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In Jia Zhangke’s Caught by the Tides, the “face” serves not only as a visual subject but also as a methodology. Continuing the previous realistic shooting style, this film utilizes the faces of ordinary individuals as a poignant commentary on the era. Simultaneously, by leveraging the proper noun “Zhao Tao’s face,” it achieves nonverbal emotional expression while sketching the evolution of Chinese independent film aesthetics. Compared to faces captured in moving images, the faces of lifelike “quasi-human” sculpture resist being fixed as mere images through their vivid presence, autonomously generating narrative momentum by being viewed across different times and spaces. Moreover, in this media age of breakneck technological advancement, the “crisis of the face” has also transformed into a broader “existential crisis.” How to preserve the warmth and vitality of the human face may be the most profound and provocative question the film leaves its audience.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in our environment, and their associations with sarcopenia are unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between VOCs exposure and sarcopenia. Data from 2429 U.S. adults (aged ≥ 20 years) were extracted from the NHANES (2011-2018). Logistic regression, LASSO, Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) and Bayesian Kernel Machine regression (BKMR) analyses were used to assess the associations between VOCs and sarcopenia. Mediation analysis tested roles of inflammation and oxidative stress in this association. The underlying mechanisms were further investigated through database enrichment analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Among the 2429 adults included, 1213 (49.9%) were male, 1216 (50.1%) were female, and the median age was 39 years (interquartile range, 29-49 years), with a prevalence of sarcopenia of 8.03%. According to the logistic analysis, nine mVOCs were significantly associated with sarcopenia, with N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (DHBMA) identified as a potential independent risk factor (odds ratio [OR], 4.51 [95% CI: 1.7-12.1]). WQS analysis revealed a positive association between LASSO-selected 12 mVOCs and sarcopenia (OR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.17-1.90]). BKMR analysis further confirmed this association, with DHBMA showing a significant contribution. Mediation analysis confirmed that inflammation and oxidative stress exert mediating effects. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that its effects are exerted through the TNF and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, and that DHBMA binds stably to AKT1. This nationally representative cross-sectional study revealed a positive correlation between exposure to mVOCs and sarcopenia via TNF and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. DHBMA plays a potentially pivotal role in this association.

We have developed a miniature two-photon microscope equipped with an axial scanning mechanism and a long-working-distance miniature objective to enable multi-plane imaging over a volume of 420 × 420 × 180 μm3 at a lateral resolution of ~1 μm. Together with the detachable design that permits long-term recurring imaging, our miniature two-photon microscope can help decipher neuronal mechanisms in freely behaving animals.A two-photon miniature microscope with enlarged field of view and axial scanning capabilities has been developed and applied in freely moving mice.

Existing methods for testing prosthetic implants suffer from critical limitations, creating an urgent need for new strategies that facilitate research and development of implants with enhanced osseointegration potential. Herein, we describe a novel, biomimetic, human bone platform for advanced testing of implants in vitro, and demonstrate the scientific validity and predictive value of this approach using an assortment of complementary evaluation methods. We anchored titanium (Ti) and stainless steel (SS) implants into biomimetic scaffolds, seeded with human induced mesenchymal stem cells, to recapitulate the osseointegration process in vitro. We show distinct patterns of gene expression, matrix deposition, and mineralization in response to the two materials, with Ti implants ultimately resulting in stronger integration strength, as seen in other preclinical and clinical studies. Interestingly, RNAseq analysis reveals that the TGF-beta and the FGF2 pathways are overexpressed in response to Ti implants, while the Wnt, BMP, and IGF pathways are overexpressed in response to SS implants. High-resolution imaging shows significantly increased tissue mineralization and calcium deposition at the tissue-implant interface in response to Ti implants, contributing to a twofold increase in pullout strength compared to SS implants. Our technology creates unprecedented research opportunities towards the design of implants and biomaterials that can be personalized, and exhibit enhanced osseointegration potential, with reduced need for animal testing.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), a severe hemorrhagic stroke, induces cerebral oxidative stress and severe secondary neurological injury. Curcumin was demonstrated to inhibit oxidative stress in the brain after ICH. However, the pharmacological mechanism needs further research. We used an intrastriatal injection of autologous blood to make the rat ICH model, and then the rat was treated with curcumin (100 mg/kg/day). Modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and corner test results showed that curcumin could significantly promote the neurological recovery of ICH rats. Meanwhile, curcumin could substantially reduce ROS and MDA in the tissues around intracranial hematoma and prevent GSH depletion. To explore the pharmacological molecular mechanism of curcumin, we used HAPI cells and primary rat cortical microglia for in vitro experiments. In vitro , heme-treated cells were used as the cell model of ICH to explore the molecular mechanism of inhibiting oxidative stress by curcumin treatment. The results showed that curcumin significantly inhibited heme-induced oxidative stress, decreased intracellular ROS and MDA, and promoted Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant gene (HO-1, NQO1, and Gpx4) expression. These results suggest that curcumin inhibits oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Here, our results indicate that curcumin can promote the inhibition of oxidative stress in microglia by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and promoting neurological recovery after ICH, providing a new therapeutic target for clinical treatment of ICH.

In this study, cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams are prepared by an environment‐friendly, time‐saving, and simple process using bio‐based citric acid (CA) as a green crosslinking agent. Scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examine the foam morphology and confirm the crosslinking. The prepared foam shows a very high porosity (>98%) with a low density (24.02 mg cm−3) with more than 200% improvement in mechanical strength and modulus compared to the neat CNF foam. In addition, the inclusion of CA into CNF improves thermal stability, antioxidant activity, and hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the prepared foam demonstrates a good sound absorption behavior, suitable for environment‐friendly and lightweight sound‐absorbing foam. Using citric acid, a biobased green crosslinking agent, highly porous, low‐density cellulose nanofiber (CNF) foams are prepared by a simple, environmentally friendly, time‐saving, and economical process. The prepared citric acid‐crosslinked CNF foams exhibit high mechanical and antioxidant properties, good thermal stability, and good sound‐absorbing properties for promising environment‐friendly sound‐absorbing and packaging applications.

