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Femtosecond light-induced phase transitions between different macroscopic orders provide the possibility to tune the functional properties of condensed matter on ultrafast timescales. In first-order phase transitions, transient non-equilibrium phases and inherent phase coexistence often preclude non-ambiguous detection of transition precursors and their temporal onset. Here, we present a study combining time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab-initio electron dynamics calculations elucidating the transient subpicosecond processes governing the photoinduced generation of ferromagnetic order in antiferromagnetic FeRh. The transient photoemission spectra are accounted for by assuming that not only the occupation of electronic states is modified during the photoexcitation process. Instead, the photo-generated non-thermal distribution of electrons modifies the electronic band structure. The ferromagnetic phase of FeRh, characterized by a minority band near the Fermi energy, is established 350 ± 30 fs after the laser excitation. Ab-initio calculations indicate that the phase transition is initiated by a photoinduced Rh-to-Fe charge transfer. In FeRh, it is possible to optically drive a phase transition between ferromagnetic (FM) and anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) ordering. Here, using a combination of photoelectron spectroscopy and ab-initio calculations, the authors demonstrate the existence of a transient intermediate phase, explaining the delayed appearance of the FM phase.

Spin-dependent tunneling structures are widely used in many spintronic devices and sensors. This paper describes the magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) characteristics caused by the inhomogeneous magnetic field of ferromagnetic layers. The extremely oblate magnetic ellipsoids have been used to mimic these layers. The strong effect of an inhomogeneous magnetic field on the magnetoresistive layers’ interaction was demonstrated. The magnetostatic coupling coefficient is also calculated.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the review of the situation in Kuldja in the first half of the Russian domination there (1871–1876). Modern Russian historiography does not know the works that would describe the real measures of the Russian administration in this part of Russian possessions in Central Asia. Methods and materials. The article analyzes the main source – a note by N.N. Pantusov with information about Kuldja District. Regulatory acts on Russian governance in the area are used as additional sources. The comparative and critical analysis of sources is of interest. Analysis and Results. The Russian administration immediately outlined its main tasks: ensuring safety of the population, maintaining a civilian traditional way of life and governance, and equal rights for all local peoples. Destroying everything unprofitable for both states (Russia and China), the Russian administration refrained from fundamental innovations. The analysis of the sources carried out in the article allows to conclude that the Russian presence in the Ili region was temporary and even nominal indeed. The dispensing of the most fundamental articles of the Statute on the Governing of the Semirechenskaya and Syrdarya Provinces of 1867 to this district indicates the intention to facilitate the management of the new territory. And all the innovations indicate the presence of two trends. One of them was to form an attractive image of the Russian government. Another trend was aimed at spreading of all-Russian institutions to the district. Both of these trends demonstrate the intention of the representatives of the local Russian administration to keep Kuldja within the Russian Empire. The main source was published during the period of discussing the need to return the Ili region to China. However, there is no reason to argue that it was created for public announcement.

In this work, structural, elastic and thermal properties of the Laves phase Fe 2 Mo (λ-) with the C14-type structure existing in the Fe – Mo system have been investigated using the quantum mechanical calculations within the frame of the density functional theory (DFT). The equilibrium lattice parameters, atoms position coordinates and average magnetic moment of atoms were calculated. The five independent elastic constants of the strain tensor were calculated by imposing small strains on the crystal lattice. Polycrystalline elastic parameters: bulk modulus (B), shear modulus (G), Young’s modulus (E), and Poisson’s ratio ( v ) were obtained by using the Voigt-Reuss-Hill (VRH) approximation. An assessment of anisotropy of elastic properties was carried out. The Debye temperature and anisotropic sound velocities were predicted. The calculated results were analyzed. The obtained results are useful to improve the understanding of the physical and chemical nature of the Fe 2 Mo phase.

Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25347-3, published online 24 August 2021In the authors final submission, the Supplementary Information was uploaded as a ZIP file, containing a non-compliable TeX file, rather than in PDF or word document. The Supplementary movies referred to within the text were not included in the final version as part of the Supplementary Information ZIP file.The attached files are the correct versions of the Supplementary Information and Supplementary movies referred to in the text, contained in the attached ZIP file and contain no changes.

