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To evaluate the effect of airborne particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in winter on airway inflammation, water-soluble supernatant (Sup) and water-insoluble precipitate (Pre) in PM2.5 were inoculated in NC/Nga mice with high sensitivity to mite allergens. Sup with aluminum oxide was injected intraperitoneally for sensitization. Five days later, Sup, Pre or both Sup and Pre were inoculated via the nasal route five times for more sensitization and a challenge inoculation on the 11th day in NC/Nga mice. On the 12th day, mice were examined for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), BALF cell count and IL-1β concentration, mRNA expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, chemokines such as eotaxin 1 and eotaxin 2, inflammasomal complex molecules such as IL-1β, caspase 1 and the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) in lung tissue as well as histopathology. The synergistic effect of Sup and Pre was observed in terms of increases in AHR, BALF cells, the mRNA expression of IL-13, eotaxin1 and IL-1β, and the IL-1β concentration in BALF. Intracellular deposits of insoluble particulates were observed in macrophages around inflammatory granulation of the mouse group treated with Sup and Pre. These results suggest that PM2.5 can induce airway hyperresponsiveness in mice with genetically high sensitivity to mite allergens by an inflammasome-associated mechanism and synergistic action of insoluble particulates and soluble components.

A few studies in Japan have demonstrated positive attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barrier were associated with fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake in adults; however, limited evidence addresses the association of psychosocial factors with F&V intake in adolescents. A cross-sectional study through a questionnaire survey was conducted at junior and senior high schools, and 933 students completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by X2 test and Student t-test. The findings demonstrated 2.7% of participants were aware of the current recommendations for vegetable and 2.0% for fruit. Only 4% and 8.1% of participants reported they consumed recommended amount of vegetables and fruits. In comparison with males, females showed higher scores of attitude (p < 0.01), responsibility (p < 0.01), and social support (p < 0.01). The barriers to vegetable intake were “I’m eating enough now”, “not always available when eating away from home”; the barriers to fruit intake were “don’t have a habit of having 100% juice or fruit in the morning”, and “cost too much”. The findings suggest the change of adolescents’ knowledge about what they should eat is needed in boosting F&V consumption. The development of an intervention program for adolescents needs to target socio-environmental factors such as family support, and nutritional education for early healthy habit formation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have important research value and broad application prospects in liver diseases. This study aims to comprehensively review the cooperation and influence of countries, institutions, authors, and journals in the field of MSCs in liver diseases from the perspective of bibliometrics, evaluate the clustering evolution of knowledge structure, and discover hot trends and emerging topics. The articles and reviews related to MSCs in liver diseases were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection using Topic Search. A bibliometric study was performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. A total of 3404 articles and reviews were included over the period 2001-2021. The number of articles regarding MSCs in liver diseases showed an increasing trend. These publications mainly come from 3251 institutions in 113 countries led by China and the USA. Li L published the most papers among the publications, while Pittenger MF had the most co-citations. Analysis of the most productive journals shows that most are specialized in medical research, experimental medicine and cell biology, and cell & tissue engineering. The macroscopical sketch and micro-representation of the whole knowledge field are realized through co-citation analysis. Liver scaffold, MSC therapy, extracellular vesicle, and others are current and developing areas of the study. The keywords \"machine perfusion\", \"liver transplantation\", and \"microRNAs\" also may be the focus of new trends and future research. In this study, bibliometrics and visual methods were used to review the research of MSCs in liver diseases comprehensively. This paper will help scholars better understand the dynamic evolution of the application of MSCs in liver diseases and point out the direction for future research.

BackgroundIL-37 is a recently identified cytokine with potent immunosuppressive functions. The research fronts of IL-37 are worth investigating, and there is no bibliometric analysis in this field. The purpose of this study is to construct the intellectual base and predict research hotspots of IL-37 research both quantitatively and qualitatively according to bibliometric analysis.MethodsThe articles were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from the inception of the database to 1 April 2022. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 (64-bit, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA) and Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology (https://bibliometric.com/) were used to perform bibliometric and knowledge-map analyses.ResultsA total of 534 papers were included in 200 academic journals by 2,783 authors in 279 institutions from 50 countries/regions. The journal Cytokine published the most papers on IL-37, while Nature Immunology was the most co-cited journal. The publications belonged mainly to two categories of Immunology and Cell Biology. USA and China were the most productive countries. Meanwhile, the University of Colorado Denver in USA produced the highest number of publications followed by Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands and Monash University in Australia. Charles A. Dinarello published the most papers, while Marcel F. Nold had the most co-citations. Top 10 co-citations on reviews, mechanisms, and diseases were regarded as the knowledge base. The keyword co-occurrence and co-citations of references revealed that the mechanisms and immune-related disorders were the main aspects of IL-37 research. Notably, the involvement of IL-37 in various disorders and the additional immunomodulatory mechanisms were two emerging hotspots in IL-37 research.ConclusionsThe research on IL-37 was thoroughly reviewed using bibliometrics and knowledge-map analyses. The present study is a benefit for academics to master the dynamic evolution of IL-37 and point out the direction for future research.

Hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and dityrosine (DT) have served as potential biomarkers for detecting oxidative modified lipids, DNA, and proteins in biological samples, respectively. Whether regular higher levels of consumption of vegetables/fruit (V/F) would decrease oxidative modification of these biomolecules in the body remain unelucidated. To examine the association of regular V/F consumption with the generation of these reactive oxygen species-induced biomarkers, this study evaluated V/F consumption in a school-based sample of teenaged girls (mean age 15.6 ± 1.7 years, n = 103), and quantified the formation of oxidative stress biomarkers in their urine. Only 19.4% and 23.3% of participants reported that they consumed the recommended daily amount of vegetables and fruits, respectively. Individuals who consumed lower levels of fruit (<100g/day) or vegetables (<250g/day) had significantly higher HEL excretion in their urine than those who consumed higher levels of fruit (≥100g/day) (p < 0.05) or vegetables (≥250g/day) (p = 0.057). The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that vegetable consumption was an important inhibiting factor of early lipid peroxidation measured as HEL in urine, independent of various confounders (β = − 0.332, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that relatively higher consumption of vegetables would help in the prevention of early lipid peroxidation in adolescents.

Recent years have witnessed rapid advancements in 3D bioprinting and the widespread application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) across various medical disciplines. The synergistic integration of 3D bioprinting and MSCs has opened innovative avenues for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, particularly in bone tissue repair and regeneration. However, the progress of 3D bioprinting in the field of MSCs research still requires further exploration, and there remains a scarcity of related bibliometric analyses in this domain. With the aim of addressing this existing gap, this research systematically searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications spanning from January 2003 to October 2025. It employed CiteSpace for cluster and evolution analysis, VOSviewer for collaboration network and keyword co-occurrence analysis, and the R package “bibliometrix” for statistical evaluation of bibliometric indicators. This bibliometric analysis focused on tissue engineering research integrating 3D bioprinting with MSCs, encompassing 1,846 original articles. These articles were authored by 10,276 researchers from 2,024 institutions across 69 countries and published in 342 academic journals. From 2014 to 2023, the number of annual publications exhibited a fluctuating yet rapid upward trend. China and the United States emerged as the most influential countries, with China experiencing a particularly substantial increase in research output—though international collaborations among institutions and authors remained limited. Wu C.T. and Bose S. stood out as key contributors to this field, while journals such as Biomaterials and Biofabrication have significantly advanced the discipline. High-frequency keywords including “3D printing” and “tissue engineering” reflected the core research directions, whereas emerging terms such as “MSC-EVs” and “nanocomposites” indicated current frontiers; in addition, “bioink,” “3D scaffold,” “osteogenesis,” and “angiogenesis” represented areas gaining growing research attention. Overall, this bibliometric study provides a thorough overview of the research tendencies and developments related to 3D bioprinting in the MSC field.

The disruption of intestinal barrier functions and the dysregulation of mucosal immune responses, mediated by aberrant purinergic metabolism, are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). A novel mesenchymal-like endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) has demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect on colitis. As a phenotypic marker of ERCs, CD73 has been largely neglected for its immunosuppressive function in regulating purinergic metabolism. Here, we have investigated whether CD73 expression on ERCs is a potential molecular exerting its therapeutic effect against colitis. ERCs either unmodified or with CD73 knockout (CD73 ERCs), were intraperitoneally administered to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. Histopathological analysis, colon barrier function, the proportion of T cells, and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) were investigated. The immunomodulatory effect of CD73-expressing ERCs was evaluated by co-culture with bone marrow-derived DCs under LPS stimulation. FACS determined DCs maturation. The function of DCs was detected by ELISA and CD4 cell proliferation assays. Furthermore, the role of the STAT3 pathway in CD73-expressing ERCs-induced DC inhibition was also elucidated. Compared with untreated and CD73 ERCs-treated groups, CD73-expressing ERCs effectively attenuated body weight loss, bloody stool, shortening of colon length, and pathological damage characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, goblet cell depletion, the focal loss of crypts and ulceration, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Knockout of CD73 impaired ERCs-mediated colon protection. Surprisingly, CD73-expressing ERCs significantly decreased the populations of Th1 and Th17 cells but increased the proportions of Tregs in mouse mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, CD73-expressing ERCs markedly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and increased anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10) levels in the colon. CD73-expressing ERCs inhibited the antigen presentation and stimulatory function of DCs associated with the STAT-3 pathway, which exerted a potent therapeutic effect against colitis. The knockout of CD73 dramatically abrogates the therapeutic ability of ERCs for intestinal barrier dysfunctions and the dysregulation of mucosal immune responses. This study highlights the significance of CD73 mediates purinergic metabolism contributing to the therapeutic effects of human ERCs against colitis in mice.

