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Play in clinical practice : evidence-based approaches
This innovative book goes beyond traditional play therapy to present a range of evidence-based assessment and intervention approaches that incorporate play as a key element. It is grounded in the latest knowledge about the importance of play in child development. Leading experts describe effective strategies for addressing a wide variety of clinical concerns, including behavioral difficulties, anxiety, parent-child relationship issues, trauma, and autism. The empirical support for each approach is summarized and clinical techniques are illustrated. The book also discusses school-based prevention programs that utilize play to support children's learning and socioemotional functioning. Subject Areas/Key Words: Assessments, behavioral, children, developmental psychology, early childhood, emotional, interventions, play therapy, prevention, problems, psychological disorders, psychotherapy, treatments Audience: Child psychologists, play and art therapists, social workers, counselors, family therapists, psychiatrists, and school psychologists; early childhood professionals; developmental psychologists\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options
Key Points
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections and are caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species. UTIs are categorized into uncomplicated and complicated, and are a severe public health problem; this situation is being exacerbated by the rise in multidrug-resistant strains.
Uropathogens carry multiple virulence factors involved in the pathophysiology of UTIs. These virulence factors are involved in invasion and colonization, as well as in mediating the subversion of host defences.
Knowledge about the mechanism of action of these virulence factors is being used to develop new therapeutics against UTIs.
Therapies that are currently in the initial stages of development include vaccines targeting bacterial factors that are essential for initial attachment and disease progression (such as adhesins, toxins, proteases and siderophores), and small-molecule inhibitors that prevent adhesin–receptor interactions.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens. In this Review, Hultgren and colleagues discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular mechanisms of UTI pathogenesis and how this knowledge is being used for the development of novel clinical treatments for UTIs.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by
Escherichia coli
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Proteus mirabilis
,
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. In this Review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the host–pathogen interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new clinical treatments for UTIs.
Journal Article
To infinity & beyond : a journey of cosmic discovery
\"This illustrated narrative explains the universe from the solar system to the farthest reaches of space\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
A long-period radio transient active for three decades
Several long-period radio transients have recently been discovered, with strongly polarized coherent radio pulses appearing on timescales between tens to thousands of seconds
1
,
2
. In some cases, the radio pulses have been interpreted as coming from rotating neutron stars with extremely strong magnetic fields, known as magnetars; the origin of other, occasionally periodic and less-well-sampled radio transients is still debated
3
. Coherent periodic radio emission is usually explained by rotating dipolar magnetic fields and pair-production mechanisms, but such models do not easily predict radio emission from such slowly rotating neutron stars and maintain it for extended times. On the other hand, highly magnetic isolated white dwarfs would be expected to have long spin periodicities, but periodic coherent radio emission has not yet been directly detected from these sources. Here we report observations of a long-period (21 min) radio transient, which we have labelled GPM J1839–10. The pulses vary in brightness by two orders of magnitude, last between 30 and 300 s and have quasiperiodic substructure. The observations prompted a search of radio archives and we found that the source has been repeating since at least 1988. The archival data enabled constraint of the period derivative to <3.6 × 10
−13
s s
−1
, which is at the very limit of any classical theoretical model that predicts dipolar radio emission from an isolated neutron star.
The discovery of a long-period radio transient, GPM J1839–10, prompted a search of radio archives, thereby finding that this source has been repeating since at least 1988.
Journal Article
فوائد عصير الخضار والفواكه
يتناول الكتاب فوائد عصير الخضار والفواكه للمؤلف د. نورمان وكر ؛ ترجمة لجنة الترجمة، حيث يتحدث عن فوائد مختلف أنواع عصير الفواكه والخضار بالنسبة لصحة الإنسان، ويقدم معلومات وفيرة تفيد الأوساط الواسعة من القراء في اختيار الغذاء المناسب في مختلف مراحل العمر.
Book
A radio transient with unusually slow periodic emission
The high-frequency radio sky is bursting with synchrotron transients from massive stellar explosions and accretion events, but the low-frequency radio sky has, so far, been quiet beyond the Galactic pulsar population and the long-term scintillation of active galactic nuclei. The low-frequency band, however, is sensitive to exotic coherent and polarized radio-emission processes, such as electron-cyclotron maser emission from flaring M dwarfs
1
, stellar magnetospheric plasma interactions with exoplanets
2
and a population of steep-spectrum pulsars
3
, making Galactic-plane searches a prospect for blind-transient discovery. Here we report an analysis of archival low-frequency radio data that reveals a periodic, low-frequency radio transient. We find that the source pulses every 18.18 min, an unusual periodicity that has, to our knowledge, not been observed previously. The emission is highly linearly polarized, bright, persists for 30–60 s on each occurrence and is visible across a broad frequency range. At times, the pulses comprise short-duration (<0.5 s) bursts; at others, a smoother profile is observed. These profiles evolve on timescales of hours. By measuring the dispersion of the radio pulses with respect to frequency, we have localized the source to within our own Galaxy and suggest that it could be an ultra-long-period magnetar.
