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Soft electronics are rising electronic technologies towards applications spanning from healthcare monitoring to medical implants. However, poor adhesion strength and significant mechanical mismatches inevitably cause the interface failure of devices. Herein we report a self-adhesive conductive polymer that possesses low modulus (56.1-401.9 kPa), high stretchability (700%), high interfacial adhesion (lap-shear strength >1.2 MPa), and high conductivity (1-37 S/cm). The self-adhesive conductive polymer is fabricated by doping the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) composite with a supramolecular solvent (β-cyclodextrin and citric acid). We demonstrated the solution process-based fabrication of self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electrodes for various soft devices, including alternating current electroluminescent devices, electromyography monitoring, and an integrated system for the visualization of electromyography signals during muscle training with an array of alternating current electroluminescent devices. The self-adhesive conductive polymer-based electronics show promising features to further develop wearable and comfortable bioelectronic devices with the physiological electric signals of the human body readable and displayable during daily activities. Poor adhesion and mechanical mismatches may cause interface failure of soft devices. Here, authors report a supramolecular solvent-doped, soft, adhesive, yet conductive polymer composite for stretchable, wearable, and comfortable electronic devices.

The focus on high‐quality development in regional tourism involves not only transforming the previous extensive development model and improving the efficiency of tourism development but also promoting the coordinated development of the tourism industry across different regions. Taking the 21 prefecture‐level cities in Guangdong Province as the research object and guided by high‐quality development, a tourism efficiency measurement index system that includes carbon emissions as an unexpected output has been established. By comprehensively applying methods such as the Super‐SBM model, LISA temporal path, and standard deviation ellipse, this study addresses the neglect of spatial relationships in the existing literature and measures the tourism efficiency of Guangdong’s 21 prefecture‐level administrative units from 2009 to 2019, exploring its spatiotemporal evolution and collaborative trends. The results show that during the research period, the average tourism efficiency in Guangdong Province was 0.807, at a medium–high efficiency level. Spatially, the tourism efficiency of the province is composed of a main peak and side peaks, with a general leftward shift of the main peak, a fluctuating decrease in peak height, and an expanding width. The evolution of spatial patterns reveals that regions with similar tourism efficiency in Guangdong tend to be spatially concentrated, with strong local stability and clear spatial dependency in the change process of tourism efficiency. The study’s insights suggest strategies for Guangdong’s tourism sector, advocating for technological innovation, sustainable development practices, and a robust evaluation framework. It emphasizes leveraging regional tourism assets, fostering collaboration, and promoting the “Great Lingnan Tourism Circle” for a balanced industry growth.

Clearances between bearing outer ring and sleeve can generally be maintained to provide a margin for the thermal expansion of the bearings. However, temperature variation, improper assembly and long-term vibration can enlarge the clearances and accelerate mechanical wear, leading to what is known as the fit looseness fault. Therefore, it is important to study a fit looseness fault model and investigate how to control the vibration coming from the fit looseness fault. In this paper, a Jeffcott rotor system with three disks was modeled as a single unit. A fit looseness model was applied in the whole rotor model to study the contact problems and response characteristics using a numerical integration method. Then, a squeeze film damper model was applied to assess the vibration reduction effects on the whole rotor system with the fit looseness fault. By comparing the results of the fit looseness fault without squeeze film damper and with squeeze film damper, it is found that the squeeze film damper can reduce nonlinear vibration responses effectively generated by the fit looseness fault for the nonlinear contact. This research work contributes to understanding the mechanism of fit looseness fault and controlling strong nonlinear vibration responses due to the fit clearances.

