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In order to improve the anchoring force of traditional anchor cables while ensuring low cost, this paper proposed a new-type anchor cable structure with a precast internal-anchor-head (PIAH) at the anchor cable end. The reliability of the new structure was thoroughly validated through theoretical analysis, indoor pull-out experiments, and numerical simulations. Firstly, the mechanical pattern based on the characteristics and anchoring mechanism of the PIAH structure was analyzed, and the calculation methods under different failure modes were proposed. Secondly, a full-scale physical model experiment was conducted to study the effects of varying lengths PIAH on the tensile stress of the grout, stress distribution between grouting sections and the surrounding rock, shear stress distribution between PIAH and grout, and the yield conditions of the PIAH. Results show that after applying the PIAH, the ultimate bearing capacity increases from 796.4 to 921.2 kN, and the ultimate strain decreases from -1219.7 × 10 –6 to -309.5 × 10 –6 , a reduction of 74.63%. It indicates that the strain state of the grout will be substantially improved after setting the PIAH in anchor cable, and the bond strength between the grout and the hole wall could be enhanced, result in effective increase of anchoring force. At the same time, longer PIAH are more favorable for controlling cable deformation. Furthermore, to further validate the experimental results, numerical models of multiple-types anchor cable structures were established based on finite difference numerical method. Simulation results show that, under the same conditions, the ultimate bearing force of the anchor cable increases as the length of PIAH increases, and the overall elastic modulus of the anchoring system could also be improved. Compared to the grout of the Traditional Prestressed Anchor Cable (TPAC), the concentration degree of axial stress of Anchor Cable with Precast Internal-anchor-head (PIAC) was only 28.57%, effectively reduced the degree of stress concentration. Additionally, the maximum effective length of PIAH is about 1.5 ~ 2 m under the test conditions of a 4 m PIAC and further length increases produce diminishing returns. Meanwhile, PIAC can be used not only in hard rock formations, but also in soft rock formations if improving the strength of the interface between the surrounding rock and the grout. The research results have valuable reference significance for the engineering application of PIAC.

ObjectivesAlthough nutritional support is beneficial to the visual rehabilitation of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a large gap continues to exist between the relevant guidelines and the actual practices of AMD patients; this gap can be attributed to a lack of nutritional literacy. Therefore, this study explored the factors affecting nutritional literacy among AMD patients.DesignA qualitative study was carried out based on individual in-person interviews with 15 AMD patients; a semistructured interview guide was used for data collection. The socioecological model (SEM) was employed for data analysis.SettingThe Southwest Hospital in Chongqing Province, China.ParticipantsA purposive sample of 15 AMD patients was recruited between May and June 2023.ResultsThe social ecosystem of patients with AMD has not been positive. At the intrapersonal level, the factors affecting the nutritional literacy of such patients are lack of knowledge, nutrition self-efficacy, economic burdens, dietary preferences and health status. At the interpersonal level, the factors that can influence patients’ nutritional literacy are social support and social roles. At the institutional level, the relevant factors are doctor–patient trust and interdisciplinary-team consistency. Finally, at the policy level, a powerful factor is the large gap between policy and implementation.DiscussionNutritional literacy focuses on the changes in an individual’s knowledge and behaviour concerning nutrition. To inform the development of nutritional-literacy interventions for people with AMD, medical staff should consider multiple perspectives that can remove the barriers to the SEM at all levels.

Novel magnetic-activated carbon composites (MACs) were synthesized via coupling of a glucose-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment and subsequent thermal treatment using iron sludge and biological sludge. The adsorption properties of MACs for sulfonamide antibiotic removal from aqueous solution were investigated. Results revealed that the MACs had a high specific surface area with well-distributed magnetic nano-sized Fe 3 O 4 /Fe 0 particles with a graphitic shell. This finding indicates that the ferric compounds in the iron sludge were not only converted into magnetic ferrite but also worked as activators for graphitization of the surrounding amorphous carbon. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir models were shown to well fit sulfonamide antibiotic adsorption on the MACs. There was a high correlation between the k l · q m and physicochemical parameters of the sulfonamides. The three parameters are molecular polarizability, octanol-water partition coefficient, and solubility, respectively. The sulfonamide adsorption by the MACs was highly pH dependent. Hydrophobic interaction, π-π interaction, as well as electrostatic interaction, played dominant roles in the sulfonamide adsorption.

