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Diversification of tuber foods is expected to help food security and improve public health. Gembili tuber glucomannan contains high fiber. Gembili seeds are becoming scarce, causing gembili plants to be very rarely found in the community. In the West Papua region, local people still rely on conventional supplies which are feared to threaten the gembili plant population. Tissue Culture Technology is very necessary in multiplying gembili seeds quickly and without knowing the season, by growing callus, plant propagation does not require a lot of explants to produce a large number of seeds. The research was conducted at the Politeknik Negeri Lampung Tissue Culture Laboratory, from May to July 2022. The research used a randomized block design, with each treatment repeated three times. The results showed that the composition of the media with the addition of 2.4 D 2 mL.L-1 produces an average of 8.00 days of callus growth, however, for callus growth the culture media with the addition of 2.4 D mL.L-1 produces a value best. 1.73 cm for callus diameter and a value of 0.22 g for callus weight.

This study aims to select reciprocal watermelon crosses in a new superior variety breeding program using the single cross method. The male and female parents used in the study consisted of 12 pure lines (WM 08-19-1 ♂x♀ WM 06-27-4; WM 01-3-3-4-1 ♂x♀ WM 04-12-11-1-1; WM 11-1-2-2-8 ♂x♀ WM 10-1-1-9-10; WM 03-27-2 ♂x♀ WM 08-6-3; WM 12-1-5 ♂x♀ WM 04-1-5-10; WM 16-1-5-6-3 ♂x♀ WM 06-1-11-5). The study used a one-factor randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Data analysis used analysis of variance and the least significant difference test (LSD) at the 5% level. The fastest harvest age was found in the WM 2110-1011 line and the fruit with the highest sweetness level was found in the WM 2110-1011 line. The results of the reciprocal hybridization research conducted, watermelon lines that have a plain striped type on the fruit are lines WM 06-27-4, WM 04-12-11-1-1 and WM 10-1-1-9-10. The thin striped type is found in the WM 08-6-3 line and the thick striped type is found in the 04-1-5-10 line and WM 06-1-11-5. The line that has yellow flesh is WM 04-1-5-10. The results of this study indicated that the collection of pure lines and reciprocal crosses are used as selection materials for the F1 hybrid watermelon breeding program.

This study aimed to obtain the right planting system in a greenhouse-scale oriental makuwauri melon plant breeding program and knowing the interaction between the line and the oriental melon growing system at the greenhouse scale. The research design used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors, namely melon lines (ougan makuwauri and ginsen makuwauri), and planting systems (tunnel, bracket pot, and vines rope), repeated four times. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance and least significant different (LSD) test at 5% levels. The results showed that the best planting system is the bracket pot. This planting system has a unique and attractive appearance as well as more optimal growth compared to tunnel systems and vines rope. Based on the qualitative variable data tested, namely vine length (122.25 cm), stem diameter (0.79 cm), and petiole length (11.86 cm), the bracket pot planting system was significantly different from the tunnel and vines rope planting system. There was an interaction between the lines and the planting system on the observed variables, namely vine length, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, petiole length, and stem diameter. This research indicates that bracket pot planting system is recommended for oriental melon plant breeding program.

Extreme weather incidents refer to high rainfall and strong winds have been speculated to be detrimental on rice production. However, researches on the local adaptation to their impact on rice production are limited especially on tropical region like Indonesia. A study was conducted in Pesawaran, West Lampung, North Lampung, and Bandar Lampung using time series data of 2000-2015 and ground checking during extreme weather and normal seasons and its implication on sustainable management. Data were evaluated using multivariate regressions. Results demonstrated that the impact of extreme weather on the reduction of rice production was weak, 0.92%. Shifting on rice production among swampy, irrigated, and dry lands at which covered area of 13.67%, 42.69% and 43.65%, respectively, minimized the impact of the extreme weather. During limited precipitation, irrigated and swamplands had 2.5-3.0 times cropping intensity. Conversely, during La-Nina with excess precipitation, cropping in irrigated and drylands increased by 20 and 58%, respectively. Moreover, the local government maintained annual production improvement by about 5% through expansion of irrigated land, high yielding varieties and inputs subsidies. Considering that incident of extreme weathers tended to occur more frequently, consequently, planting calender utilization and rice variety adapted should be implemented.