Investment demand depends on the level of uncertainty in the economy, it could have not only direct, but also indirect impact – it could significantly reduce the effectiveness of monetary policy by making investments less responsive to market signals. This issue has not been sufficiently studied in the economic literature; there are no empirical estimates of direct and indirect impacts of uncertainty on investment demand for a large sample of countries, so the scarcity of such studies has created a theoretical gap. Considering this research gap, our study used GMM estimator to analyze data for 161 countries from 2002 to 2022 to confirm that the interest elasticity of investment tends to be a function of the national level of uncertainty. This implies that reducing the interest rate may not be an effective way to stimulate investment under conditions of high uncertainty. In addition, the study empirically validated the impact of global uncertainty on investment in different countries. The findings contribute to investment theory by providing a better understanding of how uncertainty directly and indirectly influences investment demand. Several practical implications are proposed. However, the study has a limitation in that it only considers the dependence of investment elasticity on uncertainty as a single factor. There may be other significant factors that influence investment demand that were not included in the analysis. This fact creates a research gap that needs to be addressed in future studies.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have undergone a dramatic increase in laboratory-scale efficiency to more than 25%, which is comparable to Si-based single-junction solar cell efficiency. However, the efficiency of PSCs drops from laboratory-scale to large-scale perovskite solar modules (PSMs) because of the poor quality of perovskite films, and the increased resistance of large-area PSMs obstructs practical PSC applications. An in-depth understanding of the fabricating processes is vital for precisely controlling the quality of large-area perovskite films, and a suitable structural design for PSMs plays an important role in minimizing energy loss. In this review, we discuss several solution-based deposition techniques for large-area perovskite films and the effects of operating conditions on the films. Furthermore, different structural designs for PSMs are presented, including the processing technologies and device architectures.

Misalignment is a common fault occurring in the rotor system. However, the response characteristics have not been understood comprehensively, especially the relation between forces or torques and displacements, accelerations, or moments. First, misalignment modeling is investigated in this paper. Two coupled rotor system is modeled by six degrees of freedom. Misalignment effects are considered at coupling location using nodal force vectors and moment vectors. Second, Newmark-β method is used to solve the nonlinear equations. Acceleration, displacement, and force or moment response characteristics are discussed. Some results are obtained as follows: (1) 2× will appear in the parallel misalignment forces spectrum, and 0× will appear in the vertical force spectrum; 2×, 4×, 6× will appear in the angular misalignment moment spectrum. (2) In parallel misalignment simulation, it is found that multifrequency components are more obvious, static components are showed in vertical forces and displacements, 1× is dominated and 2× is weak in the displacement spectrum, and 2× is obvious in the force spectrum; acceleration is periodic impulse signal and 1× and 2× are dominated in its spectrum; vertical displacement is truncated and its values are positive, the orbit looks like an inverted triangle. (3) In angular misalignment simulation, it is found that multifrequency components of response are more obvious, 2× is obvious in the vertical displacement spectrum, and 2× is dominated in the moment spectrum; acceleration is periodic impulse signal, horizontal and vertical displacements are periodic, the orbit looks like a moon or an eight shape, and 2× is obvious in the moment spectrum.

Driven by climate change and stringent ecological conservation policies, arid and semi-arid pastoral areas face acute grassland degradation and forage–livestock imbalances. In Sunan County (Gansu Province, China), herders have increasingly turned to off-site grazing—leasing crop fields in adjacent oases during autumn and winter—to alleviate local grassland pressure and adapt their livelihoods. However, the interplay between the evolving land use system (L) and this emergent borrowed pasture system (B) remains under-explored. This study introduces a coupled analytical framework linking L and B. We employ multi-temporal remote sensing imagery (2018–2023) and official statistical data to derive land use dynamic degree (LUDD) metrics and 14 indicators for the borrowed pasture system. Through entropy weighting and a coupling coordination degree model (CCDM), we quantify subsystem performance, interaction intensity, and coordination over time. The results show that 2017 was a turning point in grassland–bare land dynamics: grassland trends shifted from positive to negative, whereas bare land trends turned from negative to positive; strong coupling but low early coordination (C > 0.95; D < 0.54) were present due to institutional lags, infrastructural gaps, and rising rental costs; resilient grassroots networks bolstered coordination during COVID-19 (D ≈ 0.78 in 2023); and institutional voids limited scalability, highlighting the need for integrated subsidy, insurance, and management frameworks. In addition, among those interviewed, 75% (15/20) observed significant grassland degradation before adopting off-site grazing, and 40% (8/20) perceived improvements afterward, indicating its potential role in ecological regulation under climate stress. By fusing remote sensing quantification with local stakeholder insights, this study advances social–ecological coupling theory and offers actionable guidance for optimizing cross-regional forage allocation and adaptive governance in arid pastoral zones.

