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"Varon, Alberto"
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Semiautomated 3D mapping of aneurysmal wall enhancement with 7T-MRI
Aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) after the administration of contrast gadolinium is a potential biomarker of unstable intracranial aneurysms. While most studies determine AWE subjectively, this study comprehensively quantified AWE in 3D imaging using a semi-automated method. Thirty patients with 33 unruptured intracranial aneurysms prospectively underwent high-resolution imaging with 7T-MRI. The signal intensity (SI) of the aneurysm wall was mapped and normalized to the pituitary stalk (PS) and corpus callosum (CC). The CC proved to be a more reliable normalizing structure in detecting contrast enhancement (p < 0.0001). 3D-heatmaps and histogram analysis of AWE were used to generate the following metrics: specific aneurysm wall enhancement (SAWE), general aneurysm wall enhancement (GAWE) and focal aneurysm wall enhancement (FAWE). GAWE was more accurate in detecting known morphological determinants of aneurysm instability such as size ≥ 7 mm (p = 0.049), size ratio (p = 0.01) and aspect ratio (p = 0.002). SAWE and FAWE were aneurysm specific metrics used to characterize enhancement patterns within the aneurysm wall and the distribution of enhancement along the aneurysm. Blebs were easily identified on 3D-heatmaps and were more enhancing than aneurysm sacs (p = 0.0017). 3D-AWE mapping may be a powerful objective tool in characterizing different biological processes of the aneurysm wall.
Journal Article
Sonic border raids: The racial acousmatic and contemporary Latinx opera
This essay analyzes two contemporary Latinx operas,
Cruzar la Cara de la Luna
(2010) and
Pancho Villa from a Safe Distance
(2016), to develop the “acousmatic” as a racialized form of listening. Acousmatic refers to a sound whose source is undetermined, a form of hearing without access to the source of the sound’s production. Contemporary Latinx opera stages a politicized form of acousmatic listening that forces an encounter with what is otherwise unheard, unseen, or refused. I develop this idea to unpack the relationships among race, sound, and performance in this sphere.
Journal Article
On Latinx Aliveness
If I may borrow from the Black studies scholar Kevin Quashie, the poetics of our project \"incline[s] toward capaciousness, yearning, possibility,\" an \"aliveness\" that connects the individual creative act to the community to which it contributes.1 Like Quashie, I use the term \"poetics\" expansively, a reference to the act of worldmaking as individually undertaken and yet also collective action. Amid a world beleaguered by precarity (both in us and of us, in our bodies and of the natural world that connects us), the pages and poetics herein create a space to breathe, to be together, to be refreshed by the act of creative imagining, of a future with uncertain arrival but ripe with potentiality. Alberto Varon is Associate Professor of English and Latino Studies and Director of the Latino Studies Program at Indiana University.
Journal Article