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"Wallace, James"
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Garth Williams, American illustrator : a life
This is a biography of Garth Williams as an artist and illustrator, of how his journey led him from sculpture awards at the Royal College of Art to capturing the epitome of frontier life in the West, or etching humanity into beloved animal characters. The biography also explores the historical context that affected Williams' life and art, whether in the Old World or fostering cultural expression in the New.
Book
Transitional–turbulent spots and turbulent–turbulent spots in boundary layers
Two observations drawn from a thoroughly validated direct numerical simulation of the canonical spatially developing, zero-pressure gradient, smooth, flat-plate boundary layer are presented here. The first is that, for bypass transition in the narrow sense defined herein, we found that the transitional–turbulent spot inception mechanism is analogous to the secondary instability of boundary-layer natural transition, namely a spanwise vortex filament becomes a Λ vortex and then, a hairpin packet. Long streak meandering does occur but usually when a streak is infected by a nearby existing transitional–turbulent spot. Streak waviness and breakdown are, therefore, not the mechanisms for the inception of transitional–turbulent spots found here. Rather, they only facilitate the growth and spreading of existing transitional–turbulent spots. The second observation is the discovery, in the inner layer of the developed turbulent boundary layer, of what we call turbulent–turbulent spots. These turbulent–turbulent spots are dense concentrations of small-scale vortices with high swirling strength originating from hairpin packets. Although structurally quite similar to the transitional–turbulent spots, these turbulent–turbulent spots are generated locally in the fully turbulent environment, and they are persistent with a systematic variation of detection threshold level. They exert indentation, segmentation, and termination on the viscous sublayer streaks, and they coincide with local concentrations of high levels of Reynolds shear stress, enstrophy, and temperature fluctuations. The sublayer streaks seem to be passive and are often simply the rims of the indentation pockets arising from the turbulent–turbulent spots.
Journal Article
On the organic law of change : a facsimile edition and annotated transcription of Alfred Russel Wallace's Species notebook of 1855-1859 /
Notes from Wallace's Malay expedition.
Book
Enhancing reaction-based de novo design using a multi-label reaction class recommender
Reaction-based de novo design refers to the in-silico generation of novel chemical structures by combining reagents using structural transformations derived from known reactions. The driver for using reaction-based transformations is to increase the likelihood of the designed molecules being synthetically accessible. We have previously described a reaction-based de novo design method based on reaction vectors which are transformation rules that are encoded automatically from reaction databases. A limitation of reaction vectors is that they account for structural changes that occur at the core of a reaction only, and they do not consider the presence of competing functionalities that can compromise the reaction outcome. Here, we present the development of a Reaction Class Recommender to enhance the reaction vector framework. The recommender is intended to be used as a filter on the reaction vectors that are applied during de novo design to reduce the combinatorial explosion of in-silico molecules produced while limiting the generated structures to those which are most likely to be synthesisable. The recommender has been validated using an external data set extracted from the recent medicinal chemistry literature and in two simulated de novo design experiments. Results suggest that the use of the recommender drastically reduces the number of solutions explored by the algorithm while preserving the chance of finding relevant solutions and increasing the global synthetic accessibility of the designed molecules.
Journal Article
Voices from exile : essays in memory of Hamish Ritchie
\"The sixteen essays in this volume are a tribute to Hamish Ritchie's deep interest in exile as a literary and historical phenomenon. The first eight focus on the British and Irish context, including studies of Jürgen Kuczynski and his family, Martin Miller, Lilly Kann, Hermann Sinsheimer, Albin Stuebs, and Ludwig Hopf, as well as contributions on the Association of Jewish Refugees, the Büchergilde Gutenberg, and the exile experience as reflected in Klaus Mann's Der Vulkan. The following four contributions widen the discussion to encompass Germany, the Netherlands, Austria and Yugoslavia by focusing on the diaries of Anne Frank and Etty Hillesum, the early poetry of Bertolt Brecht, and works by Vladimir Vertlib, Aleksandar Ajzinberg, and David Albahari. The historical dimension is deepened with contributions on William Joyce, Joseph Jonas, the marginalisation of the mass emigration of the Jews within German memory, and the 'exile' of princesses for whom until recent times marriage often meant a life far from home\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Greek and Byzantine Philosophical Exegesis
Philosophy is an enterprise that was construed in various ways by early Christian theologians.These essays examine the relation between philosophy, the New Testament and the exegetical works of patristic interpreters.
eBook
Design and maintenance of medical oxygen concentrators in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Background
Oxygen therapy is critical and vital treatment for hypoxemia and respiratory distress, however, access to reliable oxygen systems remains limited in SSA. Despite WHO initiatives that distributed over 30,000 OC oxygen concentrators worldwide, SSA faces significant challenges related to their maintenance and use, due to harsh environmental conditions, technical skill shortages and inadequate infrastructure. This review aims to systematically identify and assess the literature on OC design adaptations, maintenance challenges, and knowledge gaps in SSA, providing actionable recommendations to inform innovative and context-sensitive solutions to improve healthcare delivery in the region.
