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The substantial clinical burden and disability after stroke injury urges the need to explore therapeutic solutions. Recent compelling evidence supports that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain and is amenable to regulation in both physiological and pathological situations. Its ability to generate new neurons implies a potential to contribute to recovery after brain injury. However, post-stroke neurogenic response may have different functional consequences. On the one hand, the capacity of newborn neurons to replenish the damaged tissue may be limited. In addition, aberrant forms of neurogenesis have been identified in several insult settings. All these data suggest that adult neurogenesis is at a crossroads between the physiological and the pathological regulation of the neurological function in the injured central nervous system (CNS). Given the complexity of the CNS together with its interaction with the periphery, we ultimately lack in-depth understanding of the key cell types, cell–cell interactions, and molecular pathways involved in the neurogenic response after brain damage and their positive or otherwise deleterious impact. Here we will review the evidence on the stroke-induced neurogenic response and on its potential repercussions on functional outcome. First, we will briefly describe subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis after stroke beside the main evidence supporting its positive role on functional restoration after stroke. Then, we will focus on hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) neurogenesis due to the relevance of hippocampus in cognitive functions; we will outline compelling evidence that supports that, after stroke, SGZ neurogenesis may adopt a maladaptive plasticity response further contributing to the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of specific steps in the neurogenic cascade that might ameliorate brain malfunctioning and the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment in the chronic phase.

Background: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is altered after cerebral ischemia. Although stroke increases newborn neuron production, many cells show aberrant morphology and positioning that may impair integration and contribute to cognitive decline. It remains unclear whether these alterations are conserved across focal ischemia paradigms. We aimed to define shared and model-specific features of hippocampal neurogenesis across stroke models. Methods: We performed a multi-center, multimodel analysis within the STROKE-IMPaCT consortium using permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO): distal MCAO by ligation or cauterization under normoxia (dMCAO) or hypoxia (dMCAO+Hypoxia), and filament-based tMCAO. Adult C57BL/6J mouse brains were collected 3 days, 7 days, or 2 months after ischemia, sham, or naive conditions. Hippocampal proliferation (Ki67) and neuroblast density (DCX) were quantified, and newborn neuron maturation assessed by high-resolution analyses of dendritic architecture and somatodendritic polarity. Analyses were blinded. Results: Across all models, ischemia induced a robust bilateral increase in hippocampal proliferation, highest at 3 days and still elevated at 7 days, returning to baseline by 2 months. Neuroblast density similarly increased at 7 days, particularly ipsilaterally, but normalized by 2 months. Despite recovery in cell number, long-term analysis revealed reduced apical dendrite length and more neurons with aberrant features including ectopic localization, multipolar or inverted polarity, and abnormal lateral growth. These abnormalities were consistent across sites and within each model. Conclusions: Ischemia induces an early, transient increase in hippocampal neurogenesis across diverse stroke paradigms, but newborn neurons consistently display maladaptive morphological features. Aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis is therefore a robust hallmark of post-stroke pathology, independent of ischemia type or surgical approach. These findings support the concept that impaired neuronal integration may contribute to chronic post-stroke cognitive decline and highlight the need to consider the quality, not only the quantity, of newborn neurons in therapeutic strategies.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.

To evaluate the level of stress induced by the tongue inspection method during cysticercosis diagnosis in pigs at 60 and 90 kg, 27 animals were assigned to one of three experimental groups. In the first group (T1), pigs were held with a snout noose. In addition, animals in T2 were subjected to tongue inspection, while in T0, none of the procedures described above were performed. Resistance to be handled and serum cortisol concentration were higher ( P  < 0.05) than those from T0 in T1 and T2 groups, for 60- and 90-kg pigs. Time to return to the feeder observed the same pattern than previous variables in 60-kg pigs, but T1 and T0 were similar ( P  > 0.05) for the heavier animals. T2 did not build up a significant amount of stress with respect to T1, where only more ( P  > 0.05) vocalizations were emitted by 90-kg pigs. It was concluded that the use of snout noose induces major changes in some behavioral and physiological measures of stress in swine, while the opening of the mouth including tongue inspection does not contribute significantly to this effect.

