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"Walker, W."
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THE TRANSITIONAL COSTS OF SECTORAL REALLOCATION
This article uses linked worker-firm data in the United States to estimate the transitional costs associated with reallocating workers from newly regulated industries to other sectors of the economy in the context of new environmental regulations. The focus on workers rather than industries as the unit of analysis allows me to examine previously unobserved economic outcomes such as nonemployment and long-run earnings losses from job transitions, both of which are critical to understanding the reallocative costs associated with these policies. Using plant-level panel variation induced by the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), I find that the reallocative costs of environmental policy are significant. Workers in newly regulated plants experienced, in aggregate, more than $5.4 billion in forgone earnings for the years after the change in policy. Most of these costs are driven by nonemployment and lower earnings in future employment, highlighting the importance of longitudinal data for characterizing the costs and consequences of labor market adjustment. Relative to the estimated benefits of the 1990 CAAA, these one-time transitional costs are small.
Journal Article
Break the rules! : the six counter-conventional mindsets of entrepreneurs that can help anyone change the world
\"The entrepreneurial path, whether for those who lead the journey or those who participate therein, is typically rocky at best, and the ones who make it through successful usually think about failure and challenge different from the rest of us. Drawing on two decades of research into what makes entrepreneurs entrepreneurs, and how they differ from the rest of us, Break the Rules! builds a compelling argument that successful entrepreneurs exhibit one or more of six counter-conventional mindsets that allow them to deal with, skate around, or overcome the daunting obstacles that stand in their way and take advantage of opportunities that present themselves along the entrepreneurial path. Surprisingly, however, these mindsets run counter to the conventional wisdom that's typically found in large and well-established companies. They fly in the face of what's taught in business schools about strategy, core competencies, target marketing, financing and more. The good news is this: each of the six break-the-rules mindsets can be learned, practiced, and ultimately built upon to assemble high-performing entrepreneurial teams and create thriving businesses that grow and prosper\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The importance of appropriate initial bacterial colonization of the intestine in newborn, child, and adult health
The fetus does not reside in a sterile intrauterine environment and is exposed to commensal bacteria from the maternal gut/blood stream that cross the placenta and enter the amniotic fluid. This intestinal exposure to colonizing bacteria continues at birth and during the first year of life and has a profound influence on lifelong health. Why is this important? Intestinal crosstalk with colonizing bacteria in the developing intestine affects the infant’s adaptation to extrauterine life (immune homeostasis) and provides protection against disease expression (allergy, autoimmune disease, obesity, etc.) later in life. Colonizing intestinal bacteria are critical to the normal development of host defense. Disrupted colonization (dysbiosis) due to maternal dysbiosis, cesarean section delivery, use of perinatal antibiotics, or premature delivery may adversely affect the gut development of host defense and predispose to inflammation rather than to homeostasis, leading to increased susceptibility to disease later in life. Babies born by cesarean section have a higher incidence of allergy, type 1 diabetes, and obesity. Infants given repeated antibiotic regimens during the first year of life are more likely to have asthma as adolescents. This research breakthrough helps to explain the shift in disease paradigms from infections to immune-mediated in children from developed countries. This review will develop this research breakthrough.
Journal Article
Airports, Air Pollution, and Contemporaneous Health
We link daily air pollution exposure to measures of contemporaneous health for communities surrounding the twelve largest airports in California. These airports are some of the largest sources of air pollution in the US, and they experience large changes in daily air pollution emissions depending on the amount of time planes spend idling on the tarmac. Excess airplane idling, measured as residual daily taxi time, is due to network delays originating in the Eastern US. This idiosyncratic variation in daily airplane taxi time significantly impacts the health of local residents, largely driven by increased levels of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. We use this variation in daily airport congestion to estimate the population doseresponse of health outcomes to daily CO exposure, examining hospitalization rates for asthma, respiratory, and heart-related emergency room admissions. A one standard deviation increase in daily pollution levels leads to an additional $ 540 thousand in hospitalization costs for respiratory and heart-related admissions for the 6 million individuals living within 10 km (6.2 miles) of the airports in California. These health effects occur at levels of CO exposure far below existing Environmental Protection Agency mandates, and our results suggest there may be sizable morbidity benefits from lowering the existing CO standard.