Analysis of archival low-frequency radio data from the Murchison Widefield Array reveals a periodic transient with an unusual periodicity of 18.18 min, the source of which is localized to our Galaxy and could be an ultra-long-period magnetar.
Journal Article
Brazil's Soy Moratorium
Supply-chain governance is needed to avoid deforestation Brazil's Soy Moratorium (SoyM) was the first voluntary zero-deforestation agreement implemented in the tropics and set the stage for supply-chain governance of other commodities, such as beef and palm oil [supplementary material (SM)]. In response to pressure from retailers and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), major soybean traders signed the SoyM, agreeing not to purchase soy grown on lands deforested after July 2006 in the Brazilian Amazon. The soy industry recently extended the SoyM to May 2016, by which time they assert that Brazil's environmental governance, such as the increased enforcement and national implementation of the Rural Environmental Registry of private properties (Portuguese acronym CAR) mandated by the Forest Code (FC) ( 1 ), will be robust enough to justify ending the agreement ( 2 ). We argue that a longer-term commitment is needed to help maintain deforestation-free soy supply chains, as full compliance and enforcement of these regulations is likely years away. Ending the SoyM prematurely would risk a return to deforestation for soy expansion at a time when companies are committing to zero-deforestation supply chains ( 3 ).
Journal Article
Th17 Pathway As a Target for Multipotent Stromal Cell Therapy in Dogs: Implications for Translational Research
Detrimental Th17 driven inflammatory and autoimmune disease such as Crohn's disease, graft versus host disease and multiple sclerosis remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Multipotent stromal/stem cell (MSC) inhibit Th17 polarization and activation in vitro and in rodent models. As such, MSC based therapeutic approaches are being investigated as novel therapeutic approaches to treat Th17 driven diseases in humans. The significance of naturally occurring diseases in dogs is increasingly recognized as a realistic platform to conduct pre-clinical testing of novel therapeutics. Full characterization of Th17 cells in dogs has not been completed. We have developed and validated a flow-cytometric method to detect Th17 cells in canine blood. We further demonstrate that Th17 and other IL17 producing cells are present in tissues of dogs with naturally occurring chronic inflammatory diseases. Finally, we have determined the kinetics of a canine specific Th17 polarization in vitro and demonstrate that canine MSC inhibit Th17 polarization in vitro, in a PGE2 independent mechanism. Our findings provide fundamental research tools and suggest that naturally occurring diseases in dogs, such as inflammatory bowel disease, may be harnessed to translate novel MSC based therapeutic strategies that target the Th17 pathway.
Journal Article
Evidence of horizontal urban heat advection in London using six years of data from a citizen weather station network
Recent advances in citizen weather station (CWS) networks, with data accessible via crowd-sourcing, provide relevant climatic information to urban scientists and decision makers. In particular, CWS can provide long-term measurements of urban heat and valuable information on spatio-temporal heterogeneity related to horizontal heat advection. In this study, we make the first compilation of a quasi-climatologic dataset covering six years (2015–2020) of hourly near-surface air temperature measurements obtained via 1560 suitable CWS in a domain covering south-east England and Greater London. We investigated the spatio-temporal distribution of urban heat and the influences of local environments on climate, captured by CWS through the scope of Local Climate Zones (LCZ)—a land-use land-cover classification specifically designed for urban climate studies. We further calculate, for the first time, the amount of advected heat captured by CWS located in Greater London and the wider south east England region. We find that London is on average warmer by about 1.0 ∘ C–1.5 ∘ C than the rest of south-east England. Characteristics of the southern coastal climate are also captured in the analysis. We find that on average, urban heat advection (UHA) contributes to 0.22 ± 0.96 ∘ C of the total urban heat in Greater London. Certain areas, mostly in the centre of London are deprived of urban heat through advection since heat is transferred more to downwind suburban areas. UHA can positively contribute to urban heat by up to 1.57 ∘ C, on average and negatively by down to −1.21 ∘ C. Our results also show an important degree of inter- and intra-LCZ variability in UHA, calling for more research in the future. Nevertheless, we already find that UHA can impact green areas and reduce their cooling benefit. Such outcomes show the added value of CWS when considering future urban design.
Journal Article