In this work, a series of Ag 3 PO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 (AG) photocatalysts were synthesized. After characterizing the properties, the effects of mass ratio, light intensity, and material dosages on photodegradation were investigated. The material with a 1/2 mass ratio of Ag 3 PO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 showed the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light, and the removal efficiency reached 90.22% for an initial suspended algae concentration of 2.7 × 10 6 cells/mL, 0.1 g of AG, and 3 h of irradiation. These results showed that the conductivity was increased while the total protein and COD contents of the algae suspension were declined rapidly. In contrast, the variations in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level suggested that the algae cell wall was severely damaged and that selective permeability of the membrane was significantly affected. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed and •O 2 − was shown to be the major reactive oxygen species in the photocatalysis. In summary, during the visible light photocatalytic process, the cell structure was destroyed, which caused the leakage of electrolyte, the inactivation of protein, and the inhibition of photosynthesis; finally, the cells died. This study provides a reference for photodegradation of algae pollution in water bodies.

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound commonly found in natural plants and fruits, exhibits potential in preventing optic nerve damage in glaucoma, as indicated by several animal studies. However, there is presently a dearth of relevant evidence available for comprehensive summarization. In this study, we conducted an extensive search across 7 electronic databases, encompassing all pertinent animal studies for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methodological quality was evaluated using SYRCLE's bias risk tool, with statistical analysis performed using Stata 17.0. The primary outcome measures included the survival of retinal ganglion cells and retinal thickness. The comprehensive analysis of the 30 included studies revealed that resveratrol can enhance the expression of Sirtuin 1(SIRT1) protein in retinal tissue (SMD: 3.00, 95% CI: 2.46, 3.53, P = 0.095), boost the survival rate of retinal ganglion cells (SMD: 4.33, 95% CI: 3.28, 5.38, P < 0.05), decelerate the thinning of retinal thickness (SMD: 4.26, 95% CI: 2.77, 5.75, P < 0.05), and enhance visual function. Its potential mechanism of action may involve the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and cell apoptosis. Resveratrol emerges as a promising agent for mitigating glaucoma-related retinal damage. However, given that the animal research models utilized in the study may not fully reflect the intricate scenarios of multiple coexisting diseases in clinical settings, and the administration methods in animal models may differ from those in clinical practice, future studies should aim to provide higher levels of evidence to facilitate the clinical translation of these findings. identifier [CRD42024535673].

Background/Objectives: Dementia is one of the leading causes of disability and dependence among older adults. Early screening may support timely intervention and risk management, contributing to better outcomes at the public health level. However, evidence relating to the factors influencing dementia screening acceptance and knowledge among older adults remains limited. This study aimed to assess dementia knowledge and screening acceptance among older adults, identify their associated factors, and explore the relationship between the two. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 272 older adults in three Chinese communities. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, dementia knowledge, and screening acceptance. The Dementia Knowledge Questionnaire and the Chinese version of the PRISM-PC scale were applied. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used. Results: The mean scores for dementia knowledge and screening acceptance were 18.86 ± 5.98 and 62.06 ± 22.18, respectively. Age and education level were negatively associated with screening acceptance. Women had higher knowledge scores than men. Income and social participation were positively associated with dementia knowledge. Knowledge level showed a weak positive correlation with screening acceptance. Conclusions: The study revealed that dementia knowledge and screening acceptance among older adults were moderate; nonetheless, both aspects warrant further improvement. Community-based efforts should prioritize health education, stigma reduction, and targeted interventions to enhance knowledge and promote proactive screening behavior.

ObjectivesTo explore challenges to nutrition intervention adherence using the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model among wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. These factors should be considered in the development of potential support and intervention programmes to address these problems.DesignA qualitative study was conducted with one-to-one and face-to-face interviews with wet AMD patients using a semi-structured question guide. Data were analysed based on COM-B model: capability (physical and psychological), opportunity (physical and social) and motivation (reflective and automatic).SettingSouthwest Hospital of Chongqing Province in China.ParticipantsA convenient and purposive sample of 24 wet AMD patients were recruited.ResultsThe themes and subthemes were identified: psychological capability: (1) insufficient knowledge of nutrition; (2) misconceptions about the disease and treatment; (3) knowledge conflict; physical capability: (1) physical restriction; (2) limited access to nutrition knowledge; physical opportunity: (1) communication between providers and patients; (2) health insurance and extra charges; (3) food environment; social opportunity: (1) stigma of disease; (2) family influence; reflective motivation: (1) self-efficacy; (2) attitude; (3) outcome expectancies; (4) lack of professional support; automatic motivation: (1) difficulties in changing eating habits; (2) mindset.ConclusionMedical staff should pay much attention to the process of patients’ nutrition intervention. In addition, it is also necessary to develop professional and internet-based intervention to modify the dietary behaviour and improve the management skills of the patients.

