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Symbiotic bioabsorbable devices are ideal for temporary treatment. This eliminates the boundaries between the device and organism and develops a symbiotic relationship by degrading nutrients that directly enter the cells, tissues, and body to avoid the hazards of device retention. Symbiotic bioresorbable electronics show great promise for sensing, diagnostics, therapy, and rehabilitation, as underpinned by innovations in materials, devices, and systems. This review focuses on recent advances in bioabsorbable devices. Innovation is focused on the material, device, and system levels. Significant advances in biomedical applications are reviewed, including integrated diagnostics, tissue repair, cardiac pacing, and neurostimulation. In addition to the material, device, and system issues, the challenges and trends in symbiotic bioresorbable electronics are discussed. This review focuses on recent advances in bioabsorbable devices. This review concludes innovation at the material, device, and system levels, the significant advances toward biomedical applications. This review discusses and highlights the challenges and trends in symbiotic bioresorbable electronics, and provides a new direction for the development of symbiotic bioabsorbable devices.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are highly promising as implantable, degradable energy sources and self‐powered sensors. However, the degradable triboelectric materials are often limited in terms of contact electrification and mechanical properties. Here, a bio‐macromolecule‐assisted toughening strategy for PVA aerogel‐based triboelectric materials is proposed. By introducing β‐lactoglobulin fibrils (BF) into the PVA aerogel network, the material's mechanical properties while preserving its swelling resistance is significantly enhanced. Compared to pure PVA porous film, the BF‐PVA porous film exhibits an eightfold increase in fracture strength (from 1.92 to 15.48 J) and a fourfold increase in flexibility (from 10.956 to 39.36 MPa). Additionally, the electrical output of BF‐PVA in triboelectric performance tests increased nearly fivefold (from 45 to 203 V). Leveraging these enhanced properties, a biodegradable TENG (bi‐TENG) for implantable muscle activity sensing is developed, achieving real‐time monitoring of neuromuscular processes. This innovation holds significant potential for advancing implantable medical devices and promoting new applications in bio‐integrated electronics. BF‐PVA porous film is prepared by doping BF into PVA to form hydrogel and then freeze‐drying and compression to improve the tensile resistance, bending resistance, swelling resistance, degradation time and electrical properties of PVA. Finally, the degradable triboelectric sensor made of BF‐PVA porous film and Mg film is used to realize the signal analysis of muscle contraction.

Muscles, the fundamental components supporting all human movement, exhibit various signals upon contraction, including mechanical signals indicating tremors or mechanical deformation and electrical signals responsive to muscle fiber activation. For noninvasive wearable devices, these signals can be measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) and force myography (FMG) techniques, respectively. However, relying on a single source of information is insufficient for a comprehensive evaluation of muscle condition. In order to accurately and effectively evaluate the various states of muscles, it is necessary to integrate sEMG and FMG in a spatiotemporally synchronized manner. This study presents a flexible sensor for multimodal muscle state monitoring, integrating serpentine‐structured sEMG electrodes with fingerprint‐like FMG sensors into a patch approximately 250 μm thick. This design achieves a multimodal assessment of muscle conditions while maintaining a compact form factor. A thermo‐responsive adhesive hydrogel is incorporated to enhance skin adhesion, improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the sEMG signals (33.07 dB) and ensuring the stability of the FMG sensor during mechanical deformation and tremors. The patterned coupled sensing patch demonstrates its utility in tracking muscular strength, assessing fatigue levels, and discerning features of muscle dysfunction by analyzing the time‐domain and frequency‐domain characteristics of the mechanical–electrical coupled signals, highlighting its potential application in sports training and rehabilitation monitoring. A novel patterned mechanical–electrical coupled sensing patch is designed for the simultaneous temporal and spatial acquisition of electrical and mechanical signals in muscle activities, which provides an effective tool for comprehensive multimodal muscle function assessment (muscle strength, fatigue level, and muscle dysfunction) through the complementary time and frequency domain characteristics.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disease, often accompanied by impaired lower limb motor function and muscle atrophy. Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) has been demonstrated promising for SCI therapy in ways of rehabilitation by facilitating the recovery of lower limb motor abilities. However, EES necessitates a considerable consumption of electrical energy and exhibits large individual differences in treatment. Nanogenerators (NGs) based on a novel power generation technology, are capable of transforming mechanical energy into electrical power. This mechanic‐driven electrical stimulation has been reported effective in several types of neuromodulations, but not in EES to enable SCI rehabilitation. This study explores the efficacy of a hybrid‐NG (H‐NG) to elicit hindlimb locomotion in rats via EES on the spinal cord, in comparison with a commercial stimulus generator (SG). The results reveal that H‐NG can activate the spinal cord and induce hindlimb locomotion with much lower electrical parameters and much smaller individual differences than SG. In addition, benefiting from the miniature size of the H‐NG, an implantable EES system is constructed in vivo, enabling a self‐driven and rational‐controlled EES pattern. The proposed H‐NG‐based EES system provides a new strategy for optimized and personalized treatment for SCI patients. A hybrid nanogenerator (H‐NG) has been developed to be applied in epidural electrical stimulation (EES). Compared with a commercial stimulus generator (SG), the H‐NG can elicit hindlimb locomotion in rats with much lower electrical parameters and much smaller individual differences. The proposed H‐NG‐based EES system provides a promising treatment technology for spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.

