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"Walsh, Patrick"
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Nation-based peer assessment of Europe’s Sustainable Development Goal performance
Less than seven years remain for Europe to meet the targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However robust and accurate methods for assessing SDG progress are currently lacking. Through the development of several SDG indices, this study addresses this critical knowledge gap by providing the means to accurately identify national ’problem areas’ and thereby accelerate SDG achievement. Specifically, an indicator-based approach has been used to create a composite index containing 166 unique SDG indicators that assess a nation’s SDG performance compared to the best and worst performers in the European Union (EU). Our results indicate that each EU nation is on average, 58% of the way towards the best performer in the overall SDG indicator framework. A nuanced taxonomy has been developed that allows for the assessment of SDG performance in several critical dimensions of the SDGs, including in ’Means-of-Implementation (MoI)’, ’Linkage’, and ’Outcome’ indicators. The index’s comprehensive framework allows for EU’s performance in individual SDG indicators to be investigated while providing the most accurate assessment of national SDG performance, to date. Overall, the indices presented in this paper can significantly enhance the understanding of SDG performance while concurrently guiding national and EU SDG policy development.
Journal Article
Visible light-promoted CO2 fixation with imines to synthesize diaryl α-amino acids
Light-mediated transformations with CO
2
have recently attracted great attention, with the focus on CO
2
incorporation into C–C double and triple bonds, organohalides and amines. Herein is demonstrated visible light -mediated umpolung imine reactivity capable of engaging CO
2
to afford α-amino acid derivatives. By employing benzophenone ketimine derivatives, CO
2
fixation by hydrocarboxylation of C=N double bonds is achieved. Good to excellent yields of a broad range of α,α–disubstituted α-amino acid derivatives are obtained under mild conditions (rt, atmospheric pressure of CO
2
, visible light). A procedure that avoids tedious chromatographic purification and uses sustainable sunlight is developed to highlight the simplicity of this method.
Fixation of CO
2
in organic molecules is an area of great interest due to the implications in sustainable chemistry. Here, the authors show a visible light-mediated hydrocarboxylation of ketimines with atmospheric CO
2
to afford a number of α,α–diaryl α-amino acid derivatives.
Journal Article
Eculizumab in the treatment of Shiga toxin haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) remains a leading cause of paediatric acute kidney injury (AKI). Haemolytic uraemic syndrome is characterised by the triad of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and AKI. In ~ 90% of cases, HUS is a consequence of infection with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), most commonly serotype O157:H7. Acute mortality from STEC-HUS is now less than 5%; however, there is significant long-term renal morbidity in one third of survivors. Currently, no specific treatment exists for STEC-HUS. There is growing interest in the role of complement in the pathogenesis of STEC-HUS due to the discovery of inherited and acquired dysregulation of the alternative complement system in the closely related disorder, atypical HUS (aHUS). The treatment of aHUS has been revolutionised by the introduction of the anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, eculizumab. However, the role of complement and anti-complement therapy in STEC-HUS remains unclear. Herein, we review the current evidence of the role of complement in STEC-HUS focusing on the use of eculizumab in this disease.
Journal Article
One-pot aminobenzylation of aldehydes with toluenes
Amines are fundamental motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. Using simple toluene derivatives, a one-pot aminobenzylation of aldehydes is introduced that provides rapid access to amines. Simply combining benzaldehydes, toluenes, NaN(SiMe
3
)
2
, and additive Cs(O
2
CCF
3
) (0.35 equiv.) generates a diverse array of 1,2-diarylethylamine derivatives (36 examples, 56–98% yield). Furthermore, suitably functionalized 1,2-diarylethylamines were transformed into 2-aryl-substituted indoline derivatives via Buchwald–Hartwig amination. It is proposed that the successful deprotonation of toluene by MN(SiMe
3
)
2
is facilitated by cation–π interactions between the arene and the group(I) cation that acidify the benzylic C–Hs.
Amines are common targets in synthetic chemistry as they often display biological activity. Here, the authors report a one-pot aminobenzylation of aldehydes with readily available toluenes in presence of a sodium amide derivative and a cesium salt additive generating an array of valuable 1,2-diarylethylamine compounds.
Journal Article
Dr. Patrick Walsh's guide to surviving prostate cancer
\"Each year, more than 230,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 30 to 40 percent of patients who are diagnosed will eventually relapse. But the good news is that more men are being cured of this disease than ever before. Now in a revised third edition, this lifesaving guide by Dr. Patrick Walsh and award-winning science writer Janet Farrar Worthington offers a message of hope to every man facing this illness. Prostate cancer is a different disease in every man, which means that the right treatment varies for each man. Readers will discover their risk factors, simple changes that can reduce the risk of developing the disease, treatment options, and more\"--Amazon.com.
Book
Photoredox-catalyzed oxo-amination of aryl cyclopropanes
Cyclopropanes represent a class of versatile building blocks in modern organic synthesis. While the release of ring strain offers a thermodynamic driving force, the control of selectivity for C–C bond cleavage and the subsequent regiochemistry of the functionalization remains difficult, especially for unactivated cyclopropanes. Here we report a photoredox-coupled ring-opening oxo-amination of electronically unbiased cyclopropanes, which enables the expedient construction of a host of structurally diverse
β
-amino ketone derivatives. Through one electron oxidation, the relatively inert aryl cyclopropanes are readily converted into reactive radical cation intermediates, which in turn participate in the ensuing ring-opening functionalizations. Based on mechanistic studies, the present oxo-amination is proposed to proceed through an S
N
2-like nucleophilic attack/ring-opening manifold. This protocol features wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of dioxygen as an oxidant both for catalyst regeneration and oxygen-incorporation. Moreover, a one-pot formal aminoacylation of olefins is described through a sequential cyclopropanation/oxo-amination.
The ring-opening and functionalization of electronically unbiased cyclopropanes is highly challenging to achieve in a regioselective fashion. Here, the authors report a mild photoredox-coupled oxoamination of electronically unactivated aryl cyclopropanes with simple azaarenes and molecular oxygen.
Journal Article