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\"Exploring the career and legacy of the artist Nancy Elizabeth Prophet, whose sculptural figures embody her uncompromising sovereignty over her work and life. This book offers a nuanced and comprehensive presentation of the life and work of Nancy Elizabeth Prophet (1890-1960), whose figural sculptures in wood, marble, and bronze combined the aesthetic concerns of modernism with the beaux-arts tradition. An artist of African American and Narragansett ancestry, Prophet was the first known woman of color to graduate from the Rhode Island School of Design. Though she studied portraiture, she produced a body of evocative sculpture conveying atmosphere and emotion rather than depicting individuals. Through original essays, catalogue entries on Prophet's major works, and an illustrated chronology of her remarkable life, this book reframes Prophet's powerful work and legacy. Contributors trace the artist's transatlantic career, from Parisian ateliers to Spelman College, and consider topics such as the art institutions Prophet navigated, the stylistic connections between her figurative sculpture and the work of her modernist contemporaries, her Afro-Indigenous heritage, and how she resisted predetermined conceptions of her cultural identity. Demonstrating how Prophet continues to inspire a new generation of artists and viewers today, contemporary artist Simone Leigh assesses her shared practice with Prophet, who offers a model of fearless devotion to her work. Published in association with the RISD Museum.\" -- Amazon

Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is frequently used to administer health-related surveys and experiments at a low cost, but little is known about its representativeness with regards to health status and behaviors. A cross-sectional survey comprised of questions from the nationally-representative 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was administered to 591 MTurk workers and 393 masters in 2016. Health status (asthma, depression, BMI, and general health), health behaviors (influenza vaccination, health insurance, smoking, and physical activity), and demographic characteristics of the two MTurk populations (workers and masters) were compared to each other and, using Poisson regression, to a nationally-representative BRFSS and NHANES samples. Workers and master demographics were similar. MTurk users were more likely to be aged under 50 years compared to the national sample (86% vs. 55%) and more likely to complete a college degree than the national sample (50% vs. 26%). Adjusting for covariates, MTurk users were less likely to be vaccinated for influenza, to smoke, to have asthma, to self-report being in excellent or very good health, to exercise, and have health insurance but over twice as likely to screen positive for depression relative to a national sample. Results were fairly consistent among different age groups. MTurk workers are not a generalizable population with regards to health status and behaviors; deviations did not follow a trend. Appropriate health-related uses for MTurk and ways to improve upon the generalizability of MTurk health studies are proposed.

Objectives Child care is an important setting for the promotion of physical activity (PA) in early childhood. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between specific PA environments and recommended practices in child care settings as well as the degree to which child care settings met recommended standards for total PA time. Methods In 2013, all programs licensed to care for children ages 2–5 in WA state were surveyed about their PA related practices. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of meeting best-practice standards for outdoor time and PA. Results The response rate was 45.8 % from centers (692/1511) and 32.1 % from homes (1281/3991). Few programs reported meeting best-practice standards for the amount of time children spend being physically active (centers: 12.1 %, homes: 20.1 %) and outdoor time (centers: 21.8 %, homes: 21.7 %). Programs where children go outside regardless of weather and those reporting more adult-led PA had higher odds of meeting best-practice standards for both PA and outdoor time. Meeting best-practice standards for outdoor time was the strongest predictor of meeting best-practice standards for total PA time [centers: OR 15.9 (9.3–27.2), homes: OR 5.2 (3.8–7.1)]. Conclusions for Practice There is considerable room for improvement in licensed child care settings in WA to meet best-practice standards for young children’s outdoor and PA time. Initiatives that create policies and environments encouraging outdoor play and adult-led PA in child care have the potential to increase physical activity in substantial numbers of young children.

Evidence supports an association between religion and spirituality and health outcomes. The aim of this study is to examine religious beliefs related to health and their relationship to self-rated health in a large and diverse population-based sample in Chicago. Three religious beliefs were assessed—the importance of prayer for health, God’s will as the most important factor in getting well, and sanctity of the body. All three beliefs were highly prevalent, especially among racial/ethnic minorities. Unadjusted models showed a significant association between two of the beliefs and self-rated health, which did not persist in the adjusted models. This study provides insight into different belief patterns among racial/ethnic groups and has practical implications for both clinicians and public health practitioners.

