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Over the past three decades, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), with transit as its central tenet, has emerged as a pivotal urban policy driving sustainable and intelligent urban growth, drawing significant attention from researchers and practitioners worldwide. TOD involves creating high-density, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly urban areas around transit stations to enhance transit accessibility, promote social cohesion, and improve housing conditions. However, the global implementation of TOD has encountered challenges across various domains including transportation, housing, and employment, thereby exacerbating inequities within the built environment. This study adopts a TOD perspective to comprehensively review the equity impacts of urban rail transit (URT) station areas on the built environment, with a particular focus on social, travel, perception, health, and spatial dimensions, and their impacts on promoting or hindering equitable outcomes among diverse societal groups. Utilizing a scoping review methodology, the study encapsulates the progress and themes in the field, employing a systematic approach to meticulously analyze the outcomes of each research theme. The findings reveal that URT station areas have positive impacts on economic growth and property values. However, they can also contribute to gentrification, exacerbating disparities between different societal groups in station and non-station areas, along with an unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. Additionally, while these station areas encourage pedestrian activity and public transportation usage, they also carry the potential for environmental pollution, raising concerns about spatial accessibility and facility convenience, thereby impacting environmental equity. This study employs comprehensive and critical theoretical analyses, utilizing intricate methods and detailed indicators, to elucidate disparities in equity outcomes of URT station areas across different societal groups. The crucial challenge in future research lies in integrating the concept of equity into TOD planning strategies. This study aims to provide standardized and harmonized criteria for guiding equitable TOD planning policies, thereby enhancing the scientific basis and effectiveness of planning strategies. Ultimately, it seeks to offer theoretical insights towards the creation of a more equitable and inclusive urban built environment in the future.

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is increasingly recognized as a key strategy for enhancing transportation efficiency, environmental sustainability, and economic vitality while fostering inclusive communities in dense, multifunctional urban areas. However, the relationship between TOD's economic benefits and social equity remains underexplored. This study critically evaluates TOD in Dalian, China, introducing the expanded Node-Place-Economy (NPE) model, which integrates economic and social dimensions into the traditional Node-Place model. The NPE model offers a comprehensive framework for assessing TOD effectiveness, particularly in balancing economic growth and equitable resource distribution. The research highlights significant disparities between central and peripheral regions, with central areas performing better in both economic and social equity, while peripheral areas exacerbate socio-economic inequalities. Through spatial analysis and the Coupling Coordination Index (CCI), the study identifies factors influencing the synergy between economic vitality and social equity, such as the density of commercial, sports, and entertainment facilities. The findings emphasize the need for more equitable TOD planning, suggesting that future urban developments should prioritize social inclusiveness alongside economic efficiency. This research expands the theoretical foundation of TOD and offers practical insights for urban planners aiming to achieve sustainable and inclusive urban development.

In response to the global trend of urbanization, there has been an increasing focus on transit-oriented development (TOD). However, the prioritization of economic factors in the establishment of TOD often takes precedence over concerns for social equity. This research seeks to address this gap by examining the economic performance and demographic characteristics of 46 rail transit station areas (RSAs) in the city center of Dalian. The study employs the Gini coefficient and affinity clustering to assess the overall economic performance and inequality among different resident groups within RSAs. Furthermore, regression analysis is utilized to identify the key variables influencing economic performance equity in these areas. The results indicate significant disparities in economic dimensions among different resident groups, with station areas in commercial centers and functional core zones demonstrating higher economic performance. Housing prices and job–housing density are identified as crucial factors influencing consumer behavior across various station areas. Despite the presence of employment opportunities and urban development features in RSAs, differences in socioeconomic status and accessibility to public facilities significantly impact resident social equity. These results can assist policymakers in evaluating disparities in the allocation of RSAs among different regions and demographic groups. This study adds to the existing knowledge on equity in the economic performance of RSAs and supports the development of inclusive TOD strategies specific to different locations and populations.

Rail transit station areas (RSAs) are heralded as a transformative approach to urban planning, emphasizing the integration of transportation, housing, and commercial development to foster sustainable and inclusive cities. This study presents a comprehensive exploration of the interplay between transit-oriented development (TOD) economic performance and social equity in RSAs, employing advanced methodologies, like eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAPs), to decipher the complex relationships between TOD characteristics and social equity outcomes. Focused on Dalian’s urban center, this study integrates diverse datasets, including mobile location, geospatial, and economic price data, to construct a nuanced analysis framework within the NPE (node–place–economic) model. The results indicate that economic factors significantly impact overall social equity, particularly influencing key variables, such as weekday and weekend commuter population densities. Local explanatory plots reveal that economic performance variables associated with transportation development exhibit a broad non-linear impact on social equity in RSAs. This study advances equitable urban development through TOD by stressing the importance of factoring in multiple variables in RSA planning. This approach is vital for creating synergistic effects, fostering equitable spatial planning, and has both theoretical and practical benefits for improving residents’ well-being.

Severe influenza A virus (IAV) infection is associated with immune dysfunction. Here, we show circulating CD8 + T-cell profiles from patients hospitalized with avian H7N9, seasonal IAV, and influenza vaccinees. Patient survival reflects an early, transient prevalence of highly activated CD38 + HLA-DR + PD-1 + CD8 + T cells, whereas the prolonged persistence of this set is found in ultimately fatal cases. Single-cell T cell receptor (TCR)-αβ analyses of activated CD38 + HLA-DR + CD8 + T cells show similar TCRαβ diversity but differential clonal expansion kinetics in surviving and fatal H7N9 patients. Delayed clonal expansion associated with an early dichotomy at a transcriptome level (as detected by single-cell RNAseq) is found in CD38 + HLA-DR + CD8 + T cells from patients who succumbed to the disease, suggesting a divergent differentiation pathway of CD38 + HLA-DR + CD8 + T cells from the outset during fatal disease. Our study proposes that effective expansion of cross-reactive influenza-specific TCRαβ clonotypes with appropriate transcriptome signatures is needed for early protection against severe influenza disease. Virus-specific CD8 + T cells are crucial during H7N9 influenza infection, but CD8 + T cell dysfunction is associated with poor prognosis. Here, the authors use molecular and phenotypic analysis to establish persistence of clonally diverse CD8 + T cell populations during fatal infection.

