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Besides amplitude variation, phase variation of seismic wave is also an important carrier of geological information at the fault slip interface. To analyze the seismic propagation through the fault slip interface, which is assumed to be a flat, horizontal and imperfectly welded contact (nonwelded) interface between two different tilted anisotropic (TTI) media, we derived the analytical formulae for amplitude and phase variations of reflected and transmitted seismic waves with longitudinal wave (qP), the slow and fast waves (qS and SH) generated simultaneously. The derived formulae could satisfy the fracture model, in which the symmetry axis planes of the upper and lower media coincide. Also, we provided the exact and approximate methods for velocities and polarizations as well as the reflected and transmitted angles based on the slowness ellipsoid. Moreover, weakly anisotropic parameters are taken into consideration by the approximate amplitude (AVO) and phase formulae of qP and qS. The approximations also clearly show the effect of anisotropic parameters on the amplitude and phase change. The derived results show that the compliance parameters affect the phase change rather than amplitude, while anisotropic parameters affect both. The numerical model shows that with respect to the incident P-wave, the phase change of the reflected qP wave is more significant than the other generating waves due to the linear slip boundary; the coefficients could be used to determine the fracture dip and strike; the frequency hardly affects the real part of the coefficient, while the imaginary part of the coefficient. Moreover, the derived formulae for phase change will contribute to the seismic inversion with the formulae for amplitude variation simultaneously.

Promoting shared leadership in teams and enhancing team creativity is aided by complementarity between leader and team member characteristics. We integrate insights from social learning theory and dominance complementarity perspective with the team leadership and creativity literature to explore the facilitating role of formal participative leadership for enhancing team creativity indirectly by promoting shared leadership. The relationships among formal participative leadership, shared leadership, and team creativity are bounded by team voice behavior and team creative efficacy. To test our theoretical model, we collected multisource and multiwave survey data from 382 members of 73 teams. Results revealed a significant positive relationship of participative leadership with shared leadership in teams, which in turn was positively associated with team creativity. Team voice behavior and team creative efficacy moderated these relationships, respectively, by strengthening the positive relationships. We discuss the theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future directions of our findings.

Feng Qin and colleagues perform a genome-wide association study for drought tolerance in maize seedlings and find 42 candidate genes. They characterize a promoter insertion in the ZmVPP1 gene containing MYB-binding sites, which enables the drought-inