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Introduction: Untreated severe renal disease can be fatal, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) is often essential for survival. However, access to RRT can be limited by resource constraints, particularly in emergency or austere settings. There is a critical need for portable, cost-effective, and efficient medical devices capable of delivering RRT. This case report describes the first-in-human use of the “Kirpa Kit procedure,” a manual dialysis device designed to provide RRT when conventional dialysis resources are unavailable or overwhelmed. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old previously healthy male presented with a gunshot wound to the left leg, resulting in significant vascular injury and hemorrhagic shock requiring surgical intervention. Postoperatively, the patient remained intubated and hemodynamically unstable, developing stage 3 acute kidney injury necessitating continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Due to further deterioration and the need for amputation, the patient was confined to the operating room (OR), where CRRT could not be performed. Given the patient’s anuria and fluid overload, the nephrology team assessed the patient and determined he was a suitable candidate for manual dialysis using the Kirpa Kit™, with ultrafiltration (UF) as the primary objective for fluid removal. A total of 600 mL of UF was safely removed (UF rate of 600 mL/h), and the patient demonstrated both clinical and ultrasonographic improvement. Notably, portal vein pulsatility decreased from 38% to 31% following the procedure, indicating a reduction in fluid overload. The patient’s vital signs remained stable throughout. Conclusion: The Kirpa Kit procedure was successfully and safely used to manage fluid overload in a critically ill patient, demonstrating its potential as an emergency dialysis device for bridging patients with renal emergencies to standard RRT in resource-limited environments. Further studies are needed to evaluate the device’s broader applications and limitations.

Lager yeasts are limited to a few strains worldwide, imposing restrictions on flavour and aroma diversity and hindering our understanding of the complex evolutionary mechanisms during yeast domestication. The recent finding of diverse S . eubayanus lineages from Patagonia offers potential for generating new lager yeasts with different flavour profiles. Here, we leverage the natural genetic diversity of S . eubayanus and expand the lager yeast repertoire by including three distinct Patagonian S . eubayanus lineages. We used experimental evolution and selection on desirable traits to enhance the fermentation profiles of novel S . cerevisiae x S . eubayanus hybrids. Our analyses reveal an intricate interplay of pre-existing diversity, selection on species-specific mitochondria, de-novo mutations, and gene copy variations in sugar metabolism genes, resulting in high ethanol production and unique aroma profiles. Hybrids with S . eubayanus mitochondria exhibited greater evolutionary potential and superior fitness post-evolution, analogous to commercial lager hybrids. Using genome-wide screens of the parental subgenomes, we identified genetic changes in IRA2 , IMA1 , and MALX genes that influence maltose metabolism, and increase glycolytic flux and sugar consumption in the evolved hybrids. Functional validation and transcriptome analyses confirmed increased maltose-related gene expression, influencing greater maltotriose consumption in evolved hybrids. This study demonstrates the potential for generating industrially viable lager yeast hybrids from wild Patagonian strains. Our hybridization, evolution, and mitochondrial selection approach produced hybrids with high fermentation capacity and expands lager beer brewing options.

Leptospirosis is a globally significant zoonosis affecting animal health, productivity, and the environment. While typically associated with tropical climates, its persistence in semi-arid regions such as La Laguna, Mexico—characterized by low humidity, high temperatures, and limited water sources—remains poorly understood. Although these adverse environmental conditions theoretically limit the survival of Leptospira, high livestock density and synanthropic reservoirs (e.g., rodents) may compensate, facilitating transmission. In this cross-sectional study, blood sera from 445 dairy cows (28 herds: 12 intensive [MI], 16 semi-intensive [MSI] systems) were analyzed via microscopic agglutination testing (MAT) against 10 pathogenic serovars. Urine samples were cultured for active Leptospira detection. Risk factors were assessed through epidemiological surveys and multivariable analysis. This study revealed an overall apparent seroprevalence of 27.0% (95% CI: 22.8–31.1), with significantly higher rates in MSI (54.1%) versus MI (12.2%) herds (p < 0.001) and an estimated true seroprevalence of 56.3% (95% CI: 50.2–62.1) in MSI and 13.1% (95% CI: 8.5–18.7) in MI herds (p < 0.001). The Sejroe serogroup was isolated from urine in both systems, confirming active circulation. In MI herds, rodent presence (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.6–7.9) was identified as a risk factor for Leptospira seropositivity, while first-trimester abortions (OR:10.1; 95% CI: 4.2–24.2) were significantly associated with infection. In MSI herds, risk factors associated with Leptospira seropositivity included co-occurrence with hens (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5–5.3) and natural breeding (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1–3.9), whereas mastitis/agalactiae (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.5–5.2) represented a clinical outcome associated with seropositivity. Despite semi-arid conditions, Leptospira maintains transmission in La Laguna, particularly in semi-intensive systems. The coexistence of adapted (Sejroe) and incidental serogroups underscores the need for targeted interventions, such as rodent control in MI systems and poultry management in MSI systems, to mitigate both zoonotic and economic impacts.