Some studies have shown that exposure to forests has positive effects on human health, although the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of a forest environment have not been elucidated yet. The current study was aimed at examining how the levels of urinary hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 8-hydroxy-2’deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) change after a forest or urban walk in healthy subjects. Twenty-eight volunteers (19 men and 9 women) participated in the study. The forest walks were carried out in a forest in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, and the urban walks (15 men and 7 women) were carried out in the downtown area of Okayama city, each for two hours. Spot urine samples were collected before the walk, the next day and one week after the forest or urban walk. Compared with pre-forest walk levels, urinary H2O2 (p < 0.1) and 8-OHdG (p < 0.1) concentrations significantly decreased in the participants the day after the forest walk; furthermore, urinary 8-OHdG remained at a low level even at one week after the forest walk (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in the concentrations of these oxidative biomarkers after the urban walk. These findings suggest the possibility that exposure to forests may alleviate oxidative stress in the body.

Hao Wang, Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-22-60362502, Email hwangca272@hotmail.com; hwang1@tmu.edu.cnBackground: Endometrial regenerative cell-derived exosomes (ERC-Exos) exhibit tissue repair and anti-inflammatory properties for ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment, but oral administration is limited by gastrointestinal degradation. This study first developed chitosan-sodium alginate microcapsules (CSE) for ERC-Exos delivery and explored the role of milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFGE8).Methods: MFGE8-knockdown ERC-Exos (MFGE8−/−-ERC-Exos) were constructed via lentiviral transfection. Colitis-targeted exosomes (CSE) were prepared, and their in vivo stability and targeting ability were verified. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis model was used to evaluate the effects of CSE. Immunofluorescence staining was utilized to assess colon DC infiltration; Flow cytometry was employed to detect CD4⁺ T cell proliferation and dendritic cell (DC) maturation. EdU/TUNEL staining and Western blotting were performed to determine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as the activation level of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Results: CSE achieved 89.2%± 1.5% encapsulation efficiency and 78% colon-targeted release, resisting gastric degradation. Oral CSE significantly alleviated DSS-induced weight loss (P< 0.001), colon shortening (P< 0.0001), and histopathological damage, while restoring intestinal barrier function (reduced permeability, P< 0.0001; upregulated tight junction proteins ZO-1/Occludin/Claudin-1). It also inhibited DC maturation (MLN: P< 0.0001; LP: P< 0.0001) and CD4⁺T cell proliferation (MLN: P< 0.001; LP: P< 0.01), and normalized cytokine profiles (reduced IL-6/IL-1β/TNF-α, P< 0.001; increased IL-10, P< 0.0001). MFGE8 knockdown significantly attenuated these effects. Mechanistically, MFGE8 mediated ERC-Exos uptake by intestinal epithelial cells via αvβ 5 integrin, activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR to inhibit apoptosis (P< 0.0001) and promote proliferation (P< 0.0001).Conclusion: This study is the first to confirm that the CSE carrier achieves colonic targeted release, overcoming the limitations of oral exosome delivery. MFGE8 mediates the intestinal epithelial repair effect of ERC-Exos via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

The application of nanomedicine in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gained significant attention in the recent years. As the field rapidly evolves, analyzing research trends and identifying research hotpots are essential for guiding future advancements, and a comprehensive bibliometric can provide valuable insights. The current research focused on publications from 2001 to 2024, and was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace and VOSviewer were employed to visualize authors, institutions, countries, co-cited references, and keywords, thereby mapping the intellectual structure and identifying emerging trends in the field. The analysis covered 1,518 literature across 447 journals, authored by 9,334 researchers from 5,459 institutions and 287 countries/regions. The global publication numbers exhibited an upward trend, particularly in the last decade, with China leading as the top publishing country and the Chinese Academy of Sciences emerging as the foremost institution. Dr. Xiao Bo is the prominent figure in advanced drug delivery systems. This interdisciplinary field, which spans materials science, pharmacy, and medicine, has seen influential publications mainly concentrated on targeted nanoparticles treatment for IBD. Keyword analysis revealed that current research hotspots include drug delivery, immune cell regulation, antioxidant damage, intestinal microbiota homeostasis, and nanovesicles. This study offers a comprehensive overview of global research landscape, emphasizing the rapid growth and increasing complexity of this field. It identifies key research hotspots and trends, including efforts to enhance the precision, efficacy, and safety of nanomedicine applications. Emerging directions are highlighted as crucial for further progress in this evolving area.