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Designing and constructing bifunctional electrocatalysts is vital for water splitting. Particularly, the rational interface engineering can effectively modify the active sites and promote the electronic transfer, leading to the improved splitting efficiency. Herein, free‐standing and defect‐rich heterogeneous MoS2/NiS2 nanosheets for overall water splitting are designed. The abundant heterogeneous interfaces in MoS2/NiS2 can not only provide rich electroactive sites but also facilitate the electron transfer, which further cooperate synergistically toward electrocatalytic reactions. Consequently, the optimal MoS2/NiS2 nanosheets show the enhanced electrocatalytic performances as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. This study may open up a new route for rationally constructing heterogeneous interfaces to maximize their electrochemical performances, which may help to accelerate the development of nonprecious electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. A synthetic strategy is provided to rationally construct defect‐rich heterogeneous MoS2/NiS2 nanosheets directly on carbon cloth and the influence of interface configuration on the electrocatalytic performances is investigated. The abundant heterogeneous interfaces in MoS2/NiS2 can not only provide rich electroactive sites but also facilitate the electron transfer, which further cooperate synergistically toward electrocatalytic reactions.

Highlights Freestanding Mo-doped NiCoP nanosheets are designed as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Remarkable electrocatalytic performances are achieved by Mo doping, where a low-water-splitting voltage of 1.61 V at 10 mA cm −2 is obtained. Rational design of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts is highly imperative but still a challenge for overall water splitting. Herein, we construct novel freestanding Mo-doped NiCoP nanosheet arrays by the hydrothermal and phosphation processes, serving as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Notably, Mo doping could effectively modulate the electronic structure of NiCoP, leading to the increased electroactive site and improved intrinsic activity of each site. Furthermore, an electrochemical activation strategy is proposed to form Mo-doped (Ni,Co)OOH to fully boost the electrocatalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction. Benefiting from the unique freestanding structure and Mo doping, Mo-doped NiCoP and (Ni,Co)OOH show the remarkable electrochemical performances, which are competitive among current researches. In addition, an overall water splitting device assembled by both electrodes only requires a cell voltage of 1.61 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm −2 . Therefore, this work opens up new avenues for designing nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts by Mo doping and in situ electrochemical activation.

Gas turbine engines operate in extremely harsh environments, subjecting turbines to high aerodynamic and thermal loads. In this context, non-axisymmetric endwalls have emerged as an effective strategy for reducing aerodynamic losses and mitigating heat transfer on the endwall surfaces, leading to their widespread adoption in turbine designs. This study presents an optimization of the endwall shape for a turbine guide vane from a real engine, employing the multi-island genetic algorithm. The optimization objectives are the endwall surface heat transfer coefficient and the total pressure loss coefficient at the blade outlet. The findings indicate that the modified endwall disrupts the horseshoe vortex structure at the blade leading edge, adversely influencing the formation and development of passage vortices within the cascade. Notably, this modification results in a significant reduction in aerodynamic losses and a decrease in the heat transfer coefficient on the endwall surface. Specifically, the total pressure loss coefficient at the outlet is reduced by 1.96%, while the endwall surface heat transfer coefficient decreases by 3.05%. These results underscore the considerable effectiveness of the optimized endwall design in enhancing turbine performance.

Today, there is a high demand for remote rehabilitation using mobile robotic complexes all over the world. They offer a wide range of options for convenient and effective therapy at home to patients and the elderly, especially those bedridden after musculoskeletal injuries. In this case, modern approaches to the development of exoskeletons for the rehabilitation of the lower extremities are especially relevant for the effective restoration of lost motor functions. Taking into account the advantages and features of robotic rehabilitation, this work is devoted to the development of a prototype exoskeleton for the ankle joint and experimental studies of the remote control module. The proposed new exoskeleton prototype design was integrated with a mobile wireless communication platform, allowing remote control of the position of the exoskeleton foot using a remote control device. As a result of functional testing, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 23.9° for dorsiflexion/plantarflexion movements and 12.8° for inversion and eversion movements, as well as an average signal transmission delay of about 100 ms and packet loss of 0.6%. These results reflect the technical feasibility of remote control at a distance of up to 10 m. The developed system is mobile, autonomous, and easy to use, which confirms its suitability as a laboratory platform for functional verification and testing of module consistency.

