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If any country is interested in high scientific results, it should have highly motivated and satisfied researchers. The purpose of this study is to establish the national characteristics and differences in motivation and job satisfaction of researchers in two developed European countries – France and Norway. The management schools of French and Norwegian universities were chosen for this study. A five-stage research methodology, including surveys, in-depth interviews, and statistical testing, was used to test four hypotheses. According to the vast majority (16 out of 20) of motivators considered, the average scores in Norway are higher than in France. Only four motivators are exceptions, namely challenging work, interesting work, job security, and social benefits, for which the French are somewhat better motivated. In general, French researchers have lower job satisfaction than their Norwegian colleagues. The only exception is the dissatisfaction of Norwegian senior researchers with their professional learning conditions. The considered case study proves that each European country, having its own system of incentives and working conditions, provides different levels of satisfaction for different researchers working there. The results will allow one to improve national incentive systems by benchmarking and adopting best practices within the continent. AcknowledgmentsThe authors acknowledge: the COST Action CA19117 – Researcher Mental Health (ReMO) for short-term scientific mission grant and supporting this study; academic staff of observed universities for participating in the survey; and the Hauge School of Management of the NLA University College (Kristiansand, Norway) for supporting this publication.

Religious affiliation is one of the indicators of the internal personality and spirituality of an employee. Although it can increase organizational effectiveness through motivation and job satisfaction, managers have not yet implemented this indicator in their work for various reasons. The purpose of this study is to test whether religious affiliation has a significant effect on the motivation and job satisfaction of faculty members at management schools in Norwegian and French higher education institutions. A survey of 96 academic workers was conducted in the spring of 2023. The results were examined using a one-way ANOVA test. The findings revealed a significant disparity in motivation and job satisfaction among academics of different religious affiliations. Only 10% of the considered motivators turned out to be significantly equal for all surveyed academic workers, while the majority showed a significant difference. Representatives of Western religions and atheists in general are significantly less motivated and satisfied with their work than representatives of Eastern religions. Significant differences were also found between representatives of various Eastern religions, indicating the impact of religion on the motivation and job satisfaction of academic workers. These findings provide an opportunity for university management to better motivate and satisfy academic staff based on their religious affiliations. When forming the teams to perform work tasks, managers can consider these findings to achieve better interaction and quality and improve organizational effectiveness.

Managing skills is at the core of Human Resources Management. Based on previous literature and realized with researchers from Magellan, the Research Center in Management of iaeLyon, Skills Management examines how skills can be analyzed at the individual and collective levels, and investigates the focus on different types of skills – including technical, soft, learning, leadership and emotional skills. The book examines how skills management is applied in various contexts and for various populations, cultures and profiles, with examples ranging from middle managers having to develop organizational skills in a changing environment, to engineers having to develop soft skills beyond their technical skills; from police officers developing emotional skills, to the new skills that are needed when a hospital introduces a new approach to shared leadership. In the concluding chapter, this book also investigates how it is sometimes difficult to focus on skills development when organization needs are focused on flexibility.

Managing skills is at the core of Human Resources Management. Based on previous literature and realized with researchers from Magellan, the Research Center in Management of iaeLyon, Skills Management examines how skills can be analyzed at the individual and collective levels, and investigates the focus on different types of skills - including technical, soft, learning, leadership and emotional skills. The book examines how skills management is applied in various contexts and for various populations, cultures and profiles, with examples ranging from middle managers having to develop organizational skills in a changing environment, to engineers having to develop soft skills beyond their technical skills; from police officers developing emotional skills, to the new skills that are needed when a hospital introduces a new approach to shared leadership. In the concluding chapter, this book also investigates how it is sometimes difficult to focus on skills development when organization needs are focused on flexibility.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine whether the pandemic affects the motivation and job satisfaction of university researchers as a whole and by their separate groups by gender, age, academic position (career stage) and degree.Design/methodology/approachThe authors studied French universities for changes in motivation and job satisfaction among researchers under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, two hypotheses were tested, using the one-way ANOVA parametric test and the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric statistical test with the data collected during the in-depth interviews and surveys with university researchers from the Paris Diderot University and Jean Moulin University of Lyon III in 2019 and 2021.FindingsThere were found significant differences between changes in motivation and job satisfaction of respondent groups by gender, career stage and scientific degrees. All these differences in changes confirm hypothesis about the significant impact of the pandemic on certain motivators and elements of job satisfaction of various groups of university researchers. The study showed that pandemic restrictions and fears positively affect the motivation and job satisfaction of the younger generation of researchers and males, and negatively on the older generation and female researchers. During the pandemic, early-stage researchers are mostly unhappy only with the salary and the lack of teaching skills. While experienced and senior researchers do not have time to fulfill all their duties due to overload by a combination of different forms of teaching, many teaching hours, administrative duties and mastering new communication tools.Research limitations/implicationsThe results capture the selective impact of pandemic restrictions, its physical and mental effects on academic staff. Although only two universities in a single country were considered, the findings show the heterogeneity of the perception of new (pandemic) working conditions by different groups of university workers. If such heterogeneity is revealed in the example of two universities, then it is very likely to be observable also in broader studies.Practical implicationsThe results of this study can help university administrations, higher education regulators and national research agencies address the needs of all groups of researchers, alleviating the most acute restrictions and fears caused by the pandemic and providing the necessary incentives for relevant groups, e.g. higher salary, teaching school and awards for young researchers and a lower teaching loading for experienced and senior researchers.Originality/valueThis is the first study that define pandemic impact on motivation and job satisfaction of university researchers in France.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyse recent changes in the management of French public hospitals, following a reform enacted in 2009 and aimed at bolstering the managerial roles of doctors. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is exploratory and is based on both the analysis of French literature dealing with the results of the 2009 reform, and ten semi-directed interviews with clinical managers and top leaders in the public hospital sector. Findings - The author reports on the major hospital management reforms of 2009 and analyse the implications for the medical profession and management. The author shows that the involvement of the classical clinical leaders has become less regulated as the units no longer have a clear legal basis. The governance of the newly introduced 'medical poles' appears to be shaped by various factors: there is high correlation between centrality, prestige and 'clan involvement', which suggests that professionals holding new responsibilities obtain power and legitimacy by consolidating pre-existing networks. While it is often argued that high-quality clinical leadership is a key factor of organisational success, the findings suggest that the performance of clinical managers relies on this network and legitimacy acquired from it. Originality/value - Drawing on the 'sociology of translation' and actor-network theory (Callon and Latour, 1991), this paper provides a new conceptual framework for the analysis of the transformation of the role of clinical leaders, arguing that this transformation depends highly on their abilities to build and use networks. The findings challenge the French tradition of public management that presupposes a clear division of power between doctors and administrative staff. Adapted from the source document.

Purpose – The perpose of this paper is to analyse recent changes in the management of French public hospitals, following a reform enacted in 2009 and aimed at bolstering the managerial roles of doctors. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is exploratory and is based on both the analysis of French literature dealing with the results of the 2009 reform, and ten semi-directed interviews with clinical managers and top leaders in the public hospital sector. Findings – The author reports on the major hospital management reforms of 2009 and analyse the implications for the medical profession and management. The author shows that the involvement of the classical clinical leaders has become less regulated as the units no longer have a clear legal basis. The governance of the newly introduced “medical poles” appears to be shaped by various factors: there is high correlation between centrality, prestige and “clan involvement”, which suggests that professionals holding new responsibilities obtain power and legitimacy by consolidating pre-existing networks. While it is often argued that high-quality clinical leadership is a key factor of organisational success, the findings suggest that the performance of clinical managers relies on this network and legitimacy acquired from it. Originality/value – Drawing on the “sociology of translation” and actor-network theory (Callon and Latour, 1991), this paper provides a new conceptual framework for the analysis of the transformation of the role of clinical leaders, arguing that this transformation depends highly on their abilities to build and use networks. The findings challenge the French tradition of public management that presupposes a clear division of power between doctors and administrative staff.

Au coeur de la gestion des ressources humaines, le management des compétences reste un sujet d'actualité, loin d'être épuisé, fondamental pour le renouvellement des pratiques et le besoin d'adaptation des entreprises. Mais c'est également un exercice contextualisé.C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire d'analyser les contextes spécifiques des organisations afin de comprendre et d'améliorer les compétences individuelles et collectives, techniques, humaines, d'apprentissage ou de leadership, et ce dans des environnements organisationnels très variés.Par des exemples concrets, Management des compétencesétudie le cas des cadres intermédiaires de PME ou d'établissements de santé qui doivent acquérir de nouvelles compétences face à l'évolution du type de leadership, mais également celui des ingénieurs qui doivent développer des compétences humaines à côté de leurs compétences techniques, ou encore celui des policiers qui doivent étendre leurs compétences émotionnelles.

Au coeur de la gestion des ressources humaines, le management des compétences reste un sujet d'actualité, loin d'être épuisé, fondamental pour le renouvellement des pratiques et le besoin d'adaptation des entreprises. Mais c'est également un exercice contextualisé.C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire d'analyser les contextes spécifiques des organisations afin de comprendre et d'améliorer les compétences individuelles et collectives, techniques, humaines, d'apprentissage ou de leadership, et ce dans des environnements organisationnels très variés.Par des exemples concrets, Management des compétencesétudie le cas des cadres intermédiaires de PME ou d'établissements de santé qui doivent acquérir de nouvelles compétences face à l'évolution du type de leadership, mais également celui des ingénieurs qui doivent développer des compétences humaines à côté de leurs compétences techniques, ou encore celui des policiers qui doivent étendre leurs compétences émotionnelles.

Nous cherchons à comprendre les effets de l’art-thérapie, exercée avec les patients en soins palliatifs en oncologie, sur la qualité de vie au travail (QVT) des personnels soignants. Nous l’étudions dans la perspective de la clinique de l’activité, i.e. , de la qualité du travail, en étudiant comment l’art-thérapie contribue à l’organisation du dialogue sur la qualité du travail et au développement du pouvoir d’agir des soignants dans un contexte hospitalier contraint.Nous menons une enquête dans un service de médecine palliative en cancérologie, avec trois modes de collecte de données (entretiens, focus group et observations).L’art-thérapie s’inscrit dans un dispositif de soin en participant à la transformation de l’environnement du travail, de la relation avec les patients, et de l’organisation coordonnée du travail du soin. Cela participe d’un mouvement dialogique, éthique et esthétique permettant de soigner le travail du soin et les soignants par le développement de leur pouvoir d’agir. We seek to understand the effects of art therapy, practiced with palliative care patients in oncology, on the quality of worklife of caregivers. We study it from the perspective of the clinic of activity, i.e. the quality of work by studying how art therapy contributes to the organization of the dialogue on the quality of work and to the development of caregivers’ pouvoir d’agir (power to act) in a constrained hospital context.We carry an inquiry in a palliative cancer care center, with three modes of data collection (interviews, focus group, and observations).Art therapy forms part of a care system by participating in the transformation of the work environment, of the caregivers-patients relationship, and of the coordinated organization of care. It contributes to a dialogical, ethical, and aesthetic movement, making it possible to heal the work of care and the caregivers by developing their pouvoir d’agir .