Background Social media has changed the way surgeons communicate worldwide, particularly in dissemination of trial results. However, it is unclear if social media could be used in recruitment to surgical trials. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Twitter in promoting surgical recruitment in The Emergency Laparotomy and Frailty (ELF) Study. Methods The ELF Study was a UK-based, prospective, observational cohort that aimed to assess the influence of frailty on 90-day mortality in older adults undergoing emergency surgery. A power calculation required 500 patients to be recruited to detect a 10% change in mortality associated with frailty. A 12-week recruitment period was selected, calculated from information submitted by participating hospitals and the numbers of emergency surgeries performed in adults aged > 65 years. A Twitter handle was designed (@ELFStudy) with eye-catching logos to encourage enrolment and inform the public and clinicians involved in the study. Twitter Analytics and Twitonomy (Digonomy Pty Ltd) were used to analyse user engagement in relation to patient recruitment. Results After 90 days of data collection, 49 sites from Scotland, England and Wales recruited 952 consecutive patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, with data logged into a database created on REDCap. Target recruitment ( n  = 500) was achieved by week 11. A total of 591 tweets were published by @ELFStudy since its conception, making 218,136 impressions at time of writing. The number of impressions (number of times users see a particular tweet) prior to March 20th 2017 (study commencement date) was 23,335 (343.2 per tweet), compared to the recruitment period with 114,314 impressions (256.3 per tweet), ending June 20th 2017. Each additional tweet was associated with an increase in recruitment of 1.66 (95%CI 1.36 to 1.97; p  < 0.001). Conclusion The ELF Study over-recruited by nearly 100%, reaching over 200,000 people across the U.K. Branding enhanced tweet aesthetics and helped increase tweet engagement to stimulate discussion and healthy competition amongst clinicians to aid trial recruitment. Other studies may draw from the social media experiences of the ELF Study to optimise collaboration amongst researchers. Trial registration This study is registered online at www.clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT02952430 ) and has been approved by the National Health Service Research Ethics Committee.

Abstract Background: To examine feasibility and initial efficacy of having previously treated parents serve as peer interventionists in family-based behavioral weight management treatment (FBT). Methods: Children aged 7–11 years with overweight/obesity and parents (n = 59 families) were enrolled in one of two pilot trials, the EPICH (Engaging Parents in Child Health) randomized trial comparing professional versus peer FBT delivery or the Parent Partnership trial, which provided professionally delivered FBT to families (first generation) and then randomly assigned first generation parents to either be or not be peer interventionists for subsequent families (second generation). Efficacy (child zBMI change), feasibility, and costs for delivering FBT, and impacts of being a peer interventionist were examined. Results: In EPICH, families receiving professional versus peer intervention had similar decreases in child zBMI and parent BMI, with markedly lower costs for peer versus professional delivery. In Parent Partnership, families receiving peer intervention significantly decreased weight status, with very preliminary evidence suggesting better maintenance of child zBMI changes if parents served as peer interventionists. Previously treated parents were willing, highly confident, and able to serve as peer interventionists in FBT. Conclusions: Two pilot randomized clinical trials suggest parents-as-peer interventionists in FBT may be feasible, efficacious, and delivered at lower costs, with perhaps some additional benefits to serving as a peer interventionist. More robust investigation is warranted of peer treatment delivery models for pediatric weight management.

