Explore the vast range of titles available.

Plants are continuously exposed to a myriad of abiotic and biotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which these stress signals are perceived and transduced are poorly understood. To begin to identify primary stress signal transduction components, we have focused on genes that respond rapidly (within 5 min) to stress signals. Because it has been hypothesized that detection of physical stress is a mechanism common to mounting a response against a broad range of environmental stresses, we have utilized mechanical wounding as the stress stimulus and performed whole genome microarray analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue. This led to the identification of a number of rapid wound responsive (RWR) genes. Comparison of RWR genes with published abiotic and biotic stress microarray datasets demonstrates a large overlap across a wide range of environmental stresses. Interestingly, RWR genes also exhibit a striking level and pattern of circadian regulation, with induced and repressed genes displaying antiphasic rhythms. Using bioinformatic analysis, we identified a novel motif overrepresented in the promoters of RWR genes, herein designated as the Rapid Stress Response Element (RSRE). We demonstrate in transgenic plants that multimerized RSREs are sufficient to confer a rapid response to both biotic and abiotic stresses in vivo, thereby establishing the functional involvement of this motif in primary transcriptional stress responses. Collectively, our data provide evidence for a novel cis-element that is distributed across the promoters of an array of diverse stress-responsive genes, poised to respond immediately and coordinately to stress signals. This structure suggests that plants may have a transcriptional network resembling the general stress signaling pathway in yeast and that the RSRE element may provide the key to this coordinate regulation.

The Smacoviridae has recently been classified as a family of small circular single-stranded DNA viruses. An increasing number of smacovirus genomes have been identified exclusively in faecal matter of various vertebrate species and from insect body parts. However, the genetic diversity and host range of smacoviruses remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we report the genetic characterization of eleven c ircular r eplication-associated protein ( Rep ) e ncoding s ingle- s tranded (CRESS) DNA viruses detected in the faeces of Zambian non-human primates. Based on pairwise genome-wide and amino acid identities with reference smacovirus species, ten of the identified CRESS DNA viruses are assigned to the genera Porprismacovirus and Huchismacovirus of the family Smacoviridae , which bidirectionally encode two major open reading frames (ORFs): Rep and capsid protein ( CP ) characteristic of a type IV genome organization. The remaining unclassified CRESS DNA virus was related to smacoviruses but possessed a genome harbouring a unidirectionally oriented CP and Rep , assigned as a type V genome organization. Moreover, phylogenetic and recombination analyses provided evidence for recombination events encompassing the 3′-end of the Rep ORF in the unclassified CRESS DNA virus. Our findings increase the knowledge of the known genetic diversity of smacoviruses and highlight African non-human primates as carrier animals.

The committee, consisting of representatives from the DNR as well as the eight Chippewa bands that have 1837 treaty fishing rights, also recommended the yellow perch harvest level at 270,000 pounds and the northern pike harvest level at 25,000 pounds, both the same as last year.

Ranger 482VS Classic BASS & WALLEYE BOATS PL: Not returned BOX: Base price: $28,500. Price as tested: $28,500. Length (with pulltruded transom): 19 feet, 5 inches. Beam: 7 feet, 6 inches. Engine as tested: Johnson FastStrike 150. Trailered weight: 3,580 pounds. Fuel capacity: 46 gallons. Maximum horsepower: 175. Manufacturer: Ranger Boats, Flippin, Ark.; (501) 453-2222.

Allison XB-2003 ProSport. BASS & WALLEYE BOATS PL: Out file BOX: Base price: $17,500. Price as tested (with Mercury Pro-Max 225 horsepower engine): $33,540. Length: 20 feet, 3 inches. Beam: 7 feet, 4 inches. Engine as tested: Mercury Pro-Max 225 horsepower. Trailered weight: 2,775 pounds. Fuel capacity: 30 gallons Manufacturer: Allison Boats, Louisville, Tenn.; (615) 983-5920.

The new Hydra-Sports 171 got the same hull that OMC's designers have used in Stratos, Javelin and Hydra-Sports high-performance bass models - a bottom that delivers a smooth, dry ride. The 171's bottom is a complex series of steps that lifts the boat quickly with a minimum of triennial application, while softening the pounding of waves and wakes.

One source of irritation: [Johnson] and Evinrude jets require lubrication with OMC wheel-bearing grease after every trip to the water, a simple procedure if you have the stuff needed to do the job. The test boat did not, and I had to track down a grease gun and the proper lubricant and the OMC-brand of grease at the end of the run. Normally, OMC packages these items with every jet outboard it ships.

[LUND] 1890 V Signature PL: Out file BOX: Lund 1890 Pro V Signature Price as tested: $27,304. Maximum horsepower: 90. Length: 18 feet, 10 inches. Beam: 91 inches. Radar top speed: 34 mph. Dry weight: 1,225 pounds. Engine: 1994 Evinrude 85 Tiller Backtroller. Kicker motor: 1994 Evinrude 9.9. Manufacturer: Lund Boat Co., New York Mills, Minn.; (218) 385-2235.

There are big boats and there are quick boats, but there are not many big, quick boats. Champion's recently upgraded entry in the bass boat market makes the latter grade.