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Terahertz frequency band (0.1 ~ 10 THz) can provide ultra-high transmitting rates for massive emerging applications. However, due to the radio frequency impairments and limited signal processing property of baseband devices, it is difficult for the current terahertz communication systems to be used in real applications. In this work, we report a 0.22 THz communication system, which can provide 84 Gbps air interface rate over 1.26 kilometers distance. Such a system is underpinned by three breakthroughs, namely, integrating the reported terahertz wireless communication system, redesigning the signal processing in baseband devices, and increasing the cut-off frequency and transmitting power of radio frequency component by parameter optimizing. Being applied to realize the real-time transmission of the uncompressed 8K ultra high-definition video in the 31st International University Sports Federation in Chengdu, China, this work is a leaping advancement to enable terahertz systems from experiment to promising applications. For most real-world wireless applications, long distance and high-speed transmission are needed in tandem. Here, the authors report a 0.22 THz communication system achieving 84 Gbps for real-time uncompressed 8K video transmission over 1.26 km, applied during the 31st FISU in Chengdu, China.

As non-renewable cultural heritages, murals have important implications in historical customs, religions, and philosophy as well as their aesthetic values. Recently, many murals are threatened by natural factors and human activities. During the past decades, there are increasing interest in the investigation of murals. Here we review the current status of murals and provide an up-to-date summary of achievements related to murals. The murals that draw the most attention are distributed in Mexico, Ireland, China, and Spain. The aesthetics, history, cultural, educational, and economic values of murals are comprehensively analyzed. The main research technologies used to detect the chemical compositions and physical structures of murals are also summarized. The restoration of murals includes several procedures such as stabilization, repair, surface cleaning, and pigment reconversion. Emerging technologies such as computer science benefit the research and conservation of murals. We also propose that tourism management and climate change should be incorporated into the conservation of murals in the future.

•STEM teaching pedagogies are crucial for learning.•We examined brain synchronization based on fNIRS between teachers and students under three STEM teaching pedagogies, including traditional, storytelling, storyboarding.•Our results demonstrated that story-based teaching and storyboarding can improve STEM learning efficacy at the neural level.•Students' prior knowledge showed no different effects on learning process under three STEM teaching pedagogies. Early STEM education is crucial for later learning. This novel study utilised fNIRS to examine how STEM teaching methods (i.e., traditional, storytelling, storyboarding) affect neural activity synchronisation between teachers and students. Our results showed that left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for storytelling teaching versus traditional teaching, superior temporal gyrus for storyboard teaching versus traditional teaching, and left angular gyrus for storyboard and storytelling teaching were significant different in brain synchronisation. In the storytelling teaching condition, left supramarginal gyrus brain synchrony was found to improve STEM learning outcomes. In the storyboard teaching condition, IFG brain synchrony correlated positively with STEM learning improvement. The findings confirmed that story-based teaching and storyboarding can improve STEM learning efficacy at the neural level and unscored the significant role of neural synchronization as a predictor of learning outcomes.

Background The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the progression of sepsis. However, the specific mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites involved in the process of sepsis remains elusive, which limits its translational application. Method In this study, we used a combination of the microbiome and untargeted metabolomics to analyze stool samples from patients with sepsis enrolled at admission, then microbiota, metabolites, and potential signaling pathways that might play important roles in disease outcome were screened out. Finally, the above results were validated by the microbiome and transcriptomics analysis in an animal model of sepsis. Results Patients with sepsis showed destruction of symbiotic flora and elevated abundance of Enterococcus , which were validated in animal experiments. Additionally, patients with a high burden of Bacteroides, especially B. vulgatus , had higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and longer stays in the intensive care unit. The intestinal transcriptome in CLP rats illustrated that Enterococcus and Bacteroides had divergent profiles of correlation with differentially expressed genes, indicating distinctly different roles for these bacteria in sepsis. Furthermore, patients with sepsis exhibited disturbances in gut amino acid metabolism compared with healthy controls; namely, tryptophan metabolism was tightly related to an altered microbiota and the severity of sepsis. Conclusion Alterations in microbial and metabolic features in the gut corresponded with the progression of sepsis. Our findings may help to predict the clinical outcome of patients in the early stage of sepsis and provide a translational basis for exploring new therapies.

Increasing attention is being paid to the energy efficiency in metro systems to reduce the operational cost and to advocate the sustainability of railway systems. Classical research has studied the energy-efficient operational strategy and the energy-efficient system design separately to reduce the traction energy consumption. This paper aims to combine the operational strategies and the system design by analyzing how the infrastructure and vehicle parameters of metro systems influence the operational traction energy consumption. Firstly, a solution approach to the optimal train control model is introduced, which is used to design the Optimal Train Control Simulator(OTCS). Then, based on the OTCS, the performance of some important energy-efficient system design strategies is investigated to reduce the trains’ traction energy consumption, including reduction of the train mass, improvement of the kinematic resistance, the design of the energy-saving gradient, increasing the maximum traction and braking forces, introducing regenerative braking and timetable optimization. As for these energy-efficient strategies, the performances are finally evaluated using the OTCS with the practical operational data of the Beijing Yizhuang metro line. The proposed approach gives an example to quantitatively analyze the energy reduction of different strategies in the system design procedure, which may help the decision makers to have an overview of the energy-efficient performances and then to make decisions by balancing the costs and the benefits.