The formulation of effective digital economy policies is crucial for advancing high-quality industrial development in the digital era. This study employs panel data from 29 Chinese provinces over the period of 2011–2023 and adopts a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach to empirically assess the impact of digital economy policies on fisher household vulnerability. The results show that these policies significantly alleviate household vulnerability and enhance risk resilience. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital economy policies reduce fisher vulnerability mainly through enhancing fishery digital enabling capacity and fisher digital literacy. Fishery digital enabling capacity significantly promotes information access, industrial digitalization, and operational efficiency within the fishery sector, while fisher digital literacy further strengthens individual adaptive capacity. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that while digital economy policies significantly reduce fisher household vulnerability in both coastal and inland provinces, the effects are stronger in coastal regions. In addition, the policies exhibit a stronger vulnerability mitigation effect in areas with higher policy intensity relative to those with lower intensity. These results underscore the importance of reinforcing digital economy policy frameworks, enhancing policy coordination and intensity, and strengthening digital capacity-building to mitigate fisher household vulnerability, improve adaptive resilience, and foster the sustainable and high-quality development of the fisheries sector.

Under carbon emission reduction constraints, accurately assessing the spatial–temporal patterns and drivers of mariculture carbon emissions and sinks is critical for promoting marine economic development and achieving carbon neutrality. This study reviews key components of China’s mariculture carbon and analyzes provincial data from 2008 to 2023 using econometric models to estimate emissions, sinks, and net carbon values. Spatial heterogeneity and spillover effects are examined through geographically weighted regression, Moran’s I, and spatial Durbin models. The findings indicate the following: (1) Both direct and indirect mariculture carbon emissions are rising, with indirect emissions growing faster, notably in Shandong, Fujian, and Guangdong. (2) Shellfish carbon sinks generally dominate; algal carbon sinks are growing rapidly, especially in Fujian, Zhejiang and Shandong. (3) Net carbon values vary by region—positive in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, and Hainan, and negative in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi. (4) Energy intensity increases emissions; industrial upgrading reduces them. Technological innovation, energy intensity, and ecological constraints enhance sinks. (5) Emission spillovers are positive for energy and negative for structure; sink spillovers are positive for energy and negative for technology; ecological effects are insignificant. Overall, shellfish and algae mariculture play a key role in China’s marine carbon sequestration. Regionalized carbon governance is essential to balance emissions–sinks, and to advance low-carbon mariculture.

The Tibetan medicinal fruit E’seguo originates from two species, Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes and Malus transitoria (Batal.) Schneid, both unique to the Hengduan Mountains. These species are predominantly found in high-altitude regions of Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, particularly in the Xianshui River and Yalong River basins. Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes is far more abundant in both resource quantity and distribution compared to Malus transitoria (Batal.) Schneid. However, the nutritional and medicinal differences between the two remain unclear, which significantly impacts the development and utilization of E’seguo resources. This study aimed to measure the mineral content, nutritional components, and medicinal properties of E’seguo from 12 different regions of Ganzi Prefecture to explore the quality differences between these two species and across different regions. ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) was used to determine the mineral content, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and potentiometric titration to analyze nutritional indicators, and HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) to measure the medicinal components L-malic acid and 2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2βG). Results indicate that Malus transitoria (Batal.) Schneid contains higher levels of K, Ca, Zn, Mg, and Cu compared to Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, which has higher Fe and Mn content. Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes from the Kangding and Litang regions showed the highest mineral content, with mineral elements primarily influencing polysaccharide levels, according to Mantel analysis. Nutritional and medicinal analyses revealed that Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes outperformed Malus transitoria (Batal.) Schneid in all metrics except for the sugar-acid ratio. Given the mineral content and taste, Malus transitoria (Batal.) Schneid is better suited for consumption, while Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes has superior medicinal properties, making it more appropriate for medicinal use. In the Malus transitoria (Batal.) Schneid regions, both Luhuo and Daofu are in the Xianshui River basin, with Daofu County producing the higher quality fruit. Among the nine Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes regions, the M10 (Tuoba Township, Ganzi County) near the Yalong River had the highest overall score, followed by M7 (Yade Township, Luhuo County) and M6 (Keke, Xiala Tuo Town, Luhuo County), both of which are near the Xianshui River. In summary, Malus transitoria (Batal.) Schneid generally has higher mineral content, but Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes has larger fruit and higher medicinal value, making the latter more suitable as a medicinal resource. At the same time, the medicinal quality of Xianshui River fruit was higher in the two watersheds of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes.

