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يقدم هذا الكتاب وصفة سحرية تجمع بشكل متوازن بين سعي الإنسان إلى تحقيق ثروة مادية وتنمية ثرائه الروحي في آن واحد، يعرضها مؤلف هذا الكتاب. وهو مؤلف الكتاب الأكثر مبيعا \"Zero Limits\" يهدف هذا الكتاب إلى إيقاظ ضمائر فئة جديدة من المليونيرات حتى ينعموا بالروحانية والإنسانية والشغف والازدهار وفي هذا الكتاب، يقدم المؤلف خطوات ملموسة لتحقيق سعة العيش لسد احتياجاتك في الحياة عن طريق قيامك بما تحب عمله.

Geological sources of H 2 and abiotic CH 4 have had a critical role in the evolution of our planet and the development of life and sustainability of the deep subsurface biosphere. Yet the origins of these sources are largely unconstrained. Hydration of mantle rocks, or serpentinization, is widely recognized to produce H 2 and favour the abiotic genesis of CH 4 in shallow settings. However, deeper sources of H 2 and abiotic CH 4 are missing from current models, which mainly invoke more oxidized fluids at convergent margins. Here we combine data from exhumed subduction zone high-pressure rocks and thermodynamic modelling to show that deep serpentinization (40–80 km) generates significant amounts of H 2 and abiotic CH 4 , as well as H 2 S and NH 3 . Our results suggest that subduction, worldwide, hosts large sources of deep H 2 and abiotic CH 4 , potentially providing energy to the overlying subsurface biosphere in the forearc regions of convergent margins. Geological sources of H 2 and abiotic CH 4 have had a critical role in the evolution of life and sustainability of the deep subsurface biosphere, yet the origins of these sources remain largely unconstrained. Here the authors show that deep serpentinization (40–80 km) during subduction generates significant amounts of H 2 and abiotic CH 4 , potentially providing energy to the overlying subsurface biosphere.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for future electronics due to their excellent electrical and photonic properties. Although promising results on the wafer-scale synthesis (≤150 mm diameter) of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) have already been reported, the high-quality synthesis of 2D materials on wafers of 200 mm or larger, which are typically used in commercial silicon foundries, remains difficult. The back-end-of-line (BEOL) integration of directly grown 2D materials on silicon complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuits is also unavailable due to the high thermal budget required, which far exceeds the limits of silicon BEOL integration (<400 °C). This high temperature forces the use of challenging transfer processes, which tend to introduce defects and contamination to both the 2D materials and the BEOL circuits. Here we report a low-thermal-budget synthesis method (growth temperature < 300 °C, growth time ≤ 60 min) for monolayer MoS 2 films, which enables the 2D material to be synthesized at a temperature below the precursor decomposition temperature and grown directly on silicon CMOS circuits without requiring any transfer process. We designed a metal–organic chemical vapour deposition reactor to separate the low-temperature growth region from the high-temperature chalcogenide-precursor-decomposition region. We obtain monolayer MoS 2 with electrical uniformity on 200 mm wafers, as well as a high material quality with an electron mobility of ~35.9 cm 2  V −1  s −1 . Finally, we demonstrate a silicon-CMOS-compatible BEOL fabrication process flow for MoS 2 transistors; the performance of these silicon devices shows negligible degradation (current variation < 0.5%, threshold voltage shift < 20 mV). We believe that this is an important step towards monolithic 3D integration for future electronics. Monolayer MoS 2 is grown at the back end of the line of 200 mm silicon CMOS wafers at a temperature of <300 °C, and hybrid silicon CMOS/MoS 2 circuits are demonstrated through heterogeneous integration.

