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Objectives The utility of texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) in detecting gastric cancer (GC) has been investigated. However, few reports exist on TXI mode2 (TXI2) used for detecting GC; this study investigated the efficacy of TXI2 in GC detection during screening endoscopy. Methods This study enrolled 13,440 participants with confirmed Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection status who underwent screening endoscopy by 20 endoscopists in our health screening center. The participants were divided into two groups: one group was observed using white light imaging (WLI) only by 17 endoscopists (WLI group, 10,745 participants), and the other group was observed using TXI2 only by the other three endoscopists (TXI2 group, 2695 participants). We analyzed the detection rate and the characteristics of GC. In addition, considering the bias due to the diagnostic ability, we analyzed the subset of the WLI group where the participants were evaluated by the top three endoscopists based on their GC detection rate (Expert‐WLI group, 2792 participants) for comparison with the TXI2 group. Results Fifty patients were diagnosed with GC. The GC detection rates were 0.68% and 0.71% in the Expert‐WLI and TXI2 groups, respectively. In patients who underwent screening endoscopy after H. pylori eradication, the detection rates of differentiated GC, L‐region lesions, and surface depressed‐type lesions were 0.52%, 0%, and 0.43% in the Expert‐WLI group and 1.36%, 0.78%, and 1.36% in the TXI2 group, respectively. Conclusions In screening endoscopy, the detectability of differentiated GC and L‐region lesions and surface depressed‐type lesions after H. pylori eradication was higher in TXI2.

Muse cells are endogenous, non-tumorigenic, pluripotent-like stem cells already applied to clinical trials based on intravenous injection. They can selectively home to the post-infarct area, replenish apoptotic neural cells by phagocytosis-induced differentiation, and enhance functional recovery. The effect of nose-to-brain delivery of Muse cells on cerebral infarct was examined. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model BALB/c mice received intranasal administration of either human Muse cells (6.0 × 10 4 cells), high-dose human-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (1.6 × 10 6 cells), low-dose human-MSCs (6.0 × 10 4 cells), or vehicle at 7 days after onset. An accelerated rotarod test and a histological assessment were done. The vehicle- or low-dose MSC groups showed no significant improvement in the rotarod test. In the high-dose MSC group, motor function was transiently recovered, but the therapeutic effect disappeared thereafter. The Muse group continuously improved motor function, with statistical significance to the other groups. The engraftment of administered cells in the peri-infarct area was the highest in the Muse group, while few cells were detected in other groups. 63.6 ± 8.5% and 26.2 ± 3.0% of Muse cells were positive for NeuN and GSTpi, respectively. Intranasal administration of Muse cells might be a viable approach to improving functional recovery with less invasiveness after ischemic stroke.

We recently reported that multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells intravenously administered after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), selectively engrafted to the infarct area, spontaneously differentiated into cardiomyocytes and vessels, reduced the infarct size, improved the left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling in rabbits. We aimed to clarify the efficiency of Muse cells in a larger animal AMI model of mini-pigs using a semi-clinical grade human Muse cell product. Mini-pigs underwent 30 min of coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 weeks of reperfusion. Semi-clinical grade human Muse cell product (1x107, Muse group, n = 5) or saline (Vehicle group, n = 7) were intravenously administered at 24 h after reperfusion. The infarct size, LV function and remodeling were evaluated by echocardiography. Arrhythmias were evaluated by an implantable loop recorder. The infarct size was significantly smaller in the Muse group (10.5±3.3%) than in the Vehicle group (21.0±2.0%). Both the LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly greater in the Muse group than in the Vehicle group. The LV end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions were significantly smaller in the Muse group than in the Vehicle group. Human Muse cells homed into the infarct border area and expressed cardiac troponin I and vascular endothelial CD31. No arrhythmias and no blood test abnormality were observed. Muse cell product might be promising for AMI therapy based on the efficiency and safety in a mini-pig AMI.

A novel lymphocyte lineage, Vα14 natural killer T (NKT) cells, is now well established as distinct from conventional αβ T cells. Vα14 NKT cells express a single invariant Vα14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. Successful identification of a specific ligand, α-galactosylceramide(α-GalCer), and the establishment of gene-manipulated mice with selective loss of Vα14 NKT cells helped elucidate the remarkable functional diversity of Vα14 NKT cells in various immune responses such as host defense by mediating anti-nonself innate immune reaction, homeostatic regulation of anti-self responses, and antitumor immunity.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) is treated surgically with instrumented posterior decompression and fusion. However, the factors determining the outcome of this approach and the efficacy of additional resection of T-OPLL are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify these factors in a prospective study at a single institution. METHODS: The subjects were 70 consecutive patients with beak-type T-OPLL who underwent posterior decompression and dekyphotic fusion and had an average of 4.8 years of follow-up (minimum of 2 years). Of these patients, 4 (6%; group R) had no improvement or aggravation, were not ambulatory for 3 weeks postoperatively, and required additional T-OPLL resection; while 66 (group N) required no further T-OPLL resection. Clinical records, gait status, intraoperative ultrasonography, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM), plain radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Preoperatively, patients in group R had significantly higher rates of severe motor paralysis, nonambulatory status, positive prone and supine position test, no spinal cord floating in intraoperative ultrasonography, and deterioration of IONM at the end of surgery (P < .05). In preoperative radiography, the OPLL spinal cord kyphotic angle difference in fused area, OPLL length, and OPLL canal stenosis were significantly higher in group R (P < .05). At final follow-up, JOA scores improved similarly in both groups. CONCLUSION: Preoperative severe motor paralysis, nonambulatory status, positive prone and supine position test, radiographic spinal cord compression due to beak-type T-OPLL, and intraoperative residual spinal cord compression and deterioration of IONM were associated with ineffectiveness of posterior decompression and fusion with instrumentation. Our 2-stage strategy may be appropriate for beak-type T-OPLL surgery.

A novel lymphocyte lineage, Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells, is now well established as distinct from conventional alphabeta T cells. Valpha14 NKT cells express a single invariant Valpha14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. Successful identification of a specific ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide(alpha-GalCer), and the establishment of gene-manipulated mice with selective loss of Valpha14 NKT cells helped elucidate the remarkable functional diversity of Valpha14 NKT cells in various immune responses such as host defense by mediating anti-nonself innate immune reaction, homeostatic regulation of anti-self responses, and antitumor immunity.

A novel lymphocyte lineage, Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells, is now well established as distinct from conventional alphabeta T cells. Valpha14 NKT cells express a single invariant Valpha14 antigen receptor that is essential for their development. Successful identification of a specific ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide(alpha-GalCer), and the establishment of gene-manipulated mice with selective loss of Valpha14 NKT cells helped elucidate the remarkable functional diversity of Valpha14 NKT cells in various immune responses such as host defense by mediating anti-nonself innate immune reaction, homeostatic regulation of anti-self responses, and antitumor immunity.