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Background Exosomes are emerging as important mediators of the cross-talk between tumor cells and the microenvironment. The communication between tumor-derived exosomes and macrophages has a critical role in facilitating tumor progression. However, the mechanisms by which exosomes modulate tumor development in lung cancer are not fully understood. Methods Short hairpin RNA mediated knockdown or exogenous expression of TRIM59 combined with in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to prove the functional significance of TRIM59. Western blotting, real-time PCR, co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence (IF) staining assays, proximity ligation assay (PLA), ubiquitination assays, lactate secretion and lipid droplets content measurement, and rescue experiments were used to evaluate the mechanism. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were injected via subcutaneously or tail vein into C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and transgenic mice to assess the role of TRIM59 in vivo. Results We demonstrated that tripartite motif-containing 59 (TRIM59) was expressed in lung cancer cells-derived exosomes, and can be transferred to macrophages through the exosomes. Activated macrophages by TRIM59 promote lung cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that TRIM59 physically interacts with abhydrolase domain containing 5 (ABHD5) and directly induced the ubiquitination of ABHD5 and led to its proteasome-dependent degradation. ABHD5, an lipolytic co-activator, deficiency induced metabolic reprogramming and enabled NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Further studies showed that the exacerbation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by ABHD5 deficiency, provides a positive feedback loop to promote cancer progression by preferentially secrete the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Conclusions Collectively, these data indicate that tumor-derived exosomal TRIM59 converts macrophages to tumor-promoting functions of macrophages via regulating ABHD5 proteasomal degradation, to activate NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway to promote lung cancer progression by IL-1β secretion. Our findings also indicate that tumor-derived exosomal TRIM59 has an important role in intercellular communication for fostering an inflammatory microenvironment and promoting lung metastasis.

Affective video content analysis is an active topic in the field of affective computing. In general, affective video content can be depicted by feature vectors of multiple modalities, so it is important to effectively fuse information. In this work, a novel framework is designed to fuse information from multiple stages in a unified manner. In particular, a unified fusion layer is devised to combine output tensors from multiple stages of the proposed neural network. With the unified fusion layer, a bidirectional residual recurrent fusion block is devised to model the information of each modality. Moreover, the proposed method achieves state‐of‐the‐art performances on two challenging datasets, i.e. the accuracy value on the VideoEmotion dataset is 55.8%, and the MSE values on the two domains of EIMT16 are 0.464 and 0.176 respectively. The code of UMFN is available at: https://github.com/yunyi9/UMFN.

Visual Question Answering (VQA) aims to output a correct answer based on cross‐modality inputs including question and visual content. In general pipeline, information reasoning plays the key role for a reasonable answer. However, visual information is commonly not fully employed in many popular models nowadays. Facing this challenge, a new strategy is proposed in this work to make the best of visual information during reasoning. In detail, visual information is divided into two subsets: (1) question‐relevant visual set, and (2) question‐irrelevant visual set. Then, both of these two sets are employed by reasoning to generate reasonable outputs. Experiments are conducted on the benchmark VQAv2 dataset, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The project page can be found in https://mic.tongji.edu.cn/e6/8d/c9778a190093/page.htm.

Video description is challenging due to the high complexity of translating visual content into language. In most popular attention‐based pipelines for this task, visual features and previously generated words are usually concatenated as a vector to predict the current word. However, the errors caused by the inaccuracy of the predicted words may be accumulated, and the gap between visual features and language features may bring noises into the description model. Facing these problems, a variant of recurrent neural network is designed in this work, and a novel framework is developed to enhance the visual clues for video description. Moreover, a multi‐objective reinforcement learning strategy is implemented to build a more comprehensive reward with multiple metrics to improve the consistency and semantics of the generated description sentence. The experiments on the benchmark MSR‐VTT2016 and MSVD datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Background Alterations in several tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. TRIM28, a member of the TRIM E3 ligase family, has been associated with tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and inflammation. However, little is known about TRIM28 expression and its role in the immune microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We assessed the clinical significance of TRIM28 in tissue microarrays and TCGA cohorts. We investigated the function of TRIM28 in syngeneic mouse tumor models, the Kras LSL−G12D/+ ; Tp53 fl/fl (KP) mouse model, and humanized mice. Immune cell composition was analyzed using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results Our findings revealed a positive correlation between TRIM28 expression and the infiltration of suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in NSCLC. Moreover, silencing TRIM28 enhanced the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy by reshaping the inflamed tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TRIM28 could physically interact with receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and promote K63-linked ubiquitination of RIPK1, which is crucial for sustaining activation of the NF-κB pathway. Mutagenesis of the E3 ligase domain corroborated the essential role of E3 ligase activity in TRIM28-mediated NF-κB activation. Further experiments revealed that TRIM28 could upregulate the expression of CXCL1 by activating NF-κB signaling. CXCL1 could bind to CXCR2 on MDSCs and promote their migration to the tumor microenvironment. TRIM28 knockdown increased responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy in immunocompetent mice, characterized by increased CD8 + T tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and decreased MDSCs. Conclusion The present study identified TRIM28 as a promoter of chemokine-driven recruitment of MDSCs through RIPK1-mediated NF-κB activation, leading to the suppression of infiltrating activated CD8 + T cells and the development of anti-PD-1 resistance. Understanding the regulation of MDSC recruitment and function by TRIM28 provides crucial insights into the association between TRIM28 signaling and the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. These insights may inform the development of combination therapies to enhance the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in NSCLC.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and has become a major global cause of blindness. Curcumin, an extract of Curcuma longa (turmeric), is effective in preventing and treating diabetes. Recent studies have shown that curcumin can delay DR development. However, there has been no systematic review of its treatment of DR. This study will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently published randomized controlled trials (RCT) of curcumin for treating DR patients to evaluate its efficacy and safety. We will search the relevant studies of curcumin in the treatment of DR in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang databases from their respective inception dates to May 2022. A meta-analysis of the data extracted from qualified RCTs will be conducted, including the progression of DR, visual acuity, visual field, macular edema, quality of life, and adverse events. The meta-analysis will be performed using Review Manager 5.4.1 software, and the results will be based on either random-effects or fixed-effects models, depending on the heterogeneity. The Grading of Recommendations, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system will be used to evaluate the reliability and quality of evidence. The results of this study will provide sound and high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of curcumin in the treatment of DR. This study will be the first meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in the treatment of DR and will provide helpful evidence for the clinical management of this disease. INPLASY202250002.

