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At the present time, talc is the one of the agents most commonly used for the production of a pleurodesis. However, there have been several recent reports of acute pneumonitis developing after the intrapleural administration of talc. The incidence of pneumonitis has varied markedly from center to center. To compare the physical characteristics of talc used for the production of pleurodesis in various localities. Eight talc preparations (four from the United States, and one each from Brazil, France, Spain, and Taiwan) were analyzed for the distribution of the particle size and the type and amount of impurities. The physical characteristics of the talc specimens were determined using radiograph diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The mean and median particle size varied by more than a factor of three among the eight different talc preparations. In addition, the impurities of the different talc preparations were quite varied. We conclude that there is marked variation in the physical characteristics of the talc preparations used intrapleurally for the production of a pleurodesis. We speculate that different incidences of acute pneumonitis at various centers after intrapleural administration of talc may be due to differences in the physical characteristics of the talc preparations used for pleurodesis.

To describe the injury incidence according to each phase of menstrual cycle (MC) in professional futsal players along two consecutive season and, secondly, to compare the injury incidence and frequency between different phases of the MC. Prospective cohort study. Elite futsal players. 179 players. Players were registered along two consecutive seasons. 191 injuries were reported throughout both seasons. The injury incidence was 30.63 days-off during the follicular phase, 23.6 during ovulatory phase and 17.59 days-off in luteal phase, showing higher incidence during the follicular phase. No statistical differences (p > 0.05) were reported for any variable comparing among the three phases of MC. This study suggests the relevance to track the MC, but reduces its possible relationship or influence on the injury distribution during each phase of the MC. The knowledge of injury incidence, burden and etiology is a key factor to design injury prevention programs with the focus on the most common injuries, where MC could be included as a complementary factor. •Injury incidence and injury burden did not show statistical differences among follicular, ovulatory and luteal phases.•Two of each three sprains happened during the follicular phase.•No differences in injury incidence were shown in variables like: type of session, day of week or phase of session.

La Gimnasia Rítmica es un deporte en el que el rendimiento en la competición se rige por criterios especificados en el código de puntuación y depende de cuatro componentes: dificultad corporal, dificultad de aparato, ejecución artística y ejecución técnica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar cuál de estos componentes es el más significativo en el rendimiento en un ejercicio individual y si el nivel de la competición, la categoría (edad de las gimnastas), o el aparato con el que se realiza el ejercicio, modifica su comportamiento. Para la realización del estudio se contó con las puntuaciones obtenidas en 2378 ejercicios de competición individual, pertenecientes a tres niveles de rendimiento distintos, y a cuatro categorías de edad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas, la correlación de Pearson para determinar la asociación entre las diferentes variables, y un análisis de regresión lineal simple para conocer la magnitud de los efectos de las variables sobre la nota final. Los resultados encontrados indican que los componentes más importantes en la composición de los ejercicios para obtener una puntuación más alta fueron, primer lugar la nota de dificultad de aparato, después la nota de dificultad corporal y en tercer lugar la nota de ejecución técnica, siendo casi irrelevante la nota de ejecución artística. Atendiendo a estos resultados, las estrategias de entrenamiento deberían dirigirse hacia la exploración del potencial de las gimnastas en las dificultades de aparato, así como optimizar la composición de los ejercicios en función de este componente. Palabras clave: gimnasia rítmica, análisis del rendimiento, código de puntuación, ejercicios individuales. Abstract.  Rhythmic Gymnastics is a sport in which competition performance is governed by criteria specified in the scoring code and depends on four components: body difficulty, apparatus difficulty, artistic execution and technical execution. The objective of the present study was to identify which of these components is the most significant in the performance in an individual exercise and if the level of the competition, the category (age of the gymnasts), or the apparatus with which the exercise is performed, modify their behavior. To carry out the study, the scores obtained in 2378 individual competition exercises were used, belonging to 3 different performance levels, and to four age categories. A descriptive analysis of the studied variables was carried out, the Pearson correlation to determine the association between the different variables, and a simple linear regression analysis to know the magnitude of the effects of the variables on the final grade. The results found indicate that the most important components in the composition of the exercises to obtain a higher score were, firstly, the apparatus difficulty score, then the body difficulty score, and in third place the technical execution score, being almost the note of artistic execution is irrelevant. Based on these results, training strategies should be directed towards exploring the gymnasts potential in apparatus difficulties, as well as optimizing the composition of the exercises based on this component. Key words: rhythmic gymnastics, performance analysis, code of points, individual exercises.

The aims of this study were to describe the external and internal workloads in a professional female futsal team during a whole season and to compare workloads during different periods of the season. Ten professional female futsal players (age 22.8 ± 4.3 years; 5.1 ± 2.4 years of experience; weight 61.9 ± 7.1 kg; height 1.66 ± 0.06 m) participated voluntarily in this study during the whole season. The internal workload was measured by the session-Rate of perceived exertion (session-RPE) method, while the external workload was indirectly measured by considering the training and match volume and the type of contents of each session over 43 weeks. Mean sRPE throughout the season was 319.9 ± 127.1 arbitrary units (AU). Higher internal loads (total weekly training load and strain) were reported during the pre-season compared with the in-season mesocycles (p < 0.05); meanwhile, the fifth to eighth mesocycles of the in-season showed an oscillatory pattern. Finally, Monday was the most-demanding session during the in-season period over the Thursday (p < 0.05; effect size: 1.33) followed by match day, meanwhile no statistical differences were reported during different sessions of the pre-season microcycle (p > 0.05). This study suggests that microcycles of pre-season present a stable load pattern, meanwhile workloads during the in-season period report a tapering strategy in a professional female futsal team.