Ocean sediments consist mainly of calcium carbonate and organic matter (phytoplankton debris). Once subducted, some carbon is removed from the slab and returns to the atmosphere as CO 2 in arc magmas. Its isotopic signature is thought to reflect the bulk fraction of inorganic (carbonate) and organic (graphitic) carbon in the sedimentary source. Here we challenge this assumption by experimentally investigating model sediments composed of 13 C-CaCO 3  +  12 C-graphite interacting with water at pressure, temperature and redox conditions of an average slab–mantle interface beneath arcs. We show that oxidative dissolution of graphite is the main process controlling the production of CO 2 , and its isotopic composition reflects the CO 2 /CaCO 3 rather than the bulk graphite/CaCO 3 (i.e., organic/inorganic carbon) fraction. We provide a mathematical model to relate the arc CO 2 isotopic signature with the fluid–rock ratios and the redox state in force in its subarc source. The carbon isotopic signature of CO 2 released from marine sediments subducted beneath volcanic arcs does not reflect their organic/inorganic fraction, but instead the fluid-rock ratios and the redox conditions in force at the top of the slab.

The metamorphic belt of northern New Caledonia represents one of the best-exposed example of fossil Pacific-type subduction zone and a worldwide reference for high-pressure (H P ) metamorphism and metamorphic mineral isograds, marked by a gradual evolution from very low-grade lawsonite-bearing to high-grade epidote-bearing eclogite assemblages. Despite the general agreement on the progressive increase in metamorphism, open debates hinge on the tectonic meaning of such mineral isograds, either interpreted as fossilized continuous metamorphic gradients or as major tectonic discontinuities. We present a new and extensive metamorphic dataset acquired by means of Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material and pseudosection modeling. Additional PT estimates were also obtained via traditional thermobarometry. Our dataset indicates the occurrence of two tectonometamorphic domains characterized by distinct patterns and significantly modifies the past tectonic interpretation of the H P terranes. The first domain, rich in metasediments, shows a continuous metamorphic gradient starting at ~300 °C and ~0.8 GPa and reaching the blueschist-eclogite transition at 500–520 °C and ~1.8 GPa and is only locally cut by minor tectonic breaks. The second one, rich in metaophiolites, shows a rather constant metamorphism at 520–550 °C and ~2.4 GPa. The two terranes are separated by a conspicuous pressure gap (0.6 GPa, or ~20 km), but no temperature gap exists. We therefore interpret the metamorphic mineral isograds in the blueschist, metasediment-rich unit as a continuous prograde metamorphic gradient corresponding to ~35 km of accreted material (in a cold subduction zone favoring lawsonite stability) later affected by a factor of two decompressional thinning. Only the epidote isograd, which localized strain as a result of fluid release during decompression, reflects regional reequilibrations. Importantly, no significant tectonic break affects the regional distribution of the classical mineral isograds, and the most significant metamorphic break is best depicted by a lithological contrast (metasediment-rich vs. metamafic/ultramafic-rich domains). Comparable patterns are observed in Tethyan-type orogens like the Western Alps or Corsica. This contribution provides useful insights into the mechanisms of exhumation and stacking of H P terrains and mountain building of both Pacific and Tethyan orogenic belts.

Within the United States, there is a deficit of Geriatricians providing care for older adults, and this deficit will only grow as the population continues to age, meaning all clinicians, particularly Internal Medicine (IM) and Family Medicine (FM) trained physicians, will provide the bulk of primary care for older adults. However, geriatric training requirements for clinicians fall short, and in the case of IM were reduced as of 2022. Serving as a call to action, this article provides insight on ways to enhance geriatric education for all graduate medical trainees, utilizing both conventional teaching and newer, non-traditional media, such as national online journal clubs, podcasts, and online teaching curricula, as well as expanding sites of training to include evidence-based models of care, such as the Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE). Providing geriatric education improves care for older adults and our future selves, ensuring trainees are prepared to care and advocate for this diverse and often vulnerable population.

Nonvolatile photonic integrated circuits employing phase change materials have relied either on optical switching with precise multi-level control but poor scalability or electrical switching with seamless integration and scalability but mostly limited to a binary response. The main limitation of the latter is relying on stochastic nucleation, since its random nature hinders the repeatability of multi-level states. Here, we show engineered waveguide-integrated microheaters to achieve precise spatial control of the temperature profile (i.e., hotspot) and, thus, switch deterministic areas of an embedded phase change material. We experimentally demonstrate this concept using a variety of foundry-processed doped-silicon microheaters on a silicon-on-insulator platform featuring Sb 2 Se 3 or Ge 2 Sb 2 Se 4 Te and achieve 27 cycles with 7 repeatable levels each. We further characterize the microheaters’ response using Transient Thermoreflectance Imaging. Our microstructure engineering concept demonstrates the evasive repeatable multi-levels employing a single microheater device, which is necessary for robust and energy-efficient reprogrammable phase change photonics in analog processing and computing. Stochastic nucleation prevents the repeatable multi-level response of phase change materials in integrated photonics. Here the authors circumvent this issue with a method using deterministic amorphization via spatially controlled microheater hotspots.