Background Acute diarrhea, dehydration and death in piglets are all symptoms of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), which results in significant financial losses in the pig industry. It is important to understand the pathogenesis and identify new antiviral targets by revealing the metabolic interactions between TGEV and host cells. Results We performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of swine testicular cells infected with TGEV. A total of 1339 differential metabolites and 206 differentially expressed genes were detected post TEGV infection. The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in the HIF-1 signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling. Integrated analysis of differentially expressed genes and differential metabolites indicated that they were significantly enriched in the metabolic processes such as nucleotide metabolism, biosynthesis of cofactors and purine metabolism. In addition, the results showed that most of the detected metabolites involved in the bile secretion was downregulated during TGEV infection. Furthermore, exogenous addition of key metabolite deoxycholic acid (DCA) significantly enhanced TGEV replication by NF-κB and STAT3 signal pathways. Conclusions We identified a significant metabolite, DCA, related to TGEV replication. It added TGEV replication in host cells by inhibiting phosphorylation of NF-κB and STAT3. This study provided novel insights into the metabolomic and transcriptomic alterations related to TGEV infection and revealed potential molecular and metabolic targets for the regulation of TGEV infection.

The quickly processable solution deposition and accurately controllable vacuum deposition are the two competing mainstream fabrication techniques for perovskite films. However, the former may inevitably leave pinholes on film surface and calls for further treatment, the latter exhibits a generally low processing rate. In this work, we develop a solution-vacuum hybrid batch fabrication to precisely deposit nanoscale two-dimensional (2D) capping layer via all-vacuum evaporation on a solution-deposited three-dimensional bulk film. The all-vacuum-deposited 2D perovskite capping layer can be finely controlled with desired composition and stoichiometry to passivate defects and heal the pristine pinholes. We demonstrate the high processing scalability of this solution-vacuum hybrid deposition with the fabrication of 30 cm × 30 cm pinhole-free perovskite submodules, which achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 22.10% (certified PCE of 21.79%). Our discovery lays out a novel way for efficient and reproducible large-scale production of perovskite modules. Traditional solution- and vacuum-deposition may leave pinholes on film surface or suffer from low throughput, respectively. Here, authors vacuum-deposit a 2D capping perovskite layer on solution deposited 3D bulk film, realizing pinhole-free solar submodules with certified efficiency close to 22%.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is an enteric pathogen that causes acute diarrhoea, dehydration and high mortality rates in suckling pigs. Tripartite motif 8 (TRIM8) has been shown to play multiple roles in the host’s defence against viral infections. However, the functions of TRIM8 in regulating PEDV infection are still not well understood. In our study, we found a significant upregulation of TRIM8 following PEDV infection. We created TRIM8 knockout and overexpression cell lines and discovered that TRIM8 can inhibit PEDV replication within host cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that TRIM8 directly interacts with the nucleocapsid protein (N) of PEDV, specifically within the coiled-coil structural domain of TRIM8. Furthermore, TRIM8 was shown to reduce the expression of the PEDV N protein in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, TRIM8 inhibits the expression of PEDV N through K48-linked ubiquitin proteasome degradation. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that TRIM8 facilitates the expression of genes associated with several pathways, including the IL-17 signalling pathway, chemokine signalling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. This suggests that TRIM8 plays a crucial role in boosting antiviral immune responses against PEDV infection. Our findings provide new insights into the functions and mechanisms of TRIM8 in regulating PEDV infection and highlight its potential as a molecular target for the prevention and control of this virus.