Rhythmic Gymnastics is a sport in which competition performance is governed by criteria specified in the scoring code and depends on four components: body difficulty, apparatus difficulty, artistic execution and technical execution. The objective of the present study was to identify which of these components is the most significant in the performance in an individual exercise and if the level of the competition, the category (age of the gymnasts), or the apparatus with which the exercise is performed, modify their behavior. To carry out the study, the scores obtained in 2378 individual competition exercises were used, belonging to 3 different performance levels, and to four age categories. A descriptive analysis of the studied variables was carried out, the Pearson correlation to determine the association between the different variables, and a simple linear regression analysis to know the magnitude of the effects of the variables on the final grade. The results found indicate that the most important components in the composition of the exercises to obtain a higher score were, firstly, the apparatus difficulty score, then the body difficulty score, and in third place the technical execution score, being almost the note of artistic execution is irrelevant. Based on these results, training strategies should be directed towards exploring the gymnasts potential in apparatus difficulties, as well as optimizing the composition of the exercises based on this component. La Gimnasia Rítmica es un deporte en el que el rendimiento en la competición se rige por criterios especificados en el código de puntuación y depende de cuatro componentes: dificultad corporal, dificultad de aparato, ejecución artística y ejecución técnica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar cuál de estos componentes es el más significativo en el rendimiento en un ejercicio individual y si el nivel de la competición, la categoría (edad de las gimnastas), o el aparato con el que se realiza el ejercicio, modifica su comportamiento. Para la realización del estudio se contó con las puntuaciones obtenidas en 2378 ejercicios de competición individual, pertenecientes a tres niveles de rendimiento distintos, y a cuatro categorías de edad. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables estudiadas, la correlación de Pearson para determinar la asociación entre las diferentes variables, y un análisis de regresión lineal simple para conocer la magnitud de los efectos de las variables sobre la nota final. Los resultados encontrados indican que los componentes más importantes en la composición de los ejercicios para obtener una puntuación más alta fueron, primer lugar la nota de dificultad de aparato, después la nota de dificultad corporal y en tercer lugar la nota de ejecución técnica, siendo casi irrelevante la nota de ejecución artística. Atendiendo a estos resultados, las estrategias de entrenamiento deberían dirigirse hacia la exploración del potencial de las gimnastas en las dificultades de aparato, así como optimizar la composición de los ejercicios en función de este componente.

El objetivo de este estudio fue doble: (i) describir la opinión del alumnado hacia la escuela, la Educación Física (EF) y la actividad física (AF) teniendo en cuenta el género y, (ii) caracterizar al alumnado en función de la valoración de la Educación Física y de las variables percepción de cualidades atléticas, práctica de las amistades, competencia física percibida y género. Participaron en este estudio 1273 alumnos y alumnas (48.9% de chicos, 51.1 % de chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 10 y los 18 años, de 26 centros de educación primaria y secundaria de Galicia. Como técnica de recogida de datos se utilizó el cuestionario denominado “Cuestionario internacional sobre el estilo de vida de los alumnos” validado por Marques (2010). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de cluster. Los resultados sugieren una actitud positiva del alumnado hacia la EF, encontrándose diferencias significativas por género (p < .01). Cuanto más positiva es la actitud hacia esta, mayor es la práctica de AF. Los resultados nos permiten mejorar la intervención en la escuela y en la EF así como los programas de formación inicial y permanente del profesorado, incorporando competencias necesarias para la promoción de estilos de vida activos y saludables.Abstract: The aim of this study was twofold: (i) to describe the opinion of the students towards school, Physical Education and physical activity differentiating by gender (ii) to characterize the students according to their assessment of physical education and the following variables: perception of athletic qualities, friendships practice, perceived physical competence and gender. The sample consist 1273 students (48.9% boys, 51.1% girls), aged between 10 and 18 years, from 26 primary and secondary schools of Galicia. Data was collected by a questionnaire, named “International questionnaire on the students' lifestyle” validated by Marques (2010).  Data were analyzed using descriptive and cluster analysis. Overall, the results suggest a positive attitude of the students towards physical education, significant gender differences were found (p <.01). The more positive the attitude towards physical education, the more physical activity is practiced. The results allow us to improve the intervention in school and in the Physical Education and initial training programs and could be use on permanent formation program, incorporating necessary competences in order to promote active and healthy lifestyle.

In soccer, understanding of collective tactical behavior has become an integral part in sports analysis at elite levels. Evolution of technology allows collection of increasingly larger and more specific data sets related to sport activities in cost-effective and accessible manner. All this information is minutely scrutinized by thousands of analysis around the globe in search for answers that can, in the long-term, help increase the performance of individuals or teams in their respective competitions. It is proven that visualization and computer-vision techniques, correctly applied to the context of a problem, help data analysis focus on the relevant information at each stage of the process, and generally lead to a better understanding of the facts that lie behind the data. In this study, Peñas et al demonstrate that including visual analysis techniques in sports group behavior analysis can produce both high quality results and a satisfactory experience with the computer at the same time.