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We consider the features of the deposition of a copper coating on a nickel substrate by the method of the electrical explosion of a foil in an external pulsed magnetic field. Investigations of the effect of the phase shift of the external magnetic-field pulse with respect to the moment of explosion on the morphology of the resulting coating are carried out. Deposition is carried out on the modernized experimental unit “INGIR-Mega-15” for five different conditions: the explosion occurred 100 μs before application of the magnetic-field pulse; it happened simultaneously with application of the magnetic-field pulse; at the middle of the leading edge of the pulse, at the maximum of the pulse, and at the middle of the rear edge of the pulse. The effect of the magnetic-field-pulse phase shift relative to the moment of explosion on the rate of the formation and decay of the plasma cloud is established. It is shown that the application of a magnetic field at the moment corresponding to the phase of the vapor-gas condensate promotes a more uniform distribution of copper drops over the wafer and a change in their shape.

Comparative results of experiments aimed at studying the evolution of dust-laden jets induced by the presence of structural elements and grooves on the surface of loaded specimens are reported. The results are obtained with the use of pulsed X-ray diffraction radiography and synchrotron radiation. Information on dust density changes in synchrotron diagnostics is obtained by using multiframe filming. In the case of single-frame recording by means of pulsed X-ray diffraction radiography, a glancing detonation wave was used for studying the dust behavior instead of the normal wave.

Fifty-four strains of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus were isolated from wild birds in the ecosystems of northern Eurasia and from poultry in the south of western Siberia (July 2005), at the mouth of Volga River (November 2005), at Uvs-Nur Lake on the boundary of the Great Lakes Depression in western Mongolia and the Tyva Republic of Russia (June 2006), in the vicinity of Moscow (February 2007), in the southeastern part of the Russian Plain (September 2007 and December 2007), and in the far east (April 2008) of the Russian Federation and were phenotypically characterized and deposited into the Russian state collection of viruses. Complete genome nucleotide sequences for 24 strains were obtained and deposited into GenBank. In all cases when strains were isolated from both wild birds and poultry in the same outbreak these strains were genetically closely related to each other. Until 2008 all HPAI H5N1 strains isolated in northern Eurasia clustered genetically with the viruses from Kukunor Lake (Qinghai Province, China), known as genotype 2.2 or the “Qinghai-Siberian” genotype. The viruses from the Qinghai-Siberian genotype have continued to evolve from those initially introduced into western Siberia in 2005 into two genetic groups: “Iran–North Caucasian” and “Tyva-Siberian.” In vitro replication potential (50% tissue-culture infectious dose in porcine embryo kidney) of Qinghai-Siberian strains decreased over time, which could reflect decreasing virulence. Comparison of genome sequences with biological characteristics of the respective strains permitted us to identify point mutations in PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP, NA, M2, NS1, and NS2 that possibly influenced the level of replication potential. The HPAI H5N1 virus, which penetrated into the south of the Russian Far East in spring 2008, belonged to genotype 2.3.2.

The formation of a copper coating on a nickel substrate upon the electrical explosion of a conductor in the presence of an external magnetic field is studied. The effect of a magnetic field on the morphological and structural characteristics of the coating is established. The dependences of the shape and size of the coating islands on the magnitude of the magnetic field are determined.

When creating elastomeric composites, structures and products made from such materials, considerable attention is paid to environmental issues, as well as to improving economic efficiency and energy efficiency in its production. In this regard, the development of new types of strengthening highly dispersed fillers for elastomeric and polymer composite materials, including those of natural origin, providing an optimal balance of mechanical properties of composites and having advantages over existing solutions, is an actual task. In the course of the work, a technology was developed for producing highly dispersed fillers by ultrafine grinding of raw materials. The obtained experimental data shows a significant reinforcement effect (up to five times) with a decrease in the average particle size of the filler. It is established, that he most effective filler, in terms of reinforcement, are particles based on amorphous silicon dioxide, obtained from rice husk processing products and shungite rock. The significant influence of the surface functionality and the carbon/silicon dioxide ratio of submicron filler particles on the mechanical properties of elastomeric composites is shown. It is established that new classes of reinforcing fillers can be recommended for practical use in the future.

Mass analysis of the composition of gases in atmospheric air after an electrical explosion of copper spirals with a dielectric coating was carried out. New components with masses of 20, 29, and 81 u was discovered. Proposed the hypothesis that when exposed to strong pulsed magnetic fields in the dense plasma containing oxygen atoms and a natural mix of hydrogen isotopes, may increase the rate of plasma-chemical reactions forming molecules of heavy water relative to the rate of formation of the molecules of ordinary water.

New silicone magnetoactive elastomers have been synthesized and studied. Significant magnetostrictive effects in the synthesized composites were visualized by microscopy. The obtained results can be the basis for the design of controlled dampers and promising magnetostrictive engines of a new generation with micro and nanoscale positioning accuracy and the ability to transmit significant force effects on the operated objects.

Expressions for determination of the electric potential distribution in rectangular anisotropic semiconductor samples are presented. Practically important cases of the samples’ localization on a metal, semiconductor, or dielectric substrate are considered.

The development of a procedure for assessing the effective deformation properties of filled, hyperelastic polymer composites (chiefly, rubber compounds) is presented. The rigid interphase contact layer is taken into account in the model of the elastomer composite. The filled elastomer can be regarded as a three-component system consisting of: filler particles (of different size); an interphase layer, which can be regarded as part of the modified matrix; the ‘pure’ matrix. In this first part of this study, the general organisation of the investigation is described, a model of the filled elastomer composite is formulated, and the problem of identifying the properties of the hyperelastic matrix is solved on the basis of a potential taking into account the non-linear effects of change in the rigidity of the polymeric material under elongation. The possibility of using the developed procedure to describe the deformation properties of the unfilled vulcanisate of styrene butadiene rubber, i.e. the ‘pure’ matrix, is also shown. The calculated deformation curve coincides completely with the experimental curve when the developed method is used to determine the coefficients of the equations.

A laser interferometer-deformograph with a 75-m-long arm has been developed by Moscow State University's Sternberg State Astronomical Institute to record and study lithospheric deformations over a wide frequency range. The design and the performance characteristics of the interferometer are described. It is located near Mount Elbrus, in one of the Russian regions with the highest level of geodynamical activity, which determines the range of geophysical and geodynamical problems to be solved using experimental data obtained with this instrument. Based on experience gained over ten years of routine observations, the whole measuring system has been comprehensively updated. As a result, its technical potentials have been substantially extended and the reliability and quality of experimental data have been improved. The limiting sensitivity of the laser interferometer is assessed, and the results from observations are presented.