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"Vogel, Birte"
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Online shopping in treatment-seeking patients with buying-shopping disorder
With e-commerce becoming an important shopping activity, it has been argued that traditional buying-shopping disorder (BSD) migrates to the online retail market resulting in BSD predominantly online. The aims of the current study were to investigate how many patients with BSD report symptoms of online BSD, and to determine whether symptoms of probable online BSD are related to sociodemographic variables, anxiety, depression, and a higher severity of general BSD.
A post hoc analysis of pooled data collected within previous studies (n = 122 treatment-seeking patients with BSD; age Mdn = 42.50, range 20–68 years; 76% women) was conducted. Assessment included the short version of the Internet Addiction Test modified for online shopping sites (s-IATshop), the Pathological Buying Screener (PBS) as an instrument assessing BSD in general, regardless of the buying or shopping environment, and measures for anxiety and depression.
33.6% of the sample met the s-IAT threshold for probable online BSD. Higher s-IAT scores were related to lower age and to a higher severity of anxiety, depression and general BSD. A hierarchical regression analysis with general BSD (PBS score) as dependent variable and partnership status, symptoms of anxiety, depression and online BSD (s-IAT-shop) as predictors indicated a significant positive association of probable online BSD with the severity of general BSD above and beyond anxiety and depression.
The findings may encourage future studies addressing phenomenological characteristics, underlying features, associated comorbidity, and clinical relevance of online BSD.
•Online shopping is prevalent among treatment-seeking patients with general BSD.•Probable online BSD is associated with a higher severity of general BSD.•Future research should address the underlying features of offline vs. online BSD.
Journal Article
An experimental examination of cognitive processes and response inhibition in patients seeking treatment for buying-shopping disorder
There is an ongoing debate about whether buying-shopping disorder (BSD) should be acknowledged as a behavioral addiction. The current study investigated if mechanisms that play a prominent role in disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviors are relevant in BSD, particularly cue reactivity, craving, cognitive bias and reduced inhibitory control regarding addiction-relevant cues. The study included 39 treatment-seeking patients with BSD and 39 healthy control (HC) participants (29 women and 10 men in each group). Subjective responses toward buying/shopping-relevant visual cues were compared in patients vs. control participants. Experimental paradigms with neutral and semi-individualized buying/shopping-related pictures were administered to assess attentional bias, implicit associations and response inhibition with respect to different visual cues: Dot-probe paradigm (DPP), Implicit Association Task (IAT), Go/nogo-task (GNG). The severity of BSD, craving for buying/shopping, and symptoms of comorbid mental disorders (anxiety, depressive and hoarding disorders) were measured using standardized questionnaires. The BSD-group showed more general craving for buying/shopping, stronger subjective craving reactions towards buying/shopping-related visual cues, and more symptoms of anxiety, depression and hoarding disorder than control participants. Task performance in the DPP, IAT and GNG paradigm did not differ between the two groups. The present findings confirm previous research concerning the crucial role of craving in BSD. The assumption that attentional bias, implicit associations and deficient inhibitory control with respect to buying/shopping-related cues are relevant in BSD could not be proven. Future research should address methodological shortcomings and investigate the impact of acute psychosocial stress and present mood on craving responses, cognitive processing, and response inhibition in patients with BSD.
Journal Article
Understanding the impact of geographies and space on the possibilities of peace activism
Current peace research has provided scholars with a range of conceptualizations of what peace is. Further, there is a substantial body of literature on the processes used to build peace–the how of peacebuilding. However, there is little research that examines the question of where peace and peacebuilding occur and how these spaces shape the possibilities of non-state actors to achieve their objectives. This article makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the emerging debate by sketching out the concept of peace spaces and applying it to the United Nations’ controlled Buffer Zone in Cyprus, the geographical home of inter-communal peacebuilding. To determine how geographies impact on the possibilities of non-state peacebuilding actors, the article focuses on three elements, specifically, on how the physical space impacts on: (a) inclusion/exclusion of participants; (b) protection/control through elite actors; and (c) its influence on the discourses and solutions that can be imagined. The article finds that local and international actors alike make a clear connection between the physical space and political viewpoints, which has both enabling and restricting implications.
Journal Article
Buying-Shopping Disorder and Partnership Satisfaction
The current study aimed at investigating partnership status and quality in 46 patients with buying-shopping disorder (BSD) and 46 healthy control participants. The Pathological Buying Screener (PBS) was used to assess the symptom severity of BSD. The German version of the Quality of Marriage Index (QMI-D) measured partnership satisfaction. With 23 patients with BSD (50%) and 31 control participants (67%) in partnerships, there was no significant group difference regarding partnership status (
χ
2
(1)
= 2.87,
p
= 0.090,
ϕ
= 0.18). In both groups, QMI-D scores were not related to BSD symptoms (PBS scores). In patients with BSD, partnership satisfaction was negatively correlated with BSD duration. Although the results of this cross-sectional study do not indicate an association between BSD and partnership satisfaction, the inverse relationship between partnership satisfaction and BSD duration calls for longitudinal research on the role of partnership satisfaction in the disorder’s progression.