Journal Article
41 : a portrait of my father
George W. Bush covers the entire scope of the elder President Bush's life and career, including his service in the Pacific during World War II, his pioneering work in the Texas oil business, and his political rise as a Congressman, U.S. Representative to China and the United Nations, CIA Director, Vice President, and 41st President of the United States.
Book
Short chain fatty acids produced by colonizing intestinal commensal bacterial interaction with expressed breast milk are anti-inflammatory in human immature enterocytes
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal emergency that affects ten percent of very low birth weight premature babies and costs society in both expense and heartache. It is probably caused by an inappropriate interaction of colonizing bacteria with an immature intestine. A possible preventative measure is to feed prematures their mother's expressed breast milk in conjunction with a probiotic. This synbiotic prevention reduces the severity and incidence of this condition. This study was designed to determine the mechanism of the synbiotic effect in human and mouse fetal intestine. Breast milk interacting with a NEC preventative probiotic such as Bifidobacterium infantis can produce increased levels of short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate) (SCFAs). SCFAs are known to be anti-inflammatory in mature enterocytes and immunocytes. Very little is known about their role in immature intestine. When exposed to a human fetal cell line, fetal intestinal organoids and fetal mouse intestine, these SCFAs were anti-inflammatory. Their mechanism of anti-inflammation differed from those reported for mature cells by involving the G-protein coupled receptor (GPR 109A) and inhibiting histone deacetylase 4 and 5. These bacterial metabolites may help explain the synbiotic anti-inflammatory effect of breast milk and probiotics given to premature infants at risk for NEC.
Journal Article
مذكرات جورج دبليو بوش : قرارات مصيرية
يغطي الكتاب 2685 يوما كانت الفترة التي حكم بها جورج بوش الابن الولايات المتحدة الأميركية وتحكم بمصائر دول وشعوب،. كما يغطي الكتاب حيزا كبيرا من حياة بوش، كون شخصيته وشكل عقيدته وأفكاره، وسلط الضوء على علاقته بأبويه وزوجته، عاداته والتغيرات التي طرأت عليها، التحاقه بمدرسة داخلية، شغفه بدراسة التاريخ، إقلاعه عن التبغ والكحول، زواجه ومحاولة تبنيه لطفل بعد أن تأخرت زوجته كثيرا لتحمل وتنجب. تحدث بوش عن نجاحاته وإخفاقاته على الصعيدين الداخلي والخارجي مدعما حديثه بوثائق حكومية ومقابلات شخصية وتقارير إخبارية ومصادر أخرى لم ترفع عنها السرية بعد. تأثره بريغان وبأبيه.القرارات المصيرية التي اتخذها. حقيقة صناعة القرار في الولايات المتحدة وعلاقة الرئيس بها. أسرار اختياره لمستشاريه. تفاصيل يوم الحادي عشر من أيلول-سبتمبر 2001 بنهاره وليله، تحركاته في هذا اليوم وتحركات كل أفراد الإدارة الأميركية وردود أفعال كل منهم. تفاصيل حربه على صدام حسين وشعب العراق وملابسات أسلحة الدمار الشامل، وتعاطيه مع تصرفات الجنود الأميركيين هناك ولا سيما في سجن أبو غريب. تفاصيل حربه على أفغانستان وكيفية تلقيه لتقارير الاستخبارات الواردة من هناك. المشاكل والانتقادات التي تعرض لها خلال فترة حكمه.
BOOK
Environmental Regulation and Labor Reallocation: Evidence from the Clean Air Act
This paper uses newly available data on plant level regulatory status linked to the Census Longitudinal Business Database to measure the impact of changes in county level environmental regulations on plant and sector employment levels. Estimates from a variety of specifications suggest a strong connection between changes in environmental regulatory stringency and both employment growth and levels in the affected sectors. The preferred estimates suggest that changes in county level regulatory status due to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments reduced the size of the regulated sector by as much as 15 percent in the 10 years following the changes.
Journal Article