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Paul Flicek and colleagues provide an update on the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA), a service of the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) and the Center for Genome Regulation (CRG). The authors describe the EGA policies and infrastructure, how access decisions are made, methods for data submission and future plans for expansion of this database. The European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) is a permanent archive that promotes the distribution and sharing of genetic and phenotypic data consented for specific approved uses but not fully open, public distribution. The EGA follows strict protocols for information management, data storage, security and dissemination. Authorized access to the data is managed in partnership with the data-providing organizations. The EGA includes major reference data collections for human genetics research.

The 1000 Genomes Project was launched as one of the largest distributed data collection and analysis projects ever undertaken in biology. In addition to the primary scientific goals of creating both a deep catalog of human genetic variation and extensive methods to accurately discover and characterize variation using new sequencing technologies, the project makes all of its data publicly available. Members of the project data coordination center have developed and deployed several tools to enable widespread data access.

Many advanced nuclear reactor designs are susceptible to thermal fatigue damage caused by thermal striping, which presently accepted modeling and design tools are unable to accurately or reliably predict. Advanced reactors are vital in achieving netzero carbon electricity production and thus developing design tools that can predict thermal striping is essential. Any new design tool used in the nuclear industry must be validated against experimental data sets to ensure that results predicted by these methods are sufficiently accurate. The STRUCT- Computational Fluid Dynamics model was used to aid the development of a dedicated thermal striping experiment that will later be used to help validate the capabilities of various models.The STRUCT- model provided the ability to conduct turbulence resolving simulations at a speed conducive to rapid iteration of the design of the DESTROJER test facility. To further increase confidence in the model’s applicability to the test cases, two LES runs were completed and demonstrate the ability to capture flow unsteadiness with a Computation Fluid Dynamic model. However, in both test cases the STRUCT- model exaggerates the behavior seen in the LES runs; over predicting temperature oscillations in one case and the flow asymmetry in the other. The STRUCT- model’s potential to predict asymmetric configurations provides promising further applications of the model. Future studies of STRUCT- should seek to better understand the model’s performance in asymmetric flow cases to further support experimental design and the assessment of complex operating configurations.

For the last seven decades, cleaning symbiosis in the marine environment has been a research field of intrigue. There is substantial evidence that, by removing undesired items from their client fishes, cleaner organisms have positive ecosystem effects. These include increased fish recruitment, abundance and enhanced fish growth. However, the intimate association and high frequency of interactions between cleaners and clients potentially facilitates pathogen transmission and disease spread. In this review, we identify knowledge gaps and develop novel hypotheses on the interrelationship between parasites, hosts and the environment (disease triangle concept), with a particular emphasis on the potential role of cleaner organisms as hosts and/or transmitters of parasites. Despite evidence supporting the positive effects of cleaner organisms, we propose the cleaners as transmitters hypothesis; that some parasites may benefit from facilitated transmission to cleaners during cleaning interactions, or may use cleaner organisms as transmitters to infect a wider diversity and number of hosts. This cost of cleaning interactions has not been previously accounted for in cleaning theory. We also propose the parasite hotspot hypothesis; that parasite infection pressure may be higher around cleaning stations, thus presenting a conundrum for the infected client with respect to cleaning frequency and duration. The impact of a changing environment, particularly climate stressors on cleaners’ performance and clients’ cleaning demand are only beginning to be explored. It can be expected that cleaners, hosts/clients, and parasites will be impacted in different ways by anthropogenic changes which may disrupt the long-term stability of cleaning symbiosis.

IN this spiritual memoir about his friendship with Fred Rogers, the luminous sage of children's television, Tim Madigan comes awfully close to calling Mister Rogers a second Christ.

One night in 2012, ROBERT BALES --a soldier who joined the Army right after 9/11--gunned down 16 men, women, and children in their homes in rural Afghanistan. It was the most notorious American wartime atrocity in decades, a tragedy about which he has never spoken. Now, for the first time, Bales explains how he could do something so unimaginable--and how that one long night was actually ten violent years in the making.

The capital of Rhode Island has always punched above its weight in terms of smarts and creativity. But lately Providence has added a few new bullet points to its résumé-- like a celebrated food scene and a high-style party hotel-- that cement its rep as the coolest city you haven't been to. Yet.