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"Wan, Li"
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أول المجتمعات المسلمة في الصين
يستكشف هذا الكتاب هجرة المسلمين الأولى إلى الصين خلال حقبة سلالات تانغ وسونج. تثبت خلفيات هذه الهجرة، إلى جانب مختلف المسميات الصينية التي أطلقت على المسلمين ومجتمعاتهم، وقادتهم تثبت شكلا من أشكال الاعتراف القديم من قبل الشعب الصيني من المسلمين. وتركز هذه المقالة على دراسات مهام القادة المسلمين ومسؤولياتهم ومواجهاتهم مع النظام الشرعي الصيني ؛ إذ يتعين على أي مجتمع للتكيف مع مجتمع جديد آخر، أن يخضع للتثقيف. وأخيرا، تم تحسين منظومة القادة المسلمين من قبل سلالة منغول يوان التي ورثت العرش، وأصبح المجتمع المسلم منذ ذلك الوقت من ضمن النسيج الاجتماعي التقليدي الراسخ المتمثل في شعب الهوى والممتد حتى اليوم.
BOOK
Exosomes derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colorectal cancer cells facilitate tumour metastasis by selectively carrying miR-1246/92b-3p/27a-3p and CXCL16
ObjectiveExosomes released from tumour cells are packed with unique RNA and protein cargo, and they are emerging as an important mediator in the communication network that promotes tumour progression. The facultative intracellular bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is an important colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated bacterium. To date, the function of exosomes from Fn-infected CRC cells has not been explored.DesignExosomes were isolated by sequential differential centrifugation and verified by transmission electron microscopy, NanoSight analysis and Western blotting. Given that exosomes have been shown to transport miRNAs and proteins to alter cellular functions, we performed miRNA sequencing and proteome analysis of exosomes from Fn-infected and non-infected cells. The biological role and mechanism of exosomes from Fn-infected cells in CRC tumour growth and liver metastasis were determined in vitro and in vivo.ResultsWe demonstrated that exosomes delivered miR-1246/92b-3p/27a-3p and CXCL16/RhoA/IL-8 from Fn-infected cells into non-infected cells to increase cell migration ability in vitro and promote tumour metastasis in vivo. Finally, both circulating exosomal miR-1246/92b-3p/27a-3p and CXCL16 levels were closely associated with Fn abundance and tumour stage in patients with CRC.ConclusionThis study suggests that Fn infection may stimulate tumour cells to generate miR-1246/92b-3p/27a-3p-rich and CXCL16/RhoA/IL-8 exosomes that are delivered to uninfected cells to promote prometastatic behaviours.
Journal Article
حي الأرمن
حي الأرمن مكرديج ماركوسيان في “حي الأرمن” ثمة توثيقا دقيقا للمكان، وثمة دهشة يزيح عنا “ماركوسيان” الستار مشهدا وبخاصة بالنسبة لقارئ غريب، حيث تدعه يكترث لهؤلاء الناس الذين هم جزء من حكايات مضت لمصيرها. بالنسبة لمجتمع الأرمن فإن ثيمة المكان لها دلالات أعمق من مجرد مكان ولادة، فهي تعني هنا الهوية والوطن والذكريات, فآلام الأرمن إثر المجازر الأليمة التي تعرضوا لها في بدايات القرن العشرين على يد العثمانيين كان أحد تمظهراتها هو الإزاحة عن المكان, ومحاولات تجريفه. لذا فالمكان هنا مختلف عن مجرد توثيق البساطة في حي شعبي في زمن وحقبة ما، إنه مختلف عن خصوصية المكان وتوثيق التفاصيل الدقيقة له كما هي عند نجيب محفوظ مثلا، فالمكان يساوي الوجود هنا.