As a new type of secondary ion battery, aqueous zinc‐ion battery has a broad application prospect in the field of large‐scale energy storage due to its characteristics of low cost, high safety, environmental friendliness, and high‐power density. In recent years, manganese dioxide (MnO2)‐based materials have been extensively explored as cathodes for Zn‐ion batteries. Based on the research experiences of our group in the field of aqueous zinc ion batteries and combining with the latest literature of system, we systematically summarize the research progress of Zn−MnO2 batteries. This article first reviews the current research progress and reaction mechanism of Zn−MnO2 batteries, and then respectively expounds the optimization of MnO2 cathode, Zn anodes, and diverse electrolytes and their effects on battery performance. Additionally, primary challenges related to different components and their respective strategies for mitigating them are discussed, with the ultimate objective of offering comprehensive guidance for the design and fabrication of high‐performance Zn−MnO2 batteries. Finally, the future research and development direction of aqueous Zn−MnO2 batteries with high energy density, high safety and long life is envisioned. In recent years, Zn−MnO2 batteries have attracted more and more attention. This review not only summarizes the battery mechanism under different pH, but also discusses the main challenges encountered and latest developments in anode and cathode materials and various electrolyte materials (liquid, solid and gel), which are crucial for enabling the design of high‐performance batteries. In the end, prospects of the sustainable development of Zn−MnO2 batteries are summarized.

This study aimed to explore the core factors influencing participation in the \"shared elderly care\" model among urban Chinese seniors and propose targeted solutions to address the challenges of an aging society. A mixed-methods study was conducted. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 533 seniors in Zhengzhou. Data on demographic characteristics, health literacy, and environmental factors were analyzed using four machine learning algorithms: logistic regression, random forest, K-nearest neighbor, and support vector machine. Approximately 3 years later, qualitative validation was conducted through six focus group interviews. Themes were extracted using Colaizzi phenomenological analysis, and the predictions were validated. Five hundred valid questionnaires were collected. The machine learning algorithm results showed that the random forest model had the best predictive performance (AUC = 0.652), revealing that e-health literacy and policy awareness were key drivers (jointly explaining 24.1% of the variance in participation intention), with age, environmental sensitivity, and social influence as significant cofactors. Qualitative analysis confirmed that technology usability and a sense of social belonging were core experiential elements of deep participation. Addressing the primary obstacles of digital literacy gaps and limited technological accessibility, we propose three countermeasures: increasing publicity and promotion of shared elderly care models; conducting community digital health literacy training; and increasing resource allocation to precisely match needs, thus providing an implementation path for building an inclusive shared elderly care ecosystem.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting females more than males. Clinical symptoms, disease activity and comorbidities are more severe in females. Moreover, the choice of treatment for females is limited during childbearing age due to the side effects of current drugs. Therefore, developing novel and safer drugs for females is urgently needed. Kunbixiao granules (KBXG), a Chinese medicine formula, has been applied to treat female RA patients in our center as a complementary therapy. However, there is insufficient evidence for its effect. Therefore, we aim to conduct a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial to confirm the efficacy and safety of KBXG for the treatment of female RA. Methods: This study is a single-center, double-blind, randomized, parallel group, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 90 female RA patients with Disease Activity Score for 28 joints (DAS28) > 3.2 will be enrolled. They will be randomly assigned to receive either KBXG or placebo for 12 weeks. The change in DAS28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) are the primary outcomes. The secondary outcomes include a rate of achieving 20%, 50% and 70% improvement in the American College Rheumatology criteria (ACR20, ACR50, ACR70), TCM syndrome score, visual analogue scale (VAS), average hands grip strength, the consumption of concomitant medication, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), lumbar spine bone mineral density (L-BMD) and 7-joint ultrasound score (US7). Any adverse events will also be recorded. Discussion: This trial will provide evidence of KBXG in reducing disease activity, and improving clinical symptoms and quality of life of female RA patients. The long-term effects of KBXG on female RA patients still needs a further follow-up.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945565.].[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945565.].

Flexible wearable devices have gained increasing attention in the field of health and fitness monitoring because of their biocompatibility and ability to collect biomarkers seamlessly and instantly. Consequently, a new research direction has emerged on how to power these portable electronic devices. Currently, the majority of wearable electronic devices are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, owing to safety concerns and the bulky size of LIBs, there is a growing demand for sustainable, light, and wearable power supplies. Thus, sweat-activated batteries (SABs) were recently proposed as a source of power generation and energy storage. To validate the feasibility of using SABs to power wearable devices, we briefly recalled the history of the development of SABs in recent years, as well as the present research outcomes. This review overviews three categories of SABs (conventional-redox batteries, metal-air batteries, and others), which based on two anode materials (Magnesium and Zinc) and the working mechanism of diverse categories was interspersed throughout the discussion. Moreover, the electrolytes in SABs and suitable substrates for integrating batteries into wearable devices are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, various SAB application scenarios are reviewed. This comprehensive review will not only offer insights into the current state of SABs technology but also provide valuable guidance and suggestions for future advancements and applications in this field.