Methods
The study focused on medical oxygen concentrators in SSA countries. It was conducted by following the PRISMA statement and searching three databases, i.e., Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, for publications in the period 2001–2023, using the search terms: oxygen concentrator, therapy, cylinder, plant, supply, delivery, and availability, design, and maintenance. The screening process involved evaluating manuscripts based on their titles, abstracts and full texts, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The extracted information included the author’s publication year, country, study aim, and key findings.
Results
Overall, 1,057 papers were returned for our analysis, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. These studies primarily examined the design, availability and cost-effectiveness of oxygen concentrators compared to cylinders, revealing a significant supply and demand gap for these devices in SSA. It also illustrated how the environmental challenges impacted the devices durability, highlighting the need for more locally adapted resilient solutions. Solar-powered systems provide a sustainable option in areas with unstable power supplies, although initial costs remain high. Robust maintenance strategies, capacity building and strict procurement protocols proved essential to ensuring equipment long-term functionality.
Conclusion
This review synthesized and critically assessed the current in the body of literature, enabling highlighting valuable insights for innovators and stakeholders with an interest in enhancing the oxygen availability in SSA. It highlighted a pressing need for improved healthcare infrastructure investment, context-aware OC design and novel standards and regulatory frameworks to support frugal innovation.
Journal Article
Factors associated with neck pain in fighter aircrew: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Neck pain is a common complaint among fighter aircrew, impacting workforce health and operational capability. This systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate and synthesise the current evidence for factors associated with the occurrence of neck pain among fighter aircrew. Six electronic databases were searched in June 2019 and updated in June 2020 utilising the maximum date ranges. Included studies were appraised for methodological quality, ranked according to level of evidence and relevant data extracted. Where methods were homogeneous and data availability allowed, meta-analyses were performed. A total of 20 studies (16 cross sectional, one case–control, one retrospective cohort and two prospective cohort) were eligible for inclusion. Of the 44 factors investigated, consistent evidence was reported for greater occurrence of neck pain among aircrew operating more advanced aircraft and those exposed to more desk/computer work, while another 12 factors reported consistent evidence for no association. Of the 20 factors where meta-analyses could be performed, greater occurrence of neck pain was indicated for aircrew: flying more advanced aircraft, undertaking warm-up stretching and not placing their head against the seat under greater +Gz. Despite many studies investigating factors associated with neck pain among fighter aircrew, methodological limitations limited the ability to identify those factors that are most important to future preventive programmes. High-quality prospective studies with consistent use of definitions are required before we can implement efficient and effective programmes to reduce the prevalence and impact of neck pain in fighter aircrew. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019128952.Neck pain is a common complaint among fighter aircrew, impacting workforce health and operational capability. This systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate and synthesise the current evidence for factors associated with the occurrence of neck pain among fighter aircrew.
Journal Article
Latent classes associated with the intention to use a symptom checker for self-triage
It is currently unknown which attitude-based profiles are associated with symptom checker use for self-triage. We sought to identify, among university students, attitude-based latent classes (population profiles) and the association between latent classes with the future use of symptom checkers for self-triage. Informed by the Technology Acceptance Model and a larger mixed methods study, a cross-sectional survey was developed and administered to students (aged between 18 and 34 years of age) at a University in Ontario. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify attitude-based profiles that exist among the sample while general linear modeling was applied to identify the association between latent classes and future symptom checker use for self-triage. Of the 1,547 students who opened the survey link, 1,365 did not use a symptom checker in the past year and were thus identified as “non-users”. After removing missing data (remaining sample = n = 1,305), LCA revealed five attitude-based profiles: tech acceptors , tech rejectors , skeptics , tech seekers , and unsure acceptors . Tech acceptors and tech rejectors were the most and least prevalent classes, respectively. As compared to tech rejectors , tech seekers and unsure acceptors were the latent classes with the highest and lowest odds of future symptom checker use, respectively. After controlling for confounders, the effect of latent classes on symptom checker use remains significant (p-value < .0001) with the odds of future use in tech acceptors being 5.6 times higher than the odds of future symptom checker use in tech rejectors [CI: (3.458, 9.078); p-value < .0001]. Attitudes towards AI and symptom checker functionality result in different population profiles that have different odds of using symptom checkers for self-triage. Identifying a person’s or group’s membership to a population profile could help in developing and delivering tailored interventions aimed at maximizing use of validated symptom checkers.
Journal Article