Journal Article
New Assessment Tools for Buying Disorder
Purpose of Review
The purpose of this study is to summarize studies concerning the development and evaluation of assessment tools for buying disorder (BD) between 2000 and 2016.
Recent Findings
There is still a lack of formal diagnostic criteria and field-tested structured interviews for BD. With regard to questionnaires, the following psychometrically sound instruments assessing symptoms of BD have been developed within the last decade: (1) the Richmond Compulsive Buying Scale (RCBS), which conceptualizes BD as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder; (2) the Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale (BSAS), which regards BD as “shopping addiction;” and (3) the Pathological Buying Screener (PBS), which reflects addictive and impulse-control-disorder aspects of BD.
Summary
Future studies should make use of the new questionnaires assessing symptoms of BD. Furthermore, diagnostic criteria for BD should be developed and validated in order to better establish the diagnosis of BD and to accomplish its recognition as a mental disorder.
Journal Article
Agency, autonomy and compliance in (post-)conflict situations
The nature of conflict has changed dramatically in the twenty-first century with non-conventional wars, terrorist attacks and civil strife assuming centre stage. State forces are pitted not just against each other but against non-state actors. Terrorists often target civil society as well as symbols of the state, while the Westphalian nation-state’s legal monopoly over instruments of coercion has sometimes been grossly misused to perpetuate a form of state terrorism where civil society has been coerced into inaction. The proliferation of internationals armed with the tools of liberal peacebuilding has set agendas for former warring factions that may be at odds
Book Chapter
The challenges of European governance in the age of economic stagnation, immigration, and refugees
This book examines the political and legal challenges of regional governance of the 28 countries of the European Union and the 48 in the Council of Europe.The contributions, dilemmas, and moral hazards from this record of nearly seven decades of regional inter-governmental institutions has kept the peace, but produced episodes of crisis from.
eBook
Psychische Komorbiditat und lebensgeschichtlich fruhe Traumatisierungen bei pathologischem Kaufen
Ziel: Es sollte untersucht werden, ob Patienten mit pathologischem Kaufen (PK) mehr lebensgeschichtlich fruhe Traumatisierungen als nicht-kaufsuchtige Patienten aufweisen.Methode: Patienten mit PK (n = 62),Alkoholabhangigkeit (n = 47), pathologischem Spielen (n = 34) sowie Patienten in psychosomatischer Behandlung (PSO) (n = 119) beantworteten den Pathological Buying Screener zur/m Diagnose/Ausschluss von PK sowie das Depressionsmodul und das Modul fur Generalisierte Angststorung des Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9, GAD-7). Fruhe Traumatisierungen wurden mit dem Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-D) erfasst, der nach insgesamt zehn spezifischen Traumata vor dem 18. Lebensjahr fragt. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht im Alter (MW = 40.9 [+ or -] 12.2; Range 18-69), erwartungsgemass jedoch in der Geschlechterverteilung ([chi square] = 61.1; p < 0.001) mit dem hochsten Frauenanteil in den Gruppen mit PK (77.4%) und der PSO-Gruppe (75.6%).Ergebnisse: Patienten mit PK berichteten mehr Angstsymptome als solche mit pathologischem Spielen, unterschieden sich im GAD-7 jedoch nicht von den anderen Gruppen (F(3, 249) = 5.31; p < 0.001). Sie zeigten hohere Werte im PHQ-9 als Patienten mit Alkoholabhangigkeit/pathologischem Spielen, nicht jedoch als die PSOGruppe (F(3, 245) = 7.55, p > 0.001). Hinsichtlich der Anzahl fruher Traumatisierungen wurden keine Gruppenunterschiede gefunden (N = 255, MW = 3.2; SD = 2.4), allerdings wurde das Erleben psychischer Erkrankungen in der Herkunftsfamilie von Patienten mit PK am haufigsten (57%) angegeben. Innerhalb der PK Gruppe korrelierte die Anzahl erlebter fruher Traumata nicht mit dem PK-Schweregrad.Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Patienten mit PK psychopathologisch auffalliger sind als Patienten mit pathologischem Spielen. Lebensgeschichtlich fruhe Traumatisierungen scheinen bei PK nicht haufiger vorzukommen und stellen vermutlich keinen spezifischen Risikofaktor dar. Das Erleben psychischer Erkrankungen in der Familie ist moglicherweise eine Ausnahme.
Journal Article