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"Volk, Lucia"
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Memorials and martyrs in modern Lebanon
Lebanese history is often associated with sectarianism and hostility
between religious communities, but by examining public memorials and historical
accounts Lucia Volk finds evidence for a sustained politics of Muslim and Christian
co-existence. Lebanese Muslim and Christian civilians were jointly commemorated as
martyrs for the nation after various episodes of violence in Lebanese history. Sites
of memory sponsored by Maronite, Sunni, Shiite, and Druze elites have shared the
goal of creating cross-community solidarity by honoring the joint sacrifice of
civilians of different religious communities. This compelling and lucid study
enhances our understanding of culture and politics in the Middle East and the
politics of memory in situations of ongoing conflict.
eBook
Enacting Citizenship
In June and July 2015, a group of Syrian asylum seekers and local refugee supporters organised a protest camp in Dortmund, Germany. For 53 days, about 50 protesters at a time slept under open tarps on the pavement in front of the city’s main train station, demanding a quicker asylum review process and reunification with their families. This article focusses on the refugees’ interactions with different state actors on the municipal and state levels, and illustrates how the Syrian refugees were able to enact citizenship subjectivities. Through sustained and well-organised public protest, refugees claimed their place within the host community. Importantly, they became active contributors to the debate over Germany’s response to the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ and proved that political activism can help promote political and legal change.
Journal Article
Int. J. Middle East Stud. 44 (2012)
(See, for example, Esra Özyürek's two books, Nostalgia for the Modern: State Secularism and Everyday Politics in Turkey [Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2006] and The Politics of Public Memory in Turkey [Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2007] or Amy Mills' Streets of Memory: Landscape, Tolerance, and National Identity in Istanbul [Atlanta, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2010] on Turkey; for Lebanon, see Sune Haugbolle's War and Memory in Lebanon [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010], Craig Larkin's Memory and Conflict in Lebanon: Remembering and Forgetting the Past [London: Routledge, 2012], Aseel Sawalha's Reconstructing Beirut: Memory and Space in a Postwar Arab City [Austin, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 2010], or Lucia Volk's Martyrs and Memorials in Modern Lebanon [Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 2010].) The contrasts catalogued in the conclusion therefore come as no surprise: formal and informal holidays (defined by the closure or operation of government offices and businesses); \"soft\" and \"hard\" celebrations (defined by the extent to which they are scripted); \"thin\" and \"thick\" calendars (depending on the frequency of holidays in a year); fragmented and cohesive or imposed and consensual commemorations; secular and religious (as well as hybrid) holidays; elite and popular celebrations; and celebrations that border on personality cult (Iraq) vs. celebrations that avoid human veneration (Saudi Arabia). Podeh further explains that \"the most common ceremonies and rituals are the laying of wreaths on tombs, prayers and other religious rituals, military and civilian parades and processions, public speeches, inauguration ceremonies, oath taking, the laying of foundation stones, graduation ceremonies, artistic shows and exhibitions, the use of state symbols (flag, anthem, and emblem), the hanging of portraits of the ruler, the use of fireworks and events carried out by--and for the edification of--schoolchildren\" (pp. 298-99). Department of International Relations, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, Calif.; e-mail: lvolk@sfsu.edu
Journal Article
\Kull wahad la haalu\: Feelings of Isolation and Distress among Yemeni Immigrant Women in San Francisco's Tenderloin
Recently arrived Yemeni immigrant women in San Francisco's Tenderloin neighborhood face a series of challenges as they go about living their everyday lives in a poor and crime-ridden neighborhood. They experience feelings of isolation and distress because of their limited English skills, their conservative Islamic dress that draws comments and unfriendly looks, and their household chores as mothers of often large families, which keep them busy at home. Despite living in close proximity to other Yemeni immigrants, these women feel profoundly lonely. In this study, based on interviews with 15 recently arrived Yemeni women, I show different \"idioms of distress\" that connect the women's emotional states to experiences of physical space and the body. I also raise methodological and epistemological questions about conducting anthropological work in communities whose members experience profound isolation.
Journal Article
\Kull wahad la haalu\
Recently arrived Yemeni immigrant women in San Francisco's Tenderloin neighborhood face a series of challenges as they go about living their everyday lives in a poor and crime‐ridden neighborhood. They experience feelings of isolation and distress because of their limited English skills, their conservative Islamic dress that draws comments and unfriendly looks, and their household chores as mothers of often large families, which keep them busy at home. Despite living in close proximity to other Yemeni immigrants, these women feel profoundly lonely. In this study, based on interviews with 15 recently arrived Yemeni women, I show different “idioms of distress” that connect the women's emotional states to experiences of physical space and the body. I also raise methodological and epistemological questions about conducting anthropological work in communities whose members experience profound isolation.
Journal Article
Introduction
The plight of forcibly displaced persons may have lost the spotlight in the global news cycle due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the Middle Eastern refugee crisis has continued unabated. Nearly 80 million people have been forcibly displaced, including millions of Afghans, Iraqis, Palestinians, Syrians, and Yemenis. In this special issue, anthropologists highlight different states of displacement – protracted, repeated and recent – amongst Middle Eastern populations that have fled to Germany, Greece, Jordan and Turkey. Amidst profound precarity, refugees manage to negotiate new geographies of displacement, re-create a sense of home, plan their reproductive futures, organise protests to claim their asylum rights, and engage in activism and solidarity. Featuring nuanced ethnographic studies, this special issue bears witness to refugees’ fortitude and resilience.
Journal Article
Martyrs at the Margins: The Politics of Neglect in Lebanon's Borderlands
Events in Lebanon are primarily interpreted through the lens of sectarianism and religious difference. Yet if we look at Lebanon through the lens of politics of space, significant similarities emerge among populations that are otherwise considered different. For instance, communities in Lebanon's geographical borderlands are home to disproportionate numbers of martyrs. As a result of a policy of neglect by elites at Lebanon's political centre, communities of Sunnis and Shiites in North and South Lebanon similarly identify as disenfranchised and oppressed (al-mahrumīn or al-mazlumīn). My research is supported by interviews with families of martyrs of recent violence, analysis of newspaper articles, as well as a reading of roadside martyr images in North and South Lebanon.
Journal Article