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This research is aimed to identify the firm's Corporate Social Responsibility, stock index, and firm growth. The corporate social responsiveness of the company is measured by analyzing the annual report of the company. There are 30 samples of 49 population of property and real estate companies in this research. All the companies are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2016.

An electro-viscoelastic constitutive model based on non-constant relaxation time is proposed in this paper. We start by deriving the viscoelastic model from the well-known generalized Maxwell model (GMM) provided with stress–stretch-dependent relaxation time. Here, we consider relaxation time no longer as a constant but a variable that depends on dissipation or viscous process in polymer chains due to electroelastic stress–stretch. Comparison with the electro-viscoelastic experiments shows that our proposed model can capture well dielectric elastomer viscoelastic behaviors under time- and rate-dependent electric loadings for different pre-stretch values.

PurposeThis review frames the state of agencification studies to explore the development and results achieved to date (Q1: what has been done?) and identify future directions (Q2: what could be done?) of the studies.Design/methodology/approachA systematic approach is carried out to summarize how agencification is adopted, variability of implementation, and its effects, from literature published in the past 48 years (1973–2020). Eligibility criteria include a combination of literature quality (number of citation) and source reputation (journal impact factor). From this, 84 articles and 9 books were included in the review.FindingsThe review finds various country-specific adoptions of agencification and some similarities and differences of agencification practice across various administrative settings. Studies on the effects of agencification is limited and offer mixed results. Meanwhile, little attempt was made to reveal how micro-processes are happening in the everyday practice of agencification. The paper outlines a set of research agenda and possible alternative approaches for future studies.Research limitations/implicationsThis review provides an avenue for scholars and practitioners to pay more attention to the “street level” of agencification. Future studies may challenge New Public Management's view of agencification by proposing new perspectives based on a direct observation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the growing amount of agencification studies by synthesizing theoretical and empirical works across countries covering developed and developing economies in local, regional, and national levels of government.

Transfer pricing is a significant issue in the sphere of business and taxation. In various countries, the development of international and multinational corporations can boost the practice of transfer pricing. However, some of them are not based on the arm's length price. This research is aimed to analyze the effextivity profitability tax rate and exchange rate toward the firm decision of transfer pricing. The dependent variable in this research is transfer pricing substituted by the value of related party transaction (RPT) of sales. The independent variables in this research are effective tax rate, profitability, and exchange rate. This study employs secondary data obtained from accessible annual report of 29 multinational corporations listed on Indonesian stock exchange in 2016-2019. The data analysis utilizes regression analysis method or a sample selection according to specific criteria. The results of the analysis in this research show that effective tax rate and exchange rate have a positive and significant influence toward the firm decision of transfer pricing. While profitability does not affect the firm decision of transfer pricing.

Physical neural networks made of analog resistive switching processors are promising platforms for analog computing. State-of-the-art resistive switches rely on either conductive filament formation or phase change. These processes suffer from poor reproducibility or high energy consumption, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate the behavior of an alternative synapse design that relies on a deterministic charge-controlled mechanism, modulated electrochemically in solid-state. The device operates by shuffling the smallest cation, the proton, in a three-terminal configuration. It has a channel of active material, WO 3 . A solid proton reservoir layer, PdH x , also serves as the gate terminal. A proton conducting solid electrolyte separates the channel and the reservoir. By protonation/deprotonation, we modulate the electronic conductivity of the channel over seven orders of magnitude, obtaining a continuum of resistance states. Proton intercalation increases the electronic conductivity of WO 3 by increasing both the carrier density and mobility. This switching mechanism offers low energy dissipation, good reversibility, and high symmetry in programming. Designing energy efficient neural networks based on synaptic memristor devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose the development of a 3-terminal WO 3 synaptic device based on proton intercalation in inorganic materials by leveraging a solid proton reservoir layer PdH x as the gate terminal.