Background: Malaria is a treatable disease yet is a leading cause of death of children in Uganda. Children who experience ACT treatment delay of 24 hours or more are in danger of the progression of uncomplicated malaria to severe, life-threatening malaria. Previous research has examined populations that are more at risk of experiencing delay, and types of sources accessed by caregivers of children with malaria, but no quantitative model has been previous used to examine the relationship between treatment-seeking actions taken, delay, and disease progression. Methods: Caregivers of children (n = 325) with severe malaria presenting to Jinja Children’s Hospital were interviewed about their treatment-seeking itineraries from onset of fever up until hospital enrollment. The actions taken at each step and the exact time at which they occurred were used to create a continuous-time, multi-state Markov model. Frequency of each action, average time spent on each action, and probabilities of taking each action given the last action taken were calculated. Two hypothetical counterfactual scenarios, one in which visiting drug shops was not allowed (counterfactual 1), and another in which drug shop visits were considered perfectly effective (counterfactual 2), were simulated, and the proportion of delayed cases was calculated in each scenario. Results: Of cases analyzed (314), 33.4% visited a drug shop at some point in their treatment-seeking itinerary. Almost half (48%) of all drug shop visitors went home to self-medicate as their next step. Staying home and staying home to self-medicate contributed the greatest amount of time (30 hours and 35 hours, respectively) of any action. Of the real itineraries analyzed, 86.0% of cases experienced treatment delay of greater than 24 hours. In counterfactual 1, this number dropped to 70.1% of cases experiencing delay, and in counterfactual 2, 65.3% of cases experienced delay. Conclusions: Drug shops played a substantial role in the delay of appropriate treatment among cases with severe malaria eventually presenting to a regional referral hospital. Interventions that address both drug shop use and drug shop effectiveness have great potential to decrease delay and severe malaria progression on a population level.

THE ADVANCE OF THE \"THIRD WAVE\" OF DEMOCRATIZATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM HAS LED TO AN EMBRACE OF EXPLICIT POLICIES OF DEMOCRACY PROMOTION BY THE UNITED STATES, GREAT BRITAIN, CANADA AND OTHERS. ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING ASPECTS OF THIS CAMPAIGN IN SUPPORT OF DEMOCRACY INVOLVES THE ACTIVITIES OF GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED INSTITUTES, OR \"POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS,\" WHICH HAVE BEEN CREATED FOR THE EXPRESS PURPOSE OF DEMOCRACY PROMOTION. THIS ARTICLE SURVEYS THE ACTIVITIES OF A SAMPLE OF SUCH POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS FROM THE UNITED STATES, CANADA, AND GREAT BRITAIN, CONCENTRATING ON THEIR GRANT-MAKING EFFORTS (WHICH CONSTITUTE THEIR PRIMARY ACTIVITY). IT IDENTIFIES AND COMPARES THE CHANNELS THROUGH WHICH THESE GRANTS ARE PROVIDED, THE REGIONS AND COUNTRIES TO WHICH THEY ARE DIRECTED, AND THE PURPOSES FOR WHICH THEY ARE APPLIED. THE DATA SUPPORTS THE CONCLUSION THAT THE ACTIONS AND ROLES OF THESE POLITICAL FOUNDATIONS MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE BROAD TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BY HELPING TO GLOBALIZE IDEAS AND NORMS, BUILD A TRANSNATIONAL CIVIL SOCIETY, AND REDEFINE THE NATURE OF SOVEREIGNTY.

Patients with brain injury who require inpatient acute rehabilitation often have significant cognitive deficits that place them at high risk for falls. Complications from patient falls are responsible for minor as well as major injuries, including death. Nurses who care for patients on an acute rehabilitation brain injury unit continually put effort into keeping patients safe and preventing falls. Research on patients with brain injury who fall during acute rehabilitation is limited. This quantitative, descriptive study identified factors that contributed to falls in this population. Medical records from a Midwestern state rehabilitation hospital brain injury unit were reviewed. Data from 50 falls of patients with brain injury were collected from November 2008 to June 2009. In addition, data from 50 medical records of patients with brain injury who had not fallen during the same time frame were reviewed as a control group for comparison. The QAMUR model served as the theoretical framework for this study. Descriptive statistics and logistical regression were used to analyze the data. This study found patients who were more independent with ambulation on admission were less likely to fall. This study found sleeping medications and anticoagulants were associated with patient falls. This study found patients with lower extremity fractures are less likely to fall. Learning about falls on an inpatient acute rehabilitation brain injury unit has the potential to improve fall assessment and intervention strategies for these patients. Having an understanding of how these factors can contribute to patient falls on a brain injury unit can assist the interdisciplinary team to prevent falls.