BOOK
Impacts of Convective Activity over the Tibetan Plateau on Plateau Vortex, Southwest Vortex, and Downstream Precipitation
In summer, convective activity over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is vigorous, with some of it moving eastward and vacating the plateau [defined as the eastward-moving type (EMT)]. Although the EMT only accounts for a small proportion, it is closely related to heavy precipitation east of the TP. This study investigates EMT impacts based on a series of composite semi-idealized simulations and piecewise potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The main results are as follows. (i) An EMT begins to affect downstream precipitation before it vacates the TP. A weaker EMT tends to cause the main downstream rainband to reduce in intensity and move southward. (ii) The EMT contributes to the formation of an eastward-moving plateau vortex (PLV) by enhancing convergence-induced stretching. Over the TP, the PLV mainly enhances/maintains the EMT, whereas during the vacating stage, the PLV dissipates (since convergence decreases rapidly when sensible heating from the TP reduces), which substantially reduces the intensity of the EMT. (iii) After PLV dissipation, a southwest vortex (SWV) forms around the Sichuan basin mainly due to convergence-induced stretching, convection-related tilting, and background transport. Piecewise PV inversion indicates that an EMT can directly contribute to SWV formation via lowering geopotential height and enhancing cyclonic wind perturbations around the Sichuan basin (even before its vacating stage), while neither of them governs the SWV formation. Sensitivity runs show that an EMT is not necessary for SWV formation, but can modify the SWV formation time and location, as well as its displacement, which significantly affects downstream precipitation.
Journal Article
قصة الرياضة في الصين
في السنوات القليلة الماضية ، سطع وهج النفوذ الصيني على الصعيد الدولي وبات كثير من الناس يرغب في التعرف إلى الصين وإلى حياة شعبها اليومية، ومع انتشار معاهد كونفوشيوس في شتى أرجاء المعمورة ، ازداد عدد الطلاب ولا سيما الصغار الذين يرغبون بتعلم اللغة الصينية ولهذا الغرض تمت ترجمة سلسلة كتب لمحة عن الصين المعاصرة لعدد من المؤلفين الصينين بإشراف لي لوشينغ وهي صادرة ومؤلفة من عشرة أجزاء يركز كل جزء منها على التعريف على أحد مجالات الحياة الصينية مثل الغذاء والنقل والأسرة والرياضية والفن والسياحة وما إلى ذلك بحيث يتعلم الطالب مابين 2500 إلى 3000 كلمة من كل كتاب وهذا ما يتطلبه امتحان كفاءة اللغة الصينية من الدرجة الخامسة وهكذا فإن القارئ على مدى صفحات الكتاب سيجد الكلمات الصينية متبوعة بشرح لها باللغة الإنجليزية وهذا ما يسهل على المتعلم القراءة والفهم.
Book
Association between depression and infertility based on the PHQ-9 score: Analyses of NHANES 2013–2018
Over the past decade, nationally representative research elucidating the association between depression and infertility has been notably lacking. Our study aimed to investigate the association between depression and infertility among women of childbearing age.
Our study encompassed 3,654 women aged 18 to 45 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018. Infertility was defined as a positive response to the query: \"Have you attempted to conceive for a minimum of one year without achieving pregnancy?\" Depression was evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) score (range, 0-27). Multiple logistic regression analyses and subgroup analyses stratified by age and race/ethnicity were conducted to investigate the association between depression and infertility. Furthermore, fitted smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis were utilized to depict the nonlinear relationship.
Total PHQ-9 score was associated with infertility in the fully adjusted model (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.07, P = 0.010), and this relationship exhibited a non-linear pattern, reaching a saturation point at 13, as substantiated by the fitting of smoothed curves. Additionally, the association remained robust when stratified by age but not by race/ethnicity.
Cross-sectional design and recall biases.
In this cross-sectional study, depression was associated with infertility among women of childbearing age in the fully adjusted models. This observed association holds potential relevance for clinicians tasked with enhancing psychological well-being during infertility management strategies.
Journal Article
Line, form, qi : calligraphic art from the Fondation INK collection
\"Featuring more than 30 artists, Line, Form, Qi highlights contemporary works that range from the traditional to the deeply experimental. The publication features predominantly Chinese artists, along with Vietnamese, Taiwanese, Japanese and Korean artists working mainly with Chinese characters. The themes reflect significant trends and innovations in contemporary calligraphic art, including abstraction of the character, performance and phenomenological practice, and the exploration of alternative or nontraditional materials and calligraphy methods such as incense burn drawing and lithography. This publication also addresses different through lines from premodern calligraphy to contemporary practice, reflecting the evolution of the Chinese language from pictograph to ideograph and beyond.\"-- description from https://www.artbook.com/9781636811581.html, accessed 20250604.
BOOK
Burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of disease study 2019
Introduction
For effective preventive strategies against GORD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease), we assessed the GORD burden from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
The burden of GORD between 1990 and 2019 was evaluated globally, regionally, and nationally. Using ASIR (age-standardized incidence), ASYLDs (age-standardized years lived with disabilitys), we compared them to the GBD world population per 100,000. The estimates were based on 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The AAPC (average annual percent change) in incidence, YLDs, along with prevalence rates with associated 95% CIs were estimated.