Por su parte, directivos de cambios de Banca Mifel explicaron que no se registro una demanda real de divisas, sino mas bien una especulacion ante la salida de bancos para cubrir posiciones cortas. Ernesto O'Farril, director de Bursametrica, senalo que el anuncio de la privatizacion de solo el 49 por ciento de la petroquimica secundaria influyo en los resultados del mercado financiero, sin embargo, aclaro que solo fue un factor mas que se sumo al entorno. Preciso que ocurrio un ajuste natural de los mercados. La baja en la Bolsa, enfatizo, es una anticipacion al alza en las tasas. Sube dolar...y presiona tasas Dolar interbancario 48 horasTasas secundarias de Cetes FECHAFECHA 24-sep7.52724-sep22.15 27-sep7.54427-sep22.55 2-oct7.5222-oct22.55 8-oct7.5498-oct21.50 9-oct7.5909-oct21.80 10-oct7.62010-oct23.00 11-oct7.68511-oct22.85 14-oct7.74014-oct23.40 Fuente:Infosel FTab Descriptores: Primera Pagina Ttabla Nota principal

En una sesion con fuerte demanda de extranjeros por la incertidumbre ante la caida en los precios del petroleo, el dolar toco maximos de 8.68 pesos, mientras, las tasas de interes se cotizaban en niveles de 18.70 por ciento. \"El dolar abrio en 8.67 pesos, con fuerte demanda, pero al mediodia con el anuncio de Banxico, las instituciones soltaron dolares y lo regresaron a los 8.59 pesos\", dijo un operador. Banxico senalo que la crisis asiatica y la caida del precio del petroleo han significado una contraccion del flujo de divisas hacia Mexico, lo que ha redundado en un mayor deficit en la balanza comercial y en un tipo de cambio mas alto.

Ante la volatilidad de los mercados financieros por la depreciacion del peso frente al dolar, el Banco de Mexico (Banxico) cambio ayer de neutral a restrictiva la politica monetaria, y aplico lo que se conoce como un \"corto\" de 20 millones de pesos. El impacto de la medida, que no se aplicaba desde 1996, logro frenar el avance del dolar y las tasas de fondeo sufrieron una alza de 2.7 puntos porcentuales. Sin embargo, tendera a frenar la inflacion que, para algunos, ya se habia desviado de la meta de 12 por ciento anual proyectada por el Gobierno para 1998. El anuncio de Banxico tuvo de inmediato un efecto positivo en los mercados financieros. Freno la especulacion y permitio al dolar finalizar en 8.59 pesos, una reduccion de 6 centavos.

MEXICO.- Ante la volatilidad de los mercados financieros por la depreciacion del Peso registrada en las ultimas semanas, Banco de Mexico decidio ayer aplicar medidas tendientes a reducir la especulacion contra el Peso. Banxico ajusto, de neutral a restrictiva, su postura de politica monetaria, aplicando lo que se conoce en el mercado financiero como un \"corto\" de 20 millones de pesos. El impacto de la medida, que no se aplicaba desde 1996, se traducira en aumento de las tasas de interes, pero con ello se frena la presion sobre el tipo de cambio, lo que permitira mantener bajo control la inflacion, y alcanzar la meta del 12 por ciento, programada para este ano.

Ante la volatilidad de los mercados financieros por la depreciacion del peso frente al dolar, el Banco de Mexico (Banxico) cambio ayer de neutral a restrictiva la politica monetaria, y aplico lo que se conoce como un \"corto\" de 20 millones de pesos. El impacto de la medida, que no se aplicaba desde 1996, logro frenar el avance del dolar y las tasas de fondeo sufrieron una alza de 2.7 puntos porcentuales. Sin embargo, tendera a frenar la inflacion que, para algunos, ya se habia desviado de la meta de 12 por ciento anual proyectada por el Gobierno para 1998. En una sesion cambiaria con fuerte demanda de extranjeros por la incertidumbre ante la caida en los precios del petroleo, el dolar toco maximos de 8.68 pesos, mientras las tasas de interes se cotizaban en niveles de 18.70 por ciento.

  \"El mercado financiero reacciono positivamente al Tercer Informe debido a la capacidad de negociacion entre los partidos y el PRI\", dijo Sergio Martin, economista en jefe de Casa de Bolsa ING Baring, aunque Hector Chavez, economista en jefe de Santander Investment, considero que la reaccion positiva no fue atribuida en su totalidad al Informe. Para Roberto del Cueto, vicepresidente de la Asociacion de Banqueros de Mexico, sera necesario lograr que la \"Politica Economica de Estado\" a la que se refirio [Ernesto] Zedillo permita gobernar: \"Lo importante es no optar por formulas que en el pasado han demostrado no ser eficaces y que nos alejaron del crecimiento. No es valido querer cambiar por el solo hecho de cambiar\". \"El foro de debate del modelo economico al que se convoco se encamina a un consenso y aceptacion del modelo de libre mercado con responsabilidad social\", afirmo Gerardo Aranda Orozco, presidente de Coparmex, mientras que Carlos Gutierrez Ruiz, presidente de Canacintra, exhorto al PRD a definir cual es el modelo que demanda, \"ya que el cambio por el cambio suena a dogmatismo o fundamentalismo\".