Explore the vast range of titles available.

The lichen-forming fungus was isolated from the desert lichen Endocarpon pusillum that is extremely drought resistant.To understand the molecular mechanisms of drought resistance in the fungus,we employed RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR to compare and characterize the differentially expressed genes in pure culture at two different water levels and with that in desiccated lichen.The comparative transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 1781 genes were differentially expressed between samples cultured under normal and PEG-induced drought stress conditions.Similar to those in drought resistance plants and non-lichenized fungi,the common drought-resistant mechanisms were differentially expressed in E.pusillum.However,the expression change of genes involved in osmotic regulation in E.pusillum is different,which might be the evidence for the feature of drought adaptation.Interestingly,different from other organisms,some genes involved in drought adaption mechanisms showed significantly different expression patterns between the presence and absence of drought stress in E.pusillum.The expression of 23 candidate stress responsive genes was further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR using dehydrated E.pusillum lichen thalli.This study provides a valuable resource for future research on lichen-forming fungi and shall facilitate future functional studies of the specific genes related to drought resistance.