In this study, the pathway of β-citraurin biosynthesis, carotenoid contents and the expression of genes related to carotenoid metabolism were investigated in two varieties of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Yamashitabeni-wase, which accumulates β-citraurin predominantly, and Miyagawa-wase, which does not accumulate β-citraurin. The results suggested that CitCCD4 (for Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase4) was a key gene contributing to the biosynthesis of β-citraurin. In the flavedo of Yamashitabeni-wase, the expression of CitCCD4 increased rapidly from September, which was consistent with the accumulation of β-citraurin. In the flavedo of Miyagawa-wase, the expression of CitCCD4 remained at an extremely low level during the ripening process, which was consistent with the absence of β-citraurin. Functional analysis showed that the CitCCD4 enzyme exhibited substrate specificity. It cleaved β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at the 7,8 or 7′,8′ position. But other carotenoids tested in this study (lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, all-trans-violaxanthin, and 9-cis-violaxanthin) were not cleaved by the CitCCD4 enzyme. The cleavage of β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin by CitCCD4 led to the formation of β-citraurin. Additionally, with ethylene and red light-emitting diode light treatments, the gene expression of CitCCD4 was up-regulated in the flavedo of Yamashitabeni-wase. These increases in the expression of CitCCD4 were consistent with the accumulation of β-citraurin in the two treatments. These results might provide new strategies to improve the carotenoid contents and compositions of citrus fruits.

Melon plants ( Cucumis melo L) are horticultural commodities cultivated in Indonesia. This study aims to describe five oriental melon genotypes in Tasikmalaya (500 meters above sea level) as a multilocation test. The research was carried out from December 2023 to February 2024. Multilocation testing is one of the stages of plant breeding before the release of new superior varieties. The genetic material used in this research is Ginsen Makuwauri; F1 MM 0201-02; Ougan Makuwauri; F1 MM 0102-16; and Golden Langkawi (comparison variety). This research design used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and three replications to obtain 15 experimental units. Observation of research data uses the standards of the International Union for the Protection of Plants (UPOV), the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), and the Decree of the Indonesian Minister of Agriculture. Data were analyzed using the F-test and continued with a LSD test at the 5% level. The results showed that there was a diversity of quantitative and qualitative characteristics from all the genotypes tested. Based on the diversity of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the five genotypes tested, three superior genotypes were selected, namely F1 MM 0201-02; F1 MM0102-16; and Ougan Makuwauri. Genotype F1 MM 0201-02 has superior quantitative characters in the parameters of internode length (7.33 cm), fruit weight per plant (151.28 g), fruit length (9.21 cm), fruit width (5.30 cm), and the fruit flesh is thicker (1.17 cm) than the comparison variety.

Bile duct injury (BDI) remains a serious complication of hepatobiliary surgery, particularly in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, often leading to strictures, fibrosis, and long-term morbidity. Although traditional repair techniques such as primary suturing and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy are widely used, they carry risks of anastomotic complications and bile duct dysfunction. Autologous peritoneum has emerged as a potential alternative graft material due to its biocompatibility and regenerative properties. This study evaluates the efficacy of autologous parietal peritoneum graft in bile duct healing, focusing on fibroblast activity, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression as indicators of tissue remodeling. This experimental study involved 27 male New Zealand rabbits ( ), divided into three groups: group A (primary bile duct closure), group B (gallbladder transplant), and group C (parietal peritoneum transplant). The rabbits were anesthetized using a combination of ketamine, xylazine, isoflurane, and sevoflurane. Postoperative care included antibiotics and pain management. The study employed a post-test-only design. IL-6 and VEGF expression were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the anastomosis was pathologically evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 28.0, using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis tests, with significance set at  < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained. On day 3, fibroblast infiltration was significantly lower in the autologous peritoneum group (  = 0.040) compared to other groups, suggesting delayed initial recruitment. By day 7, fibroblast density increased, and by day 14, all groups exhibited well-organized tissue structures with no significant intergroup differences. VEGF (  = 0.788 on day 3, 0.473 on day 7, and 0.586 on day 14) and IL-6 (  = 0.629 on day 3, 0.587 on day 7, and 0.925 on day 14) levels showed no significant variations among the groups, indicating comparable angiogenic and inflammatory responses across treatment conditions. Autologous peritoneum supports gradual bile duct healing, despite initial delayed fibroblast recruitment, with histological evidence of progressive tissue remodeling. However, the lack of significant differences in VEGF and IL-6 levels suggests that angiogenesis and inflammation were similarly regulated across groups. Given the study's short follow-up period, further research is needed to assess the long-term integration, functional outcomes, and potential benefits of autologous peritoneum in bile duct reconstruction.