In this study, the corrosion electrochemistry and corrosion behavior of two steels were studied under the simulated alumina production conditions. The corrosion rate of 16Mn steel is greater than that of Q235 steel. The effect of S 2− concentration on corrosion rate was significantly higher than that of S 2 O 3 2− . The synergistic corrosion rates of Q235 and 16Mn steels increase at first and then decrease with the sulfur content, and the peak value appears when the concentration of S 2− and S 2 O 3 2− is 4 g/L and 3 g/L respectively. There are two main types of corrosion products: one is surface octahedral grain, which is composed of Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and Al 2 O 3 .The other is the interlayer corrosion between the surface layer and the matrix, which is composed of FeS, FeS 2 and NaFeO 2 .The formation mechanism of the corrosion and corrosion mechanism were obtained by analyzing the phenomenon of ion competitive adsorption. Further validation and analysis of ion competition adsorption phenomenon were conducted using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The formation of corrosion products on the steel surface was investigated at an ion level, and the adsorption energies of OH − and S 2− at the top site of Fe(110) surface were calculated. It was found that S 2− is more likely to be adsorbed on the Fe(110) surface compared to OH − . The corrosion mechanism of steel is discussed preliminarily.

Background Recent studies have indicated that some members of the tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins function as important regulators for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), However, the regulatory mechanism underpinning aberrant expression of TRIM in NSCLC remains unclear. Here we report that TRIM15 plays important roles in NSCLC progression through modulating Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Methods TRIM15 expression was evaluated by western blot analysis, tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry analysis. The interactions between TRIM15 and Keap1 were analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence co-localization assay. The correlation between TRIM15 and Keap1 was measured by Co-IP and ubiquitination analysis in vitro. Gain- and lost-of-function experiments were used to detect TRIM15 promotes proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells both in vitro and vivo. Results Here, we revealed that TRIM15 was frequently upregulated in NSCLC samples and associated with poor prognosis. Functionally, TRIM15 knockdown resulted in decreased cancer cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas ectopic TRIM15 expression facilitated tumor cancer cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TRIM15 promoted cell proliferation and metastasis depends on its E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mechanistically, TRIM15 directly targeted Keap1 by ubiquitination and degradation, the principal regulator of Nrf2 degradation, leading to Nrf2 escaping from Keap1-mediated degradation, subsequently promoting antioxidant response and tumor progression. Conclusions Therefore, our study characterizes the pivotal roles of TRIM15 promotes NSCLC progression via Nrf2 stability mediated by promoting Keap1 ubiquitination and degradation and could be a valuable prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC. 44ozmiCbiGVX1qU1k16dGv Video Abstract

The initial stages of acute pancreatitis (AP) are characterized by a significant event - acinar ductal metaplasia (ADM). This process is a crucial feature of both acute and chronic pancreatitis, serving as the first step in the development of pancreatic cancer. Ion channels are integral transmembrane proteins that play a pivotal role in numerous biological processes by modulating ion flux. In many diseases, the expression and activity of ion channels are often dysregulated. Metal ions, including calcium ions (Ca 2+ ), ferrous ions (Fe 2+ ), and Copper ions (Cu 2+ ), assume a distinctive role in cellular metabolism. These ions possess specific biological properties relevant to cellular function. However, the interactions among these ions exacerbate the imbalance within the intracellular environment, resulting in cellular damage and influencing the progression of AP. A more in-depth investigation into the mechanisms by which these ions interact with acinar cells is essential for elucidating AP’s pathogenesis and identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Currently, treatment for AP primarily focuses on pain relief, complications prevention, and prognosis improvement. There are limited specific treatments targeting acinous cell dedifferentiation or ion imbalance. This study aims to investigate potential therapeutic strategies by examining ion crosstalk within acinar cells in the context of acute pancreatitis.

Polyimide (PI) fiber is a promising and high-performance polymer fiber with high temperature resistance and low density; however, much energy is needed during the thermal imidization process. Here, PI fiber with excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance was fabricated via the dry-jet wet spinning method for polyamic acid (PAA) precursor fiber, followed by stretching and thermal imidization reaction at a lower temperature. With the increase of the stretching ratio, the mechanical properties of the PI fiber increase significantly. When the stretching was twice as long, the tensile strength and initial modulus of the fiber were as high as 6.23 and 114.13 cN·dtex–1, respectively. Fourier transform infrared results revealed that all samples were completely imidized at 260 °C. The resulting PI fibers exhibit only 5% weight loss at 539.53 °C, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) can reach up to 32.6%, showing excellent high temperature resistance and flame-retardant properties as well as commendable mechanical performance, which compare favorably with those of other imidization methods.