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"Wang, Da-Wei"
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Generation of multicomponent atomic Schrödinger cat states of up to 20 qubits
Multipartite entangled states are crucial for numerous applications in quantum information science. However, the generation and verification of multipartite entanglement on fully controllable and scalable quantum platforms remains an outstanding challenge. We report the deterministic generation of an 18-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and multicomponent atomic Schrödinger cat states of up to 20 qubits on a quantum processor, which features 20 superconducting qubits, also referred to as artificial atoms, interconnected by a bus resonator. By engineering a one-axis twisting Hamiltonian, the system of qubits, once initialized, coherently evolves to multicomponent atomic Schrödinger cat states—that is, superpositions of atomic coherent states including the GHZ state—at specific time intervals as expected. Our approach on a solid-state platform should not only stimulate interest in exploring the fundamental physics of quantum many-body systems, but also enable the development of applications in practical quantum metrology and quantum information processing.
Journal Article
Evolution of the electrochemical interface in sodium ion batteries with ether electrolytes
Ether based electrolytes have surfaced as alternatives to conventional carbonates allowing for enhanced electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries; however, the primary source of the improvement remains poorly understood. Here we show that coupling titanium dioxide and other anode materials with diglyme does enable higher efficiency and reversible capacity than those for the combination involving ester electrolytes. Importantly, the electrolyte dependent performance is revealed to be the result of the different structural evolution induced by a varied sodiation depth. A suit of characterizations show that the energy barrier to charge transfer at the interface between electrolyte and electrode is the factor that dominates the interfacial electrochemical characteristics and therefore the energy storage properties. Our study proposes a reliable parameter to assess the intricate sodiation dynamics in sodium-ion batteries and could guide the design of aprotic electrolytes for next generation rechargeable batteries.
Sodium ion batteries are known to benefit from the use of ether electrolytes. Here the authors reveal the origin showing that the energy barrier of charge transfer at the electrolyte/electrode interface dominates the interfacial electrochemical characteristics and is favorably small.
Journal Article
Synthesis of antisymmetric spin exchange interaction and chiral spin clusters in superconducting circuits
According to quantum mechanics, chiral states cannot be non-degenerate eingenstates of a parity-conserving Hamiltonian. This is in contradiction to the existence of chiral molecules—a fact known as as the Hund paradox1. The origin of molecular and biological chirality is conjectured to be related to parity-breaking interactions2,3 or environmental decoherence4, but a quantum superposition of two chiral molecular states with distinctive optical activities has never been observed5. To make progress in addressing these questions, it would be helpful to construct an artificial quantum system that breaks the parity symmetry and that can be prepared in a superposition of two chiral states. Here we report the synthesis of the parity-breaking antisymmetric spin exchange interaction in all-to-all connected superconducting circuits, which allows us to show various chiral spin dynamics in up to five-spin clusters. We also demonstrate the entanglement of up to five qubits in Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states based on a three-spin chiral logic gate. Our results are a step towards quantum simulation of magnetism with antisymmetric spin exhange interaction and quantum computation with chiral spin states.Parity-breaking antisymmetric spin exchange interaction is reported in clusters of five qubits within superconducting circuits. This allows the creation of chiral spin dynamics, with potential for future quantum simulations of chiral molecules.
Journal Article
A review on system and materials for aqueous flexible metal–air batteries
The exploration of aqueous flexible metal–air batteries with high energy density and durability has attracted many research efforts with the demand for portable and wearable electronic devices. Aqueous flexible metal–air batteries feature Earth‐abundant materials, environmental friendliness, and operational safety. Each part of one metal–air battery can significantly affect the overall performance. This review starts with the fundamental working principles and the basic battery configurations and then highlights on the common issues and the recent advances in designing high‐performance metal electrodes, solid‐state electrolytes, and air electrodes. Bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts with high activity and long‐term stability for constructing efficient air electrodes in flexible metal–air batteries are summarized including metal‐free carbon‐based materials and nonprecious Co/Fe‐based materials (alloys, metal oxides, metal sulfites, metal phosphates, metal nitrates, single‐site metal–nitrogen–carbon materials, and composites). Finally, a perspective is provided on the existing challenges and possible future research directions in optimizing the performance and lifetime of the flexible aqueous solid‐state metal–air batteries.