Bombyx Batryticatus is a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal material known for its effects on the nervous system. Current market products are typically sold in bulk with inconsistent quality grading. According to the Chinese Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine, first-grade specimens require four distinct black Silk Gland Rings (SGRs), while lower grades do not specify SGR quantity. This study investigates the relationship between SGR characteristics and the quality of Bombyx Batryticatus from different sources, including farm cultivation, household production, and commercial markets. Samples were classified into five groups based on cross-sectional SGR features: SG4, SG3, SG2, SG0, and W (white rings). Thirteen quality indicators were analyzed, including four flavonoids (rutin, astragalin, quercetin, kaempferol), five nucleosides (hypoxanthine, guanosine, uracil, adenine, uridine), beauvericin, total ash, extractives, and total protein. Results showed that SG4 samples, particularly from farms, had the highest overall quality. A decrease in SGR number correlated with increased ash and extract content but reduced beauvericin, hypoxanthine, and astragalin levels. Uracil content increased as SGRs decreased. Significant correlations were observed between SGR quantity and various chemical markers. This study demonstrates that the number of SGRs is a reliable visual indicator of Bombyx Batryticatus quality, supporting its use in quality control and grading standards.

Strengthening Agricultural Economic Resilience (AER) has become a crucial approach to ensuring food security and promoting sustainable social development, particularly in light of supply shocks such as limited resources, environmental pressures, stagnating agricultural profitability, and diminishing demographic advantages. This study examines AER across 31 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2020, analyzing its temporal evolution and spatial distribution characteristics. Additionally, it assesses the spatial spillover effects of key driving factors using the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM). The results indicate that China’s average AER rose from 0.167 to 0.266 during the study period, showing a marked upward trend and a gradual reduction in regional disparities. Furthermore, AER exhibits a strong positive spatial correlation, with higher concentrations in the eastern and central regions, while the northeastern and western areas show lower levels. Key factors such as market scale, agricultural GDP, agricultural inputs, research and development, environmental conditions, and urbanization all shape AER. The influence of these factors on regional AER highlights the presence of spatial spillover effects. Notably, the regression coefficient for urbanization on AER is −0.001, significant at the 5% level, indicating a negative spillover effect. In contrast, Market Scale, Agriculture GDP, Agricultural Factor Inputs, and Environmental factors exhibit significant positive spillover effects, all at 5%. The positive spillover effects of other driving factors are not significant. Furthermore, these findings provide practical knowledge for policy adjustments and enhancing interregional coordination to boost AER.

In the context of the era where the maritime power strategy converges with the wave of the digital economy, the digital economy provides a critical transformational opportunity for marine fisheries to break through the traditional extensive model and achieve high-quality development. Based on panel data from 41 coastal cities in China from 2003 to 2022, this study empirically examines the enabling effect of the digital economy on marine fisheries from the perspective of total factor productivity. The findings are as follows: First, the development of the digital economy promotes the improvement of total factor productivity in marine fisheries, but this is primarily achieved through “innovation-driven” expansion of the production frontier, while its potential in “efficiency catch-up” has not yet been fully realized. Second, the enabling effect exhibits distinct spatial heterogeneity, with its positive impact concentrated in cities in the South China Sea region, where industrial foundations and policy environments are more aligned. Third, the influence of the digital economy demonstrates nonlinear threshold characteristics; when technology promotion and industrial collaboration surpass specific thresholds, the enabling effect significantly strengthens, but as innovation capability improves, its marginal contribution shows a diminishing trend. Accordingly, it is recommended to deepen the application of digital technologies in core processes, transitioning from “isolated applications” to “systematic integration.” Simultaneously, tailored regional development strategies should be formulated to align with the resource endowments and development stages of each maritime region. On this basis, efforts should be made to improve technology promotion and industrial support systems, construct a collaborative and efficient digital fishery ecosystem, and facilitate the sustainable transition of marine fisheries from factor-driven to innovation-driven growth.