Serpentinization is among the most important, and ubiquitous, geological processes in crustal–upper mantle conditions (<6 GPa, <600°C), altering the rheology of rocks and producing H2 that can sustain life. While observations are available to quantify serpentinization in terrestrial and mid‐ocean ridge environments, measurements within subduction zone environments are far more sparse. To overcome this difficulty, we design a methodology to quantify and offer a first‐order estimate of the magnitude of “slab‐serpentinization” that has occurred over the last 5 Ma within the world's subduction zones by coupling four discrete tectonic and geophysical datasets—(a) raster grids of relic abyssal peridotite (peridotite exhumed from slow spreading mid‐ocean ridges but unaffected by pre‐subduction serpentinization) within ocean basins, (b) slab geometry, (c) thermal profiles and a (d) plate‐tectonic model. Averaged per year, our results suggest that 4.2–24 • 107 kg of H2 per annum could be generated from “slab‐serpentinization” within a subduction zone. Our estimate is 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than what is thought to be produced at mid‐ocean ridges, and 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than what could occur through serpentinization at trench flexure and when including possible mantle wedge serpentinization. Higher hydrogen production is correlated most strongly with the spreading history of ocean basins, underlaying the importance of the tectonic history of a slab prior to subduction. Plain Language Summary The fate of most ocean crust formed at mid‐ocean ridges is to eventually subduct and be recycled into the mantle. Subduction zones therefore represent a key link between the rocks we see at the surface of the Earth, both in oceans and continents, and the underlaying mantle. However, subduction zones are impossible to observe directly and therefore difficult to fully understand the processes that shape them. Here, we designed a framework that coupled a series of discrete data sets to model how the composition of each subducting slab across the globe differs in order to provide an accurate estimate of “slab‐serpentinization.” Serpentinization is the process that converts mantle rocks to serpentinite through exposure to water. A by‐product of this process is the formation of hydrogen gas. Using our framework, we estimated bulk fluxes of serpentinization in subducting slabs, and the corresponding flux of hydrogen. Key Points First‐order estimate of the gross flux of “slab‐serpentinization” and the resulting (possible) hydrogen production (4.2–24 • 107 kg of H2 per annum) Seafloor spreading history and ocean basin evolution (prior to subduction) impart the strongest control on slab‐serpentinization possibility

Vitality Forms (VFs) constitute the dynamic essence of human actions, providing insights into how individuals engage in activities. The ability to perceive and express VFs during interpersonal interactions is pivotal for understanding others’ intentions, behaviors, and fostering effective social communication. Despite their ubiquity in all actions, research exploring the role of VFs in neurodivergent conditions related to social and communicative skills, particularly in autism, remains limited. This study aims to investigate the expression of different VFs during the execution of both social and non-social actions in children with an Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) in comparison to neurotypical children (NT). ASC children and NT children were asked to move a small bottle either towards a target point (non-social context) or moving it towards a receiver (social context) with different VFs specifically neutral, gentle, or rude. Videotaped tasks were subsequently analyzed to study kinematic parameters characterizing VFs. Our results highlighted three main findings: (1) overall, ASC children are able to tune the motor profile of their actions, effectively conveying both gentle and rude VFs; (2) distinct kinematic parameters in the execution of VFs are able to distinguish autistic children from NT children; (3) the social context significantly influences the child’s ability to express positive and negative VFs in autism. Taken together, these findings provide new insights to understand how VFs contribute to the complex dynamics of social communication in neurodivergent autistic children, providing a valuable contribution for future interventions and support strategies.

