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In Jean-Paul Sartre's Nausea , Antoine Roquentin is sick of the mendacity of all stories: the shapeliness of stories, he says, deceives us about what life is really like. Richard Moran argues that Roquentin's criticism of stories is empty because it gives us no sense of how a story could be true to life; and, so, no sense of how any story could be false. I argue that stories can be false even if everything they say is true; and that Sartre—and others—write from an antithetical experience: they confront us with a world coming out of chaos into only partial order. Their language is not a way of pinning reality down but of immersing us in the turbulence of experience.

My PhD looks at the relation between literature and moral life. Does great writing enrich me in some distinctive way? Is it the means to a better life or a clearer mind or some more enigmatic kind of spiritual adventure? Are its peculiar forms of intelligent vitality boosts to a wider vision of human possibility? These are the questions of the first chapter, \"Martha Nussbaum and Moral Attention.\" What is the relationship between writing and the truth? Was Plato right to banish the poets for their lack of truth? Or is to banish the poets to banish the world? In the second chapter, \"On Poetic Truth,\" I look at these questions in the context of discussions of metaphor and myth; comedy; banality and flattery, and the idea of poetry as a form of self-expansion. The third chapter, \"Stanley Cavell and the Evasion of Genius,\" looks at the concept of genius in relation to moral life. Cavell recharacterizes genius as a voice within me leading me beyond myself, out of the stasis of conformity, into a gamble with life. Genius here is seen as a dimension of the human as such, an attribute of each of us—rather than as the name for a certain class of exceptional human beings. I think of genius, along these lines, as the human transfiguration of the forces of nature: it is the name for the instinct in me which presses me to attain a new freshness of life and to live up to nature's standards of vitality and beauty, which I glimpse in privileged moments. To neglect or evade one's genius, as Nietzsche pretty much puts it, is to cease to exist: it is vegetation to the point of rottenness. Cavell also says that poetry and philosophy are internal to the pursuit of genius— they are my modes of self-creation. I become myself through the forms of being that they make possible. But what tensions exist between morality and this pursuit of genius? What do you have to endanger in order to come to life in this world? These are the questions of the third chapter. In each of these chapters, I pick one philosopher whose work gives my writing something like the shape of argument, or acts as a runway from which I launch into my own thoughts: in the first, Martha Nussbaum; in the second, Bernard Williams; Stanley Cavell in the third. Even at its most entertaining, its most fun, great writing speaks to me like the call to a vocation. My whole being is at stake: I live or die in language. Because of this the word \"literature\" often seems naff to me, as if already too domesticated, too compartmentalised. I prefer to say writing or poetry: the first I love because it evokes the labour of creation, the act of writing itself, in which my imagining mind become intimate with my whole body; the second I love because to my ears it speaks of a deep affection for language, one that connects us almost to the beginning of the world, the primordial songs that the first humans sang as expanded into a life of richer consciousness. I am a human—a speaking, thinking, playing, feeling thing. Poetry is my expansion in all these directions. My aim is to speak of this sense of its importance.

Dampening of interbrand as well intrabrand competition is often advanced to justify per se illegality of RPM. We analyze this argument in a context where rival manufacturers distribute their products through the same competing retailers. We show that RPM indeed limits the exercise of competition at both levels and can generate industry-wide monopoly pricing. The impact on prices depends on the extent of potential competition at either level as well as on the parties' influence in determining the terms of the contracts. Our analysis sheds a new light on ongoing legal developments and is supported by recent empirical studies.

A supplier is known to be subject to opportunism when contracting secretly with downstream competitors, particularly when downstream firms have \"passive beliefs.\" We stress that in many situations, an equilibrium with passive beliefs may not exist and passive beliefs appear less plausible than \"wary beliefs,\" introduced by McAfee and Schwartz (1994). We show that in a broad range of situations, equilibria with wary beliefs exist and reflect opportunism. Last, we confirm the insight, derived by O'Brien and Shaffer (1992) using a more ad hoc equilibrium concept, that resale price maintenance (RPM) eliminates the scope for opportunism.

We analyze the competitive effects of various contractual provisions in a situation where rival retailers make offers to a common manufacturer. In contrast to Marx and Shaffer (2007, Rand Journal of Economics, 38(3), 823–843), who find that a strong retailer can use slotting allowances (that is, upfront payments from manufacturers) to exclude its weaker rival, we show that foreclosure is no longer inevitable once retailers' offers can be contingent on the relationship being exclusive or not. There then exist equilibria that sustain the industry monopoly outcome; moreover, as long as retailers can use non-linear tariffs, such equilibria exist irrespectively of whether slotting allowances are allowed or banned. Non-contingent contracts, on the other hand, necessarily lead to exclusion, with or without slotting allowances. A ban on slotting allowances may therefore prove ineffective, while a ban on exclusive dealing options in supply contracts leads to foreclosure.

Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) is recognized as a precursor of breast cancer and its management (surgical excision or intensive follow-up) remains unclear after diagnosis on core needle biopsy (CNB). The aim of this study was to determine the underestimation rate of pure FEA on CNB and clinical, radiological, and pathological factors of underestimation. 4,062 CNBs from 5 breast cancer centers, performed over a 5-year period, were evaluated. A CNB diagnosis of pure FEA was made in 60 cases (1.5%) (the presence of atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular neoplasia, radial scars, phyllodes tumor, papillary lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma at CNB were exclusion criteria), and subsequent surgical excision was systematically performed. The histological diagnosis was retrospectively reviewed using standardized criteria and the precise terminology of the World Health Organization by two pathologist physicians. At surgical excision, 6 (10%) ductal carcinoma in situ and 2 (3%) invasive carcinoma were diagnosed. The total underestimation rate was 13%. FEA was associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia in 10 (17%) cases and with lobular neoplasia in 2 (3%) at final pathology. Residual FEA was found in 14 (23%) cases. No clinical, radiological or pathological factors were significantly associated with underestimation. Our data highlight the importance of recognizing and diagnosing FEA in core needle biopsies. Thus, the presence of FEA on CNB, even in isolation, warrants follow-up excision.

Objectives To identify biomarkers of renal disease in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to compare findings in adults with T1D. Methods Twenty‐five serum biomarkers were measured, using a Luminex platform, in 553 adolescents (median [interquartile range] age: 13.9 [12.6, 15.2] years), recruited to the Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio‐Renal Intervention Trial. Associations with baseline and final estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), rapid decliner and rapid increaser phenotypes (eGFR slopes <−3 and > 3 mL/min/1.73m2/year, respectively), and albumin‐creatinine ratio (ACR) were assessed. Results were also compared with those obtained in 859 adults (age: 55.5 [46.1, 64.4) years) from the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Type 1 Bioresource. Results In the adolescent cohort, baseline eGFR was negatively associated with trefoil factor‐3, cystatin C, and beta‐2 microglobulin (B2M) (B coefficient[95%CI]: −0.19 [−0.27, −0.12], P = 7.0 × 10−7; −0.18 [−0.26, −0.11], P = 5.1 × 10−6; −0.12 [−0.20, −0.05], P = 1.6 × 10−3), in addition to clinical covariates. Final eGFR was negatively associated with osteopontin (−0.21 [−0.28, −0.14], P = 2.3 × 10−8) and cystatin C (−0.16 [−0.22, −0.09], P = 1.6 × 10−6). Rapid decliner phenotype was associated with osteopontin (OR: 1.83 [1.42, 2.41], P = 7.3 × 10−6), whereas rapid increaser phenotype was associated with fibroblast growth factor‐23 (FGF‐23) (1.59 [1.23, 2.04], P = 2.6 × 10−4). ACR was not associated with any of the biomarkers. In the adult cohort similar associations with eGFR were found; however, several additional biomarkers were associated with eGFR and ACR. Conclusions In this young population with T1D and high rates of hyperfiltration, osteopontin was the most consistent biomarker associated with prospective changes in eGFR. FGF‐23 was associated with eGFR increases, whereas trefoil factor‐3, cystatin C, and B2M were associated with baseline eGFR.

Among 15 patients with relapsed ALCL after the failure of brentuximab vedotin therapy, the ALK inhibitor brigatinib led to a complete response in 73%, and progression-free survival at 2 years was 73%.

Flat epithelial atypia (FEA) is recognized as a precursor of breast cancer and its management (surgical excision or intensive follow-up) remains unclear after diagnosis on core needle biopsy (CNB). The aim of this study was to determine the underestimation rate of pure FEA on CNB and clinical, radiological, and pathological factors of underestimation. 4,062 CNBs from 5 breast cancer centers, performed over a 5-year period, were evaluated. A CNB diagnosis of pure FEA was made in 60 cases (1.5%) (the presence of atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular neoplasia, radial scars, phyllodes tumor, papillary lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma at CNB were exclusion criteria), and subsequent surgical excision was systematically performed. The histological diagnosis was retrospectively reviewed using standardized criteria and the precise terminology of the World Health Organization by two pathologist physicians. At surgical excision, 6 (10%) ductal carcinoma in situ and 2 (3%) invasive carcinoma were diagnosed. The total underestimation rate was 13%. FEA was associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia in 10 (17%) cases and with lobular neoplasia in 2 (3%) at final pathology. Residual FEA was found in 14 (23%) cases. No clinical, radiological or pathological factors were significantly associated with underestimation. Our data highlight the importance of recognizing and diagnosing FEA in core needle biopsies. Thus, the presence of FEA on CNB, even in isolation, warrants follow-up excision. Keywords Breast cancer * Core needle biopsy * Flat epithelial atypia * Surgical excision