Peripheral blood immune cells have different molecular characteristics at different stages of the whole lifespan. Knowledge of circulating immune cell types and states from children to centenarians remains incomplete. We profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of multiple age groups with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), involving the age ranges of 1-12 (G1), 20-30(G2), 30-60(G3), 60-80(G4), and >110 years (G5). The proportion and states of myeloid cells change significantly from G1 to G2. We identified a novel CD8 + CCR7 + GZMB + cytotoxic T cell subtype specific in G1, expressing naive and cytotoxic genes, and validated by flow cytometry. CD8 + T cells showed significant changes in the early stage (G1 to G2), while CD4 + T cells changed in the late stage (G4 to G5). Moreover, the intercellular crosstalk among PBMCs in G1 is very dynamic. Susceptibility genes for a variety of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) have different cell-specific expression localization, and the expression of susceptibility genes for AIDs changes with age. Notably, the CD3 + undefined T cells clearly expressed susceptibility genes for multiple AIDs, especially in G3. ETS1 and FLI1 , susceptibility genes associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, were differentially expressed in CD4 + and CD8 + effector cells in G1 and G3. These results provided a valuable basis for future research on the unique immune system of the whole lifespan and AIDs.

Corneal ulcers, often caused by eye trauma, are the main cause of corneal blindness. Knowledge of their symptom experiences and self-management is limited. The aim of this study was to describe the symptom experience and self-management of patients with corneal ulcers and to provide references for clinical medical staff to understand their impact on quality of life. Between July and December 2022, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients with corneal ulcers who were hospitalised. Colaizzi's analysis was used to organise and analyse the interview data and this study followed the symptom management theory(SMT) model. The study comprised 10 male and 10 female patients with a mean age of 54.95 ± 8.41 years. Two major themes and six sub-themes were formed through the analysis of textual data: and the illustrated the distressing symptoms faced by patients and the subsequent effects on their daily lives, with ocular pain and blurred vision reported by nearly all patients. In an attempt to manage these symptoms, patients demonstrated a , which were derived from various sources, while also making adaptive changes to their daily lives. This study revealed patients' experiences and strategies of symptom self-management, which may be a step towards providing a reference for evaluating the quality of life in patients with corneal ulcers.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a relatively rare and serious presentation of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) (NS-IgAN). Previous research has suggested that the pathogenesis of NS-IgAN may involve circulating immune imbalance and kidney injury; however, this has yet to be fully elucidated. To investigate the cellular and molecular status of NS-IgAN, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and kidney cells from pediatric patients diagnosed with NS-IgAN by renal biopsy. Consistently, the proportion of intermediate monocytes (IMs) in NS-IgAN patients was higher than in healthy controls. Furthermore, flow cytometry confirmed that IMs were significantly increased in pediatric patients with NS. The characteristic expression of VSIG4 and MHC class II molecules and an increase in oxidative phosphorylation may be important features of IMs in NS-IgAN. Notably, we found that the expression level of CCR2 was significantly increased in the CMs, IMs, and NCMs of patients with NS-IgAN. This may be related to kidney injury. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are classified into two subsets of cells: Treg1 ( CCR7 high , TCF7 high , and HLA-DR low ) and Treg2 ( CCR7 low , TCF7 low , and HLA-DR high ). We found that the levels of Treg2 cells expressed significant levels of CCR4 and GATA3 , which may be related to the recovery of kidney injury. The state of NS in patients was closely related to podocyte injury. The expression levels of CCL2 , PRSS23 , and genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition were significantly increased in podocytes from NS-IgAN patients. These represent key features of podocyte injury. Our analysis suggests that PTGDS is significantly downregulated following injury and may represent a new marker for podocytes. In this study, we systematically analyzed molecular events in the circulatory system and kidney tissue of pediatric patients with NS-IgAN, which provides new insights for targeted therapy in the future.