Background:Still’s disease is an inflammatory disorder typically manifesting with fever, arthritis, and skin rash affecting both children and adults, formerly known as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult-onset Still’s disease, and burdened by life-threatening complications [1,2].Objectives:To evaluate the clinical usefulness of systemic score in the prediction of life-threatening evolution in patients with Still’s disease. To assess the clinical relevance of each component of the systemic score in predicting the life-threatening evolution and to derive clinical patient subset.Methods:A multicentre, observational, prospective study was built considering patients included in GIRRCS (Gruppo Italiano Di Ricerca in Reumatologia Clinica e Sperimentale) AOSD-study group and AIDA (AutoInflammatory Disease Alliance) Network Still’s Disease Registry if specific variables for the derivation of systemic score were available assessing its predictive role on the emergence of a life-threatening evolution, defined as the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and/or mortality whichever the clinical course.Results:597 patients with Still’s disease were assessed (age 36.6 ± 17.3 years, male sex 44.4%). Among them, 84 patients had a paediatric disease onset. Patients were mainly characterised by fever (100%), joint involvement (87.9%), and skin rash (66.1%). Liver involvement was recognised in 43.5% of patients, MAS in 13.1%, and lung disease in 6.9%. A mortality rate of 3.4% was registered due to Still’s disease related deaths. The systemic score resulted a significant predictor of patient life-threatening evolution OR:1.24, 95%CI:1.07-1.42, p=0.004) adjusting the model for age, male sex, inflammatory markers, and ferritin. The systemic score ≥ 7 also significantly predicted the likelihood of life-threatening evolution in assessed patients (OR:3.36, 95%CI:1.81-6.25, p<0.001). The risk profile assessment was performed on the life-threatening evolution in regard to the clinical variables exploited to calculate the systemic score. An age- and male sex-adjusted multivariate logistic regression model was built accordingly; liver involvement (OR: 1.68, 95%CI:1.48-2.67, p=0.031) and lung disease (OR:2.12, 95%CI:1.14-4.49, p=0.042) independently predicted patient life-threatening evolution. After that the clinical characteristics of patients with liver involvement and lung disease were derived. Patients with liver involvement were significantly characterised by lymph-adenomegaly (OR:1.80, 95%CI: 1.29-2.51, p=0.001), splenomegaly (OR:5.37, 95%CI: 3.74-7.72, p<0.0001), pericarditis (OR:2.01, 95%CI: 1.29-3.13, p=0.001) and pleuritis (OR:2.43, 95%CI: 1.55-3.80, p=0.001). Patients with liver involvement were burdened by lung disease (OR:2.15, 95%CI:1.12-4.11, p=0.018). Assessing patients with lung disease, they were significantly characterised by sore throat (OR:2.52, 95%CI:1.21-5.24, p=0.010), lymph-adenomegaly (OR:2.32, 95%CI:1.17-4.57, p=0.013), splenomegaly (OR:2.02, 95%CI:1.07-3.83, p=0.028), and liver involvement (OR:2.14, 95%CI:1.12-4.11, p=0.019). Furthermore, patients with lung disease showed an enhanced frequency of pericarditis (OR:3.74, 95%CI:1.91-7.32, p=0.001), pleuritis (OR:6.52, 95%CI:3.37-12.60, p=0.001), and abdominal pain (OR:4.13, 95%CI:2.05-8.30, p=0.001). Patients with lung disease were burdened by a higher rate of mortality (OR:3.62, 95%CI:1.15-11.41, p=0.019).Conclusion:The usefulness of systemic score was shown in recognizing those patients with Still’s disease at higher risk of life-threatening evolution in a large cohort from GIRRCS AOSD-study group and AIDA Network Still’s Disease Registry, thus providing a prognostic tool to be readily applied to the clinical practice. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of liver involvement and lung disease was highlighted in regard to the multi-organ manifestations of patients and as major predictors of the life-threatening evolution.REFERENCES:[1] Lee JJY, et al. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2018;65:691-709.[2] Giacomelli R, et al. J Autoimmun. 2018;93:24-36.[3] Ruscitti P, et al. BMC Med. 2016;14:194.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.