A high‐performance aqueous flexible metal–air battery requires the proper matching between the used system and materials including the metal electrodes, solid‐state electrolytes, air electrodes, and oxygen electrocatalysts within a durable battery configuration. The recent progress, accompanied challenges, and future perspectives are presented in this review aiming to explore novel and powerful aqueous flexible metal–air batteries.
Journal Article
A facile soft-template synthesis of mesoporous polymeric and carbonaceous nanospheres
Owing to the weak self-assembly ability of precursor components and the serious crosslinking of neighbouring nanospheres during a hydrothermal process, the synthesis of monodisperse mesoporous polymer nanospheres with diameters below 500 nm remains a great challenge. Here we extend the synthesis method of mesoporous silica nanospheres to enable the preparation of ordered mesoporous resorcinol formaldehyde nanospheres with particle size from 80 to 400 nm and mesopores of ~3.5 nm in diameter. By finely tuning the synthesis parameters, multi-layered mesoporous resorcinol formaldehyde hollow nanospheres can be successfully synthesized. Mesoporous carbon nanospheres and hollow nanospheres with high surface area are further obtained through carbonization of the polymer spheres. The resulting mesoporous carbon nanospheres are demonstrated as the host cathode material for lithium–sulphur batteries. The synthesis strategy provides a benchmark for fabricating well-defined porous carbonaceous nanospheres with potential for energy storage and conversion applications.
The controlled synthesis of monodisperse nanospheres faces a number of difficulties, such as extensive crosslinking during hydrothermal processes. Here, the authors show a route for the controlled synthesis of mesoporous polymer nanospheres, which can be further converted into carbon nanospheres through carbonization.
Journal Article
Quantum computing predicts particle trajectories in optical tweezers
A recent study demonstrated advancements in quantum computing by applying it to address a non-Hermitian optical manipulation problem. The emergence of exceptional points and the dynamics of optically trapped single or multiple particles were simulated using a quantum computing approach.
Journal Article
An Improved Split-Ring Resonator-Based Sensor for Microfluidic Applications
This study proposes an ultrahigh-sensitivity split-ring resonator-based microwave sensor for retrieving the complex permittivity of liquid samples. An interdigital capacitor structure was used to expand the sensing area and the sensitivity. A defected ground structure and A parallel dual split-ring resonator were introduced to improve the quality factor. A polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel substrate was placed above the interdigital capacitor structure. The channel route coincided with the interdigital gap to fully utilize the strong electric field. Ethanol–water solutions with varying ethanol fractions were injected into the channel as the testing liquid. It was demonstrated that the variation in resonant frequency can be used to retrieve the dielectric properties of liquid samples. The proposed sensor used a small liquid volume of ~0.68 μL and provided values in good agreement with the reference data.
Journal Article
Realization of all-band-flat photonic lattices
Flatbands play an important role in correlated quantum matter and have promising applications in photonic lattices. Synthetic magnetic fields and destructive interference in lattices are traditionally used to obtain flatbands. However, such methods can only obtain a few flatbands with most bands remaining dispersive. Here we realize all-band-flat photonic lattices of an arbitrary size by precisely controlling the coupling strengths between lattice sites to mimic those in Fock-state lattices. This allows us to go beyond the perturbative regime of strain engineering and group all eigenmodes in flatbands, which simultaneously achieves high band flatness and large usable bandwidth. We map out the distribution of each flatband in the lattices and selectively excite the eigenmodes with different chiralities. Our method paves a way in controlling band structure and topology of photonic lattices.
Here the authors experimentally realized a systematic approach to synthesize arbitrary-size two-dimensional all-band-flat photonic lattices, which pave a route for investigating flat-band related physics such as slow-light, nonlinear breathing, and dispersionless image transmission.
Journal Article