.07–1.56,
p
= 0.003; for TT + CT vs CC OR = 1.29, 95 % CI = 1.19–1.40,
p
= 0.0004; for TT vs CC OR = 1.31, 95 % CI = 1.16–1.48,
p
= 0.001; for CT vs CC OR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.13–1.35,
p
< 0.004; and for TT vs CT + CC OR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 1.00–1.28,
p
= 0.02). Results of present meta-analysis supported that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of AD.
Journal Article
Soil, not oil : climate change, peak oil and food insecurity
\"This book has become a classic of the environmental movement. In it, Vandana Shiva envisions a world beyond our current dependence on fossil fuels and globalization, and makes the compelling case that food crises, oil dependency and climate change are all inherently interlinked. Any attempt to solve one without addressing the others is therefore doomed to failure. Condemning industrial agriculture and biofuels as recipes for ecological and economic disaster, Shiva instead champions small independent farmers. What is needed most, in a time of hunger and changing climates, are sustainable, biologically diverse farms that are better able to resist disease, drought and flooding. Calling for a return to local economies and small-scale agriculture, Shiva argues that humanity's choice is a stark one: we can either continue to pursue a market-centred approach, which will ultimately make our planet unliveable, or we can instead strive for a people-centred, oil-free future, one which offers a decent living for all. This edition features a new introduction by the author, in which she outlines recent developments in ecology and environmentalism, and offers new prescriptions for the environmental movement\"--Back cover.
Book
Polymeric nanoparticles for targeted treatment in oncology: current insights
Chemotherapy, a major strategy for cancer treatment, lacks the specificity to localize the cancer therapeutics in the tumor site, thereby affecting normal healthy tissues and advocating toxic adverse effects. Nanotechnological intervention has greatly revolutionized the therapy of cancer by surmounting the current limitations in conventional chemotherapy, which include undesirable biodistribution, cancer cell drug resistance, and severe systemic side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) achieve preferential accumulation in the tumor site by virtue of their passive and ligand-based targeting mechanisms. Polymer-based nanomedicine, an arena that entails the use of polymeric NPs, polymer micelles, dendrimers, polymersomes, polyplexes, polymer-lipid hybrid systems, and polymer-drug/protein conjugates for improvement in efficacy of cancer therapeutics, has been widely explored. The broad scope for chemically modifying the polymer into desired construct makes it a versatile delivery system. Several polymer-based therapeutic NPs have been approved for clinical use. This review provides an insight into the advances in polymer-based targeted nanocarriers with focus on therapeutic aspects in the field of oncology.
Journal Article