Background Mobile phone dependence (MPD) is a serious public health concern in schools. To advance cross-cultural understanding of MPD, this study examined factor structure, measurement invariance, and latent mean differences of the mobile phone dependence questionnaire (MPDQ) across mainland Chinese and Hong Kong adolescents. Methods The present cross-sectional study included a total of 918 middle school students (588 boys and 310 girls; M age  = 13.58, SD  = 1.46), comprising 367 adolescents from two Shenzhen schools and 551 adolescents from three Hong Kong schools. Confirmatory factor analysis, measurement invariance test, latent mean comparisons, and multidimensional item response theory analysis were employed for data analyses. Results The three-factor structure of the MPDQ, proposed by previous research conducted in Hong Kong adolescents, was also supported in mainland Chinese adolescents. Configural, partial metric, and partial scalar cross-cultural measurement invariance were all achieved. Mainland Chinese adolescents reported higher scores on all MPD factors than their Hong Kong counterparts. Conclusions The findings highlight the cross-cultural similarities and differences of MPD among adolescents in mainland China and Hong Kong. The MPDQ is culturally sensitive to measure MPD in both regions, while certain items may need further cultural adaptation. Moreover, Hong Kong adolescents demonstrated more disordered thoughts and behaviors associated with MPD than mainland Chinese adolescents. Implications for using the MPDQ for assessing and understanding the MPD from diverse cultural backgrounds are discussed. Clinical trial number Not applicable.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke characterized by high mortality and disability rates. The long-term effects of ICH-induced intracranial hematoma on patients’ neurological function are unclear. Currently, an effective treatment that significantly reduces the rates of death and disability in patients with ICH is not available. Based on accumulating evidence, ferroptosis may be the leading factor contributing to the neurological impairment caused by ICH injury. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated receptor in the nuclear hormone receptor family that synergistically interacts with the nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to promote the expression of related genes and inhibit ferroptosis. Primary rat hippocampal neurons were treated with heme (50 μM) and erastin (50 μM) to induce ferroptosis, followed by the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (PDZ, 10 μM) to verify the inhibitory effect of PPARγ activation on ferroptosis. ML385 (2 μM), a novel and specific NRF2 inhibitor, was administered to the inhibitor group, followed by an analysis of cellular activity and immunofluorescence staining. In vivo Assays, ICH rats injected with autologous striatum were treated with 30 mg/kg/d pioglitazone, and the inhibitor group was injected with ML385 (30 mg/kg). The results showed that PDZ inhibited ferroptosis in neurons by increasing the expression of PPARγ, Nrf2 and Gpx4 in vitro , while PDZ reduced ferroptosis in neurons after ICH and promoted the recovery of neural function in vivo . Our results suggest that PDZ, a PPARγ agonist, promotes Gpx4 expression through the interaction between PPARγ and the Nrf2 pathway, inhibits ferroptosis of neurons after ICH, and promotes the recovery of neural function.

Text representation is one of the key tasks in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Traditional feature extraction and weighting methods often use the bag-of-words (BoW) model, which may lead to a lack of semantic information as well as the problems of high dimensionality and high sparsity. At present, to solve these problems, a popular idea is to utilize deep learning methods. In this paper, feature weighting, word embedding, and topic models are combined to propose an unsupervised text representation method named the feature, probability, and word embedding method. The main idea is to use the word embedding technology Word2Vec to obtain the word vector, and then combine this with the feature weighted TF-IDF and the topic model LDA. Compared with traditional feature engineering, the proposed method not only increases the expressive ability of the vector space model, but also reduces the dimensions of the document vector. Besides this, it can be used to solve the problems of the insufficient information, high dimensions, and high sparsity of BoW. We use the proposed method for the task of text categorization and verify the validity of the method.

Metamaterials with artificial optical properties have attracted significant research interest. In particular, artificial magnetic resonances with non-unity permeability tensor at optical frequencies in metamaterials have been reported. However, only non-unity diagonal elements of the permeability tensor have been demonstrated to date. A gyromagnetic permeability tensor with non-zero off-diagonal elements has not been observed at the optical frequencies. Here we report the observation of gyromagnetic properties in the near-infrared wavelength range in a magneto-plasmonic metamaterial. The non-zero off-diagonal permeability tensor element causes the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect under s-polarized incidence that otherwise vanishes if the permeability tensor is not gyromagnetic. By retrieving the permeability tensor elements from reflection, transmission, and transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect spectra, we show that the effective off-diagonal permeability tensor elements reach 10 −3 level at the resonance wavelength (~900 nm) of the split-ring resonators, which is at least two orders of magnitude higher than magneto-optical materials at the same wavelength. The artificial gyromagnetic permeability is attributed to the change in the local electric field direction modulated by the split-ring resonators. Our study demonstrates the possibility of engineering the permeability and permittivity tensors in metamaterials at arbitrary frequencies, thereby promising a variety of applications of next-generation nonreciprocal photonic devices, magneto-plasmonic sensors, and active metamaterials. Optical gyromagnetic properties are not observed in natural or metamaterials to date. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrated optical gyromagnetic properties in a magneto-plasmonic metamaterial, realizing the long-sought bi-gyrotropic medium.