Background/Objectives: The management of early breast cancer (BC) includes surgery, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy. However, the influence of these interventions in metabolic reprogramming remains unknown. This study explored alterations in the plasma metabolome of BC patients following distinct treatments to deepen our understanding of BC pathophysiology, outcomes, and the identification of potential biomarkers. Methods: We included 52 women diagnosed with BC and candidates for surgery as primary oncological treatment. Blood samples were collected at diagnosis, two weeks post-surgery, and one month post-radiotherapy. Plasma samples from 49 healthy women served as controls. Targeted metabolomics assessed 74 metabolites spanning carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, nucleotide pathways, energy metabolism, and xenobiotic biodegradation. Results: Before treatment, the BC patients exhibited notable changes in carbohydrate, nucleotide, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. We noticed a gradual restoration of specific metabolite levels (hypoxanthine, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, xylonic acid, and maltose) throughout different treatments, suggesting a normalization of the nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. Moreover, we observed increased dodecanoic acid concentrations, a metabolite associated with cancer protection. These variations distinguished patients from controls with high specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions: Our preliminary study suggests that oncological treatments modify the metabolism of patients towards a favorable profile with a decrease in the pathways that favor cell proliferation and an increase in the levels of anticancer molecules. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of metabolomics in recognizing the biological pathways influenced by each cancer treatment and the resulting metabolic consequences. Furthermore, it aids in identifying potential biomarkers for disease onset and progression.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for over 85% of cases and poor prognosis in advanced stages. This study explored shifts in circulating metabolite levels in NSCLC patients versus healthy controls and examined the effects of conventionally fractionated radiation therapy (CFRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We enrolled 91 NSCLC patients (38 CFRT and 53 SBRT) and 40 healthy controls. Plasma metabolite levels were assessed using semi-targeted metabolomics, revealing 32 elevated and 18 reduced metabolites in patients. Key discriminatory metabolites included ethylmalonic acid, maltose, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, taurine, glutamic acid, glycocolic acid, and d-arabinose, with a combined Receiver Operating Characteristics curve indicating perfect discrimination between patients and controls. CFRT and SBRT affected different metabolites, but both changes suggested a partial normalization of energy and amino acid metabolism pathways. In conclusion, metabolomics identified distinct metabolic signatures in NSCLC patients with potential as diagnostic biomarkers. The differing metabolic responses to CFRT and SBRT reflect their unique therapeutic impacts, underscoring the utility of this technique in enhancing NSCLC diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

This report presents phenotypic and genetic data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and representative carbapenemases-producing Gram-negative species in Mexico. A total of 52 centers participated, 43 hospital-based laboratories and 9 external laboratories. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance data for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in selected clinical specimens from January 1 to March 31, 2020 was analyzed using the WHONET 5.6 platform. The following clinical isolates recovered from selected specimens were included: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ESBL or carbapenem-resistant E. coli, and K. pneumoniae, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii complex, and P. aeruginosa. Strains were genotyped to detect ESBL and/or carbapenemase-encoding genes. Among blood isolates, A. baumannii complex showed more than 68% resistance for all antibiotics tested, and among Enterobacteria, E. cloacae complex showed higher resistance to carbapenems. A. baumannii complex showed a higher resistance pattern for respiratory specimens, with only amikacin having a resistance lower than 70%. Among K. pneumoniae isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 68.79%, 72.3%, and 91.9% of isolates, respectively. Among E. coli isolates, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were detected in 20.8%, 4.53%, and 85.7% isolates, respectively. For both species, the most frequent genotype was blaCTX-M-15. Among Enterobacteriaceae, the most frequently detected carbapenemase-encoding gene was blaNDM-1 (81.5%), followed by blaOXA-232 (14.8%) and blaoxa-181(7.4%), in A. baumannii was blaOXA-24 (76%) and in P. aeruginosa, was blaIMP (25.3%), followed by blaGES and blaVIM (13.1% each). Our study reports that NDM-1 is the most frequent carbapenemase-encoding gene in Mexico in Enterobacteriaceae with the circulation of the oxacillinase genes 181 and 232. KPC, in contrast to other countries in Latin America and the USA, is a rare occurrence. Additionally, a high circulation of ESBL blaCTX-M-15 exists in both E. coli and K. pneumoniae.

The mango fruit cv. ‘Ataulfo’ niño is an underdeveloped fruit that has a split on the back and a pronounced peak, and among the current total supply of commercialized mangoes cv. ‘Ataulfo’, approximately 2% are classified as ‘Ataulfo’ niño, which are strongly infested by Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Anastrepha obliqua Mcquart. The objective of this study was to determine the tolerance to 150-Gy generic irradiation for fruit flies of the Anastrepha genus in comparison to the development of a hot water treatment (HWT) as phytosanitary treatments for mango fruits cv. ‘Ataulfo’ niño infested by A. ludens and A. obliqua. The results indicated that both treatments were effective; 150-Gy irradiation and HWT at 46.3–47°C for 51 min did not result in significant effects on the external and internal color, total sugar content, firmness, pH, or weight. The sensorial quality described by the appearance, flavor, color, and odor did not show any significant differences between treatments. For both A. ludens and A. obliqua, the third larval instar was the most thermotolerant. The efficacy test was conducted with an immersion time of 47 min. A. ludens did not survive, but for A. obliqua, three larvae out of a total of 6,890 did survive and pupate. Consequently, the confirmatory test consisted of submerging mangoes infested with third-instar A. ludens and A. obliqua in water at 46.3–47°C for 51 min. In total, 67,392 A. ludens and 22,086 A. obliqua larvae were treated, and no surviving larvae were observed.