Explore the vast range of titles available.

As new sources of energy and advanced technologies are used, there is a continuous evolution in energy supply, demand, and distribution. Advanced nuclear reactors and clean hydrogen have the opportunity to scale together and diversify the hydrogen production market away from fossil fuel-based production. Nevertheless, the technical uncertainties surrounding nuclear hydrogen processes necessitate thorough research and a solid development effort. This paper aims to position pink hydrogen for nuclear hydrogen production at the forefront of sustainable energy-related solutions by offering a comprehensive review of recent advancements in nuclear hydrogen production, covering both research endeavors and industrial applications. It delves into various pink hydrogen generation methodologies, elucidating their respective merits and challenges. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the evolving landscape of pink hydrogen in terms of its levelized cost by comparatively assessing different production pathways. By synthesizing insights from academic research and industrial practices, this paper provides valuable perspectives for stakeholders involved in shaping the future of nuclear hydrogen production.

The long-term global target of facilitating energy security and optimizing resource utilization while supporting the transition to sustainable energy systems has led the pathway towards regional cooperation in the context of energy infrastructures and trading. Recent trends highlight the development of transnational energy grids, pipelines, and renewable energy projects, facilitating efficient distribution of electricity, gas, and other energy forms. These advancements offer benefits such as increased reliability of energy supply, cost savings through shared resources, and strengthened relationships between countries. However, challenges persist, including regulatory differences, geopolitical tensions, alignment of market rules as well as substantial investment requirements in infrastructure and technology. Addressing these challenges necessitates harmonized policies, robust legal frameworks, and cooperative international governance, which are crucial for effective cross-border energy trading. The aim of the work is to present the current landscape as well as analyze the latest trends and developments in the dynamic field of electricity interconnectors, providing insights into its trajectory and implications for the European internal energy market.

The energy transition of Cyprus presents a distinctive case study influenced by its geographic isolation, regulatory evolution, and the imperative to integrate renewable energy sources (RESs). This paper critically examines the chronological progression of Cyprus’ energy transition, beginning with the formulation of a liberalized electricity market aligned with the European Union’s Target Model. The analysis explores key drivers underpinning increased RES investments, while addressing the transformative impacts of global disruptions on energy security and policy priorities. Furthermore, it assesses pivotal regulatory reforms and the advancement of enabling infrastructure, such as advanced metering systems and cross–border interconnections, which underpin the island’s energy modernization efforts. Finally, this paper identifies opportunities for Cyprus to position itself as a regional smart energy hub, offering valuable insights into the challenges and prospects faced by isolated energy systems within the context of the European energy transition.

Unlocking flexibility on the demand side is a prerequisite for balancing supply and demand in distribution networks with high penetration levels of renewable energy sources that lead to high volatility in energy prices. The main means of fully gaining access to the untapped flexibility is the application of demand response (DR) schemes through aggregation. Notwithstanding, to extract the utmost of this potential, a combination of performance-, financial-, and technical-related parameters should be considered, a balance rarely identified in the state of the art. The contribution of this work lies in the introduction of a holistic DR framework that refines the DR-related strategies of the aggregator towards optimum flexibility dispatch, while facilitating its cooperation with the distribution system operator (DSO). The backbone of the proposed DR framework is a novel constrained-objective optimisation function which minimises the aggregator’s costs through optimal segmentation of customer groups based on fairness and reliability aspects, while maintaining the distribution balance of the grid. The proposed DR framework is evaluated on a modified IEEE 33-Bus radial distribution system where a real DR event is successfully executed. The flexibility of the most fair, reliable and profitable sources, identified by the developed optimisation function, is dispatched in an interoperable and secure manner without interrupting the normal operation of the distribution grid.

Three load matching indicators (self-consumption rate, self-sufficiency rate, loss of load probability) and the CO2 emissions were evaluated for 55 Cypriot households with 3 kWp rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generators. The calculations were performed using 30-minute generation and consumption data from a large scale smart meter project in Cyprus. To investigate the effects of recent advances in local legislation, an analysis for higher PV capacities (5 kWp and 10 kWp) was also performed. The PV generation profiles for 5 kWp and 10 kWp PVs were obtained by scaling the 3 kWp PV generation profiles. The results showed that the self-consumption of the analyzed households varied seasonally, as it was related to their heating and cooling demand. More interestingly, the ratio between the households’ annual electricity generation and demand, formally defined here as generation-to-demand ratio (GTDR), was found to be related to the value ranges of the studied load matching indicators. Hence, on average, households with 3 kWp PV generators annually self-consumed 48.17% and exported 2,415.10 kWh of their PV generation. On the other hand, households with larger PV generators were characterized by a higher GTDR, but lower load matching capabilities. For the cases of 5 kWp and 10 kWp PV generators, the average self-consumption fell to 34.05% and 19.31%, while the exported PV generation was equal to 5,122.47 kWh, and 12,534.90 kWh, respectively. Along with lower load matching capabilities, households that generated more than they consumed were also found to have a lower potential for CO2 emissions reduction per installed kWp within the boundaries of the building. In this context, the GTDR could be used by stakeholders to characterize buildings, infer possible value ranges of more complex indicators and make evidence based decisions on policy and legislation.

The unprecedented energy crisis in the European Union (EU), driven by geopolitical tensions, volatile natural gas prices, and the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, has catalyzed significant structural and economic changes within the energy sector. This paper examines the crisis’ systemic impacts, emphasizing the sharp increases in energy prices and the volatility in electricity markets that highlighted the vulnerabilities of the existing market design. The undertaken analysis addresses critical market reforms, including the use of long–term instruments which are pivotal for mitigating market volatility and incentivizing renewable investments. The study also focuses on the evolving role of hydrogen as a key enabler of the energy transition, exploring its potential to decarbonize energy–intensive sectors and stabilize grids while fostering the development of a super smartgrid interconnecting Europe with North Africa and the Middle East. Such integration leverages complementary renewable resources across regions, enhancing energy security and reducing dependency on fossil fuels. By presenting actionable recommendations for policy and market design, this work contributes to the discourse on achieving a sustainable and resilient energy system in the EU, paving the way for a secure hydrogen economy and deeper transcontinental energy collaboration.

This chapter provides an overview of the effects of environmental and operational factors on the energy yield of photovoltaic (PV) systems; the levels of solar irradiance, temperature, spectrum, and soiling on the energy yield of PV systems are discussed within the context of previous research findings. In this context the focus is on the results obtained from the performance assessment of a number of grid-connected PV technologies that have been installed side-by-side under warm climatic conditions at a testing facility in Cyprus. Current research toward improvement of the accuracy of PV production modeling is illustrated, along with comparative analysis of the prediction accuracy.