This review mainly focuses on the surface functionalization approaches of titanium dioxide (TiO2) to prevent bacterial infections and facilitate osteointegration simultaneously for titanium (Ti)-based orthopedic implants. Infection is one of the major causes of implant failure. Meanwhile, it is also critical for the bone-forming cells to integrate with the implant surface. TiO2 is the native oxide layer of Ti which has good biocompatibility as well as enriched physical, chemical, electronic, and photocatalytic properties. The formed nanostructures during fabrication and the enriched properties of TiO2 have enabled various functionalization methods to combat the micro-organisms and enhance the osteogenesis of Ti implants. This review encompasses the various modifications of TiO2 in aspects of topology, drug loading, and element incorporation, as well as the most recently developed electron transfer and electrical tuning approaches. Taken together, these approaches can endow Ti implants with better bactericidal and osteogenic abilities via the functionalization of TiO2.

This review mainly focuses on the surface functionalization approaches of titanium dioxide (TiO[sub.2]) to prevent bacterial infections and facilitate osteointegration simultaneously for titanium (Ti)-based orthopedic implants. Infection is one of the major causes of implant failure. Meanwhile, it is also critical for the bone-forming cells to integrate with the implant surface. TiO[sub.2] is the native oxide layer of Ti which has good biocompatibility as well as enriched physical, chemical, electronic, and photocatalytic properties. The formed nanostructures during fabrication and the enriched properties of TiO[sub.2] have enabled various functionalization methods to combat the micro-organisms and enhance the osteogenesis of Ti implants. This review encompasses the various modifications of TiO[sub.2] in aspects of topology, drug loading, and element incorporation, as well as the most recently developed electron transfer and electrical tuning approaches. Taken together, these approaches can endow Ti implants with better bactericidal and osteogenic abilities via the functionalization of TiO[sub.2].

Group III–V semiconductors with direct band gaps have become crucial for optoelectronic and microelectronic applications. Exploring these materials for spintronic applications is an important direction for many research groups. In this study, pure and cobalt doped GaN nanowires were grown on the Si substrate by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Sophisticated characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and photoluminescence (PL) were used to characterize the structure, morphology, composition and optical properties of the nanowires. The doped nanowires have diameters ranging from 60–200 nm and lengths were found to be in microns. By optimizing the synthesis process, pure, smooth, single crystalline and highly dense nanowires have been grown on the Si substrate which possess better magnetic and optical properties. No any secondary phases were observed even with 8% cobalt doping. The magnetic properties of cobalt doped GaN showed a ferromagnetic response at room temperature. The value of saturation magnetization is found to be increased with increasing doping concentration and magnetic saturation was found to be 792.4 µemu for 8% cobalt doping. It was also depicted that the Co atoms are substituted at Ga sites in the GaN lattice. Furthermore N vacancies are also observed in the Co-doped GaN nanowires which was confirmed by the PL graph exhibiting nitrogen vacancy defects and strain related peaks at 455 nm (blue emission). PL and magnetic properties show their potential applications in spintronics.

In this paper, we address the Painlevé asymptotics of the solution in two transition regions for the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with finite density initial data i q t + q xx - 2 ( | q | 2 - 1 ) q = 0 , q ( x , 0 ) = q 0 ( x ) ∼ ± 1 , x → ± ∞ . The key to prove this result is the formulation and analysis of a Riemann–Hilbert problem associated with the Cauchy problem for the defocusing NLS equation. With the ∂ ¯ -generalization of the Deift–Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method and double scaling limit technique, in two transition regions defined by P ± 1 : = ( x , t ) ∈ R × R + : 0 < x 2 t - ( ± 1 ) t 2 / 3 ≤ C , where C > 0 is a constant, we find that the leading order approximation to the solution of the defocusing NLS equation can be expressed in terms of the Hastings–McLeod solution of the Painlevé II equation in the generic case, while Ablowitz–Segur solution in the non-generic case.

Developing low-energy-gap materials for efficient photothermal conversion provides promising candidates for solar energy utilization. Herein, we explore the feasibility of employing robust organic radical cations as near-unity solar absorbers for practical seawater evaporation. Gram-scale organic radical cations are straightforwardly synthesized through single-electron oxidation. The open-shell structure and intervalence charge-transfer characteristics of radicals enable near-unity absorption of full solar spectral irradiance. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the intervalence charge-transfer electron relaxes non-radiatively in femtoseconds, with a rapid rate of 5.26 × 10 12  s −1 . Notably, the radical cations exhibit exceptional stability, attributed to para-position protection, spin delocalization, and frontier orbital inversion. By simply soaking cellulose paper, a highly efficient interfacial evaporation system is established. Under one sunlight irradiation, the system achieves a remarkable solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 97.2%. This work offers new perspectives on designing robust radical systems and developing efficient photothermal conversion materials. Open-shell organic radicals possess narrow energy gaps making them efficient solar absorbers. Here the authors synthesize robust triarylamine radicals enabling near unity absorption of the full solar spectrum for efficient photothermal applications.