Explore the vast range of titles available.

Energy poverty is prevalent in resource-limited settings, leading households to use inefficient fuels and appliances that contribute to household air pollution. Randomized controlled trials of household energy interventions in low and middle income countries have largely focused on cooking services. Less is known about the adoption and impact of clean lighting interventions. We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed methods study as part of a randomized controlled trial of home solar lighting systems in rural Uganda in order to identify contextual factors determining the use and impact of the solar lighting intervention. We used sensors to track usage, longitudinally assessed household lighting expenditures and health-related quality of life, and performed cost-effectiveness analyses. Qualitative interviews were conducted with all 80 trial participants and coded using reflexive thematic analysis. Uptake of the intervention solar lighting system was high with daily use averaging 8.23 ± 5.30 h d −1 . The intervention solar lighting system increased the EQ5D index by 0.025 (95% CI 0.002–0.048) and led to an average monthly change in household lighting costs by −1.28 (−2.52, −0.85) US dollars, with higher savings in users of fuel-based lighting. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the solar lighting intervention was $2025.72 US dollars per quality adjusted life year gained making the intervention cost-effective when benchmarked against the gross domestic product per capita in Uganda. Thematic analysis of qualitative data from individual interviews showed that solar lighting was transformative and associated with numerous benefits that fit within a social determinants of health (SDOH) framework. The benefits included improved household finances, improved educational performance of children, increased household safety, improved family and community cohesion, and improved perceived household health. Our findings suggest that household solar lighting interventions may be a cost-effective approach to improve health-related quality of life by addressing SDOH.

Emerging observational studies suggest air pollution can influence the gut microbiome. However, this association is often highly confounded by factors such as diet and poverty. The gut virome may influence respiratory health independent of the gut microbiome. We recently demonstrated in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03351504) that a clean lighting intervention reduced personal exposure to air pollution among adult women in rural Uganda. To determine the effect of a solar lighting intervention on changes to the gut microbiome and virome and secondarily to determine association between these changes on lung health. Between 2018 and 2019, we collected stool samples and assessed respiratory symptoms and spirometry from 80 adult women living in rural Uganda at baseline, 12 and 18 months post-randomization. The intervention group received a solar lighting system after randomization, while the waitlist-controlled group received one at 12 months. Deep metagenomics sequencing of stool was performed and profiled for non-viral and viral taxonomic composition. The primary analysis focused on pre- vs. post-intervention changes due power considerations, adjusting for potential confounding by age, diet, antibiotic use, and season. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using intention-to-treat principles. When comparing pre- vs. post-intervention periods, we used sparse partial least squares models to identify non-viral and viral signatures of reduced air pollution exposure. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate changes in health outcomes as well as associations between microbial signatures of reduced air pollution exposure and health. The average age was 39.2 years. The solar lighting intervention led to larger changes in viral compared to non-viral microbial community structure and differential abundance of bacteria, eukaryotes, and viruses. Provision of solar lighting systems was associated with a reduction in the presence of respiratory symptoms from 57.1% to 36.1% (p = 0.002) while there was no impact on lung function. Microbiome and virome signatures had AUCs of 0.74 and 0.76 respectively, in predicting pre- vs. post-intervention stool samples. Microbiome signatures were associated with a lower risk of respiratory symptoms (OR 0.68 (0.49-0.94), p = 0.020). Among adult women living in rural Uganda, both non-viral and viral components of the gut microbial community changed after a clean lighting intervention. Microbiome signatures reflective of lower air pollution exposures were associated with improved respiratory symptoms. These observations suggest that air pollution may influence lung health through the gut-lung axis, warranting further exploration in future intervention studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16002.

Interestingly enough, I just read his new play, Finishing the Picture. Because it deals with something I was closely connected with, The Misfits. Have you read the play? Because Marilyn, in most of the play, is bedridden and she can't get up and face the cameras. [...]in his play, Finishing the Picture, Marilyn was just not able to face the camera. Because the camera is a very perceptive and insightful instrument. Because I saw a lot of the productions, as a young man, of the Group Theatre.

Uses contemporary photographs to show the interior of Freud's home in Vienna in 1938 and explores the political situation in Nazi Vienna, showing why Freud left his home for London.

The neighborhood around the school, located just north of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine's campus, has been undergoing an urban renewal project since 2000, when the U.S. Government, the State of Maryland, the City of Baltimore, the Johns Hopkins Institutions and many more organizations came together to form East Baltimore Development, Inc . Since then, EBDI has been working to change the East Baltimore neighborhood, once known for its high crime rates and drug use, into a mixed-use, mixed-income community.

The neighborhood around the school, located just north of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine's campus, has been undergoing an urban renewal project since 2000, when the U.S. Government, the State of Maryland, the City of Baltimore, the Johns Hopkins Institutions and many more organizations came together to form East Baltimore Development, Inc . Since then, EBDI has been working to change the East Baltimore neighborhood, once known for its high crime rates and drug use, into a mixed-use, mixed-income community.