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The genetic and molecular basis of flagellar motility has been investigated for several decades, with innovative research strategies propelling advances at a steady pace. Furthermore, as the phenomenon is examined in diverse bacteria, new taxon-specific regulatory and structural features are being elucidated. Motility is also a straightforward bacterial phenotype that can allow undergraduate researchers to explore the palette of molecular genetic tools available to microbiologists. This study, driven primarily by undergraduate researchers, evaluated hundreds of flagellar motility mutants in the Gram-negative plant-associated bacterium Agrobacterium fabrum . The nearly saturating screen implicates a total of 37 genes in flagellar biosynthesis, including genes of previously unknown function.

HIV Viral protein R (Vpr) is a multifunctional accessory protein which plays a role in nuclear import of the pre-integration complex, transactivation of HIV LTR promoter, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis during HIV infection. R77Q is an HIV Vpr mutant which is associated with long-term nonprogressor phenotypes, and which has previously been connected to higher levels of apoptosis compared to wild type Vpr in vitro.There are observable differences in host binding partners with HIV Vpr between wild type and R77Q strains as shown via coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. In one run R77Q samples showed binding to histone 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.10 and histone 4, as well as Adhesion G-protein coupled receptor V1, Polyubiquitin-C, and small ribosomal subunit protein uS9. In the WT samples only complement component C7 was identified as a significantly bound protein. In a second experimental run, histone type 2-C tubulin alpha-4A and 1A chains, gamma-enolase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2, malate dehydrogenase cytoplasmic and mitochondrial, 14-3-3 protein ζ /Δ and beta/alpha, and pyruvate kinase PKM were identified to have significantly more binding to R77Q Vpr than wild type. In a literature search, most of these proteins were identified to have connections with HIV infection, Vpr, cell cycle regulation, or apoptosis pathways.

The genetic and molecular basis of flagellar motility has been investigated for several decades, with innovative research strategies propelling advances at a steady pace. Furthermore, as the phenomenon is examined in diverse bacteria, new taxon-specific regulatory and structural features are being elucidated. Motility is also a straightforward bacterial phenotype that can allow undergraduate researchers to explore the palette of molecular genetic tools available to microbiologists. This study, driven primarily by undergraduate researchers, evaluated hundreds of flagellar motility mutants in the Gram-negative plant-associated bacterium Agrobacterium fabrum. The nearly saturating screen implicates a total of 37 genes in flagellar biosynthesis, including genes of previously unknown function.