The influence of the addition of Bi to the dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As on its electronic structure as well as on its magnetic and structural properties has been studied. Epitaxial (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) layers of high structural perfection have been grown using low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy. Post-growth annealing of the samples improves their structural and magnetic properties and increases the hole concentration in the layers. Hard X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy reveals a strongly dispersing band in the Mn-doped layers, which crosses the Fermi energy and is caused by the high concentration of Mn-induced itinerant holes located in the valence band. An increased density of states near the Fermi level is attributed to additional localized Mn states. In addition to a decrease in the chemical potential with increasing Mn doping, we find significant changes in the valence band caused by the incorporation of a small atomic fraction of Bi atoms. The spin–orbit split-off band is shifted to higher binding energies, which is inconsistent with the impurity band model of the band structure in (Ga,Mn)As. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and modulation photoreflectance spectroscopy results confirm the valence band modifications in the investigated layers.

Background: Placental cadherin (CDH3) is an adhesion molecule expressed in many malignant tumors. The role of serum CDH3 in atherosclerosis is unclear. Methods: This 3-year follow-up study measured atherosclerosis and serum CDH3 in 218 angiography inpatients. Coronary stenosis was assessed as the Gensini score. The brachiocephalic and femoral plaques were quantified by ultrasound. Microarray serum profiling was conducted in selected samples. CDH3 in the serum was measured using an indirect ELISA. The odds ratio (OR), ROC analysis, and logistic regressions were used to evaluate the associations between CDH3 content, atherosclerotic lesions, and various serum biomarkers. Results: Serum CDH3 was associated with the severity of atherosclerosis and diastolic blood pressure. The levels of CDH3 were able to discriminate patients with total subclinical and hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic lesions in all circulation pools (coronary, brachiocephalic, and femoral). Elevated serum CDH3 appeared to be a risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes after 3-year follow up with OR = 1.81 (95% CI: 1.07–3.72; p = 0.022). Endothelin-1 and NOx were associated with the content of CDH3 in the serum, suggesting the involvement of certain signal transduction pathways that may participate in plaque formation. Conclusions: CDH3 was associated with cardiovascular outcomes adjusted for coronary plaque presence, indicating a role of CDH3 in plaque biology.

Background: The current approaches to distinguish follicular adenomas (FA) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) at the pre-operative stage have low predictive value. Liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) presents a promising diagnostic method. However, the extreme heterogeneity of plasma EV population hampers the development of new diagnostic tests. We hypothesize that the isolation of EVs with thyroid-specific surface molecules followed by miRNA analysis, may have improved diagnostic potency. Methods: The total population of EVs was isolated from the plasma of patients with FA (n = 30) and FTC (n = 30). Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)-positive EVs were isolated from the total populations using immune-beads. The miRNA from the TPO(+)EVs obtained from the plasma of FA and FTC patients was assayed by RT-PCR. The diagnostic potency of the selected miRNAs was estimated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: TPO(+)EVs can be efficiently isolated by immunobeads. The analysis of Let-7 family members in TPO(+)EVs allows one to distinguish FA and FTC with high accuracy (area under curve defined by ROC = 0.77–0.84). Conclusion: The isolation of TPO(+)EVs, followed by RT-qPCR analysis of Let-7 family members, may present a helpful approach to manage follicular nodules in the thyroid gland.

Photoelectron diffraction (PED) is a powerful technique for resolving surface structures with sub-angstrom precision. At high photon energies, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) reveals PED effects, often challenged by small cross-sections, momentum transfer, and phonon scattering. X-ray PED (XPD) is not only an advantageous approach but also exhibits unexpected effects. We present a PED implementation for the spin-polarized relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (SPRKKR) package to disentangle them, employing multiple scattering theory and a one-step photoemission model. Unlike conventional real-space approaches, our method uses a k-space formulation via the layer-KKR method, offering efficient and accurate calculations across a wide energy range (20-8000 eV) without angular momentum or cluster size convergence issues. Additionally, the alloy analogy model enables simulations of finite-temperature XPD and effects in soft/hard X-ray ARPES. Applications include modeling circular dichroism in angular distributions (CDAD) in core-level photoemission of Si(100) 2p and Ge(100) 3p, excited by 6000 eV photons with circular polarization.

To compare endocrine characteristics of endometrial cancer (EC) patients based on recent molecular EC types classification. A total of 234 treatment-naive EC patients as well their tumors were studied. Patients with mutations demonstrated tendency to lower body mass index (BMI) and higher serum estradiol. Patients with p53 overexpression were older and had higher diabetes incidence. In the without characteristic molecular profile group there was no difference in fasting serum insulin, estradiol and testosterone levels between women with BMI ≥30.0 and <30.0. The mismatch repair deficient group patients had a tendency toward later menarche compared with the without characteristic molecular profile group one. Studied endocrine characteristics are associated with BMI or tumor molecular-biological type that might be relevant to EC genesis, course and prognosis.