Results
Data to estimate the burden of GORD are scarce till now. The global ASIR of GORD in 2019 was 3792.79 per 100,000, an increase AAPC of 0.112% from 1990. The prevalence of GORD increased with a AAPC of 0.096% to 9574.45 per 100,000. Global ASYLDs in 2019 was 73.63, an increase AAPC of 0.105% from 1990. The GORD burden varies greatly depending on the development level and geographical location. USA demonstrated the most obvious decreasing trend in burden of GORD, while Sweden had an increasing trend. That the increase in GORD YLDs was mediated primarily by the growth and aging of population, was revealed by decomposition analyses. There was an inverse relationship between SDI (socio-demographic index) and GORD-burden. Frontier analyses revealed significant scope of improvement in the status of development at all levels.
Conclusion
GORD is a public health challenge, especially in Latin America. Some SDI quintiles had declining rates, while some countries experienced increased rates. Thus, resources should be allocated for preventative measures based on country-specific estimates.
Journal Article
Remote working and experiential wellbeing: A latent lifestyle perspective using UK time use survey before and during COVID-19
Mental health in the UK had deteriorated compared with pre-pandemic trends. Existing studies on heterogenous wellbeing changes associated COVID-19 tend to segment population based on isolated socio-economic and demographic indicators, notably gender, income and ethnicity, while a more holistic and contextual understanding of such heterogeneity among the workforce seems lacking. This study addresses this gap by 1) combining UK time use surveys collected before and during COVID-19, 2) identifying latent lifestyles within three working mode groups (commuter, homeworker and hybrid worker) using latent class model, and 3) quantifying nuanced experiential wellbeing (ExWB) changes across workers of distinct lifestyles. The direction and magnitude of ExWB changes were not uniform across activity types, time of day, and lifestyles. The direction of ExWB change during the daytime activities window varied in accordance with lifestyle classifications. Specifically, ExWB decreased for all homeworkers but increased significantly for certain hybrid workers. Magnitude of ExWB change correlated strongly with lifestyle. To understand the significant heterogeneity in ExWB outcomes, a spatial-temporal conceptualisation of working flexibility is developed to explicate the strong yet complex correlations between wellbeing and lifestyles. The implications to post-pandemic “back-to-work” policies are 1) continued expansion of hybrid working optionality, 2) provide wider support for lifestyle adaptation and transitions.
Journal Article
Microglia induce the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes via the CXCR7/PI3K/Akt pathway in chronic post-surgical pain
Background
Activated astrocytes play important roles in chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP). Recent studies have shown reactive astrocytes are classified into A1 and A2 phenotypes, but their precise roles in CPSP remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the roles of spinal cord A1 and A2 astrocytes and related mechanisms in CPSP.
Methods
We used a skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) model to establish a rat CPSP model. Microglia, CXCR7, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways were regulated by intrathecal injections of minocycline (a non-specific microglial inhibitor), AMD3100 (a CXCR7 agonist), and LY294002 (a specific PI3K inhibitor), respectively. Mechanical allodynia was detected with von Frey filaments. The changes in microglia, A1 astrocytes, A2 astrocytes, CXCR7, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and immunofluorescence.
Results
Microglia were found to be activated, with an increase in interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and complement component 1q (C1q) in the spinal cord at an early stage after SMIR. On day 14 after SMIR, spinal cord astrocytes were also activated; these were mainly of the A1 phenotype and less of the A2 phenotype. Intrathecal injection of minocycline relieved SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia and reverted the ratio of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes. The expression of CXCR7 and PI3K/Akt signaling was decreased after SMIR, while they were increased after treatment with minocycline. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of AMD3100 also relieved SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia, reverted the ratio of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes, and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, similar to the effects produced by minocycline. However, intrathecal injection of AMD3100 did not increase the analgesic effect of minocycline. Last, LY294002 inhibited the analgesic effect and A1/A2 transformation induced by minocycline and AMD3100 after SMIR.
Conclusion
Our results indicated that microglia induce the transformation of astrocytes to the A1 phenotype in the spinal cord via downregulation of the CXCR7/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway during CPSP. Reverting A1 reactive astrocytes to A2 may represent a new strategy for preventing CPSP.
Journal Article