This study attempts to initiate discussions on integrating the concepts of smart classroom and active learning into general English course design. It examines students' learning outcomes after studying a general English course involving ICT integration, integrated-skills approach, and formative assessment, developed from the concepts of smart classroom and active learning. The data were collected during the 3rd academic term (January-May 2018) that consisted of students' pre- and post-tests scores on vocabulary, listening, grammar, reading and writing. There were 983 students (77.8% female and 22.2% male) involved with various educational backgrounds and English proficiency levels. The data were examined by using paired-samples t-test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and analyses of students' improvement by changes of levels. The results indicate significant differences in students' scores in total and across skills. These results shed light on curriculum and course design with regards to the integration of ICT, integrated-skills approach, and formative assessment.

Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) can be made into various products, from oil to butter to roasted snack peanuts and candies, all from the kernels. However, the skin is usually thrown away, used as cheap animal feed, or as one of the ingredients in plant fertilizer due to its little value on the market. For the past ten years, studies have been conducted to determine the full extent of the skin’s bioactive substance repertoire and its powerful antioxidant potential. Alternatively, researchers reported that peanut skin could be used and be profitable in a less-intensive extraction technique. Therefore, this review explores the conventional and green extraction of peanut oil, peanut production, peanut physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and the prospects of valorization of peanut skin. The significance of the valorization of peanut skin is that it contains high antioxidant capacity, catechin, epicatechin resveratrol, and procyanidins, which are also advantageous. It could be exploited in sustainable extraction, notably in the pharmaceutical industries.

The significance of gender awareness in education has been acknowledged, yet insights into the conceptions of gender awareness among students and lecturers at religiously affiliated higher education institutions remain sparse. To bridge this knowledge gap, the present research adopted a phenomenological approach, investigating the experiences related to English language teaching and learning of 42 students and 18 lecturers at Islamic-based universities in Indonesia, utilising a combination of surveys and written interviews as research methods. Analysis of the survey data indicated a pronounced recognition among participants of the role of gender dynamics within educational settings. Further, thematic examination of interview responses unveiled a unified dedication to creating learning environments that are both inclusive and fair, underlining the critical role of gender equality in the context of English language education. While students called for a curriculum that features inclusive content, language, and resources, lecturers highlighted the necessity of broadening representation, ensuring equality of opportunity, and embedding gender awareness within both professional development endeavours and teaching methodologies. Common across both participant groups was the articulation of the need to remove gender biases and stereotypes from educational content and to weave real-world scenarios into the educational narrative, enhancing the relevance and impact of gender awareness initiatives.

One of the persistent challenges in vocabulary teaching is that EFL students must learn a certain number of words to operate in English, yet class time is limited. While the usage of gamification applications may alleviate some of these issues, research on the usefulness of gamification apps and their potential to assist student vocabulary learning outside of the classroom is currently limited. This study used a quasi-experimental method to investigate the effects of gamified vocabulary learning using an application called Quizizz. It compared the learning outcomes of experimental and control groups, as well as the usefulness of gamification in boosting learner autonomy in vocabulary learning. Multiple independent t-tests revealed non-significant differences between students’ overall vocabulary test results in both groups (t (2, 98) = 1.920, p = 0.06) with a modest effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.3). Significant differences were noticed in the results of vocabulary tests 2 (t (2, 98) = 3.229, p = 0.002) and 4 (t (2, 98) = 3.465, p = 0.001), where the students in the experimental groups achieved higher scores (M = 13.63 and M = 12.60), yet no significant differences were noted in the results of vocabulary tests 1 and 2. Significant changes occurred in students’ perceptions of the application of gamification as a means for facilitating training (t (1, 49) = 2.269, p = 0.03) with a modest effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.2). Nonetheless, their perceptions of the use of gamification for enhancing learner autonomy in vocabulary learning did not significantly change before and after the interventions (t (1, 49) = 1.652, p = 1.05) with a very small effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.2). For pedagogy and research, the findings enhance our understanding that gamification apps can be integrated into vocabulary learning to facilitate vocabulary study and foster the growth of learner autonomy, yet utilizing a non-specifically built app for vocabulary learning may not produce better results than those who do not receive gamification support, even if learning outcomes remain good. More research exploring the impacts of integrating a non-specifically built app into English language teaching and learning is needed.