Nucleic acids are not only essential biomolecules that drive critical life processes such as growth, development, reproduction, inheritance, and mutation, but also serve as significant markers for disease diagnosis, pathogen identification, and cancer screening. Nevertheless, several challenges have hindered the widespread use of nucleic acids in biomedicine, such as susceptibility to degradation, limited cellular uptake efficiency, potential toxicity, and uncontrollable activity. Photo‐regulation offers an effective solution to address these challenges. It allows for the precise control of nucleic acid structure and function and enhances the stability and safety of their application in biomedicine. In this review, we systematically review the structural characteristics of the three primary photosensitive groups commonly used in the regulation of nucleic acid molecules (i.e., photocleavable molecules, photoisomerization molecules, and photo‐crosslinking molecules) under light irradiation. Subsequently, recent research advances in the development and application of photo‐modulation strategies based on these photosensitive molecules in antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, nucleic acid amplification, and CRISPR/Cas systems are outlined. Finally, we discuss the challenges faced in the widespread application of these photo‐regulatory strategies and outline potential future directions for their development. The initial section of this review summaries the common photosensitive motifs—photo‐cleavable, photoisomerization, and photo‐crosslinking molecules—that are employed to regulate the function of nucleic acids. The subsequent part delineates the application of established photo‐modulation techniques in regulating antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, nucleic acid amplification, and the CRISPR/Cas system. Lastly, the challenges and future directions for the application of those photosensitive nucleic acid molecules are discussed.

Metabolites in the tumor microenvironment are a critical factor for tumor progression. However, the lack of knowledge about the metabolic profile in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment of multiple myeloma (MM) limits our understanding of MM progression. Here, we show that the glycine concentration in the BM microenvironment is elevated due to bone collagen degradation mediated by MM cell-secreted matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), while the elevated glycine level is linked to MM progression. MM cells utilize the channel protein solute carrier family 6 member 9 (SLC6A9) to absorb extrinsic glycine subsequently involved in the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and purines. Inhibiting glycine utilization via SLC6A9 knockdown or the treatment with betaine suppresses MM cell proliferation and enhances the effects of bortezomib on MM cells. Together, we identify glycine as a key metabolic regulator of MM, unveil molecular mechanisms governing MM progression, and provide a promising therapeutic strategy for MM treatment. The bone tumour microenvironment plays an essential role in multiple myeloma (MM) development. Here, the authors show that bone collagen degradation provides glycine to support MM progression through glutathione and purine synthesis.

The degradation modes and characteristics of different pesticides were introduced. In addition, this paper also describes the degradation mechanism of different pesticides, classifies, and summarizes the methods of degradation products identification. For the sake of human life health and better biological environment, we should have a familiar knowledge of the natural degradation of pesticides and understand the photo-hydrolysis and its influencing factors (temperature, pH, light, etc.). Through the degradation mechanism and influencing factors, the degradation time could be accelerated and it also provides a theoretical basis and basic support for the treatment of pesticide residues in the future.

Background Social media has become a significant platform for health knowledge popularization worldwide, especially during public health crises. However, the factors influencing healthcare professionals’ intention to engage in health knowledge popularization on social media, particularly in China, remain underexplored due to the unique socio-medical environment. Objective This study examines determinants of Chinese healthcare professionals’ social media-based health knowledge popularization participation, evaluating the applicability of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Perceived Risk Theory. Methods We developed a survey integrating UTAUT constructs (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions) with perceived risk. Data from 762 professionals across four Shanghai tertiary hospitals were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results Social influence (β = 0.299, p  < 0.001), performance expectancy (β = 0.221, p  < 0.001), and effort expectancy (β = 0.312, p  < 0.001) significantly positively predicted participation intention. Facilitating conditions directly affected actual behavior (β = 0.079, p  < 0.05), while perceived risk showed no significant association with intention (β=-0.019, p  = 0.581). Conclusions Institutional support emerges as crucial in mediating healthcare professionals’ social media engagement, with social influence and anticipated effectiveness being primary motivators. The non-significant role of perceived risk may reflect China’s performance evaluation systems and policy safeguards mitigating professional concerns. Practical implications suggest that enhancing organizational support through resource allocation and workload adjustments could effectively promote online health knowledge popularization participation. Clinical trail number Not applicable.

Thermal metamaterials are typically achieved by mixing different natural materials to realize effective thermal conductivities (ETCs) that conventional materials do not possess. However, the necessity for multifunctional design of metamaterials, encompassing both thermal and mechanical functionalities, is somewhat overlooked, resulting in the fixation of mechanical properties in thermal metamaterials designed within current research endeavors. Thus far, conventional methods have faced challenges in designing thermal metamaterials with configurable mechanical properties because of intricate inherent relationships among the structural configuration, thermal and mechanical properties in metamaterials. Here, a data‐driven approach is proposed to design a thermal metamaterial capable of seamlessly achieving thermal functionalities and harnessing the advantages of microstructural diversity to configure its mechanical properties. The designed metamaterial possesses thermal cloaking functionality while exhibiting exceptional mechanical properties, such as load‐bearing capacity, shearing strength, and tensile resistance, thereby affording mechanical protection for the thermal metadevice. The proposed approach can generate numerous distinct inverse design candidate topological functional cells (TFCs), designing thermal metamaterials with dramatic improvements in mechanical properties compared to traditional ones, which sets up a novel paradigm for discovering thermal metamaterials with extraordinary mechanical structures. Furthermore, this approach also paves the way for investigating thermal metamaterials with additional physical properties. Utilizing AI‐driven data augmentation and deep generative models, a novel approach is pioneered to design thermal metamaterials with customizable mechanical properties. By leveraging latent variables and clustering techniques, diverse topological functional cells are achieved exhibiting superior thermal cloaking and mechanical strength. The methodology promises to advance metamaterial design, offering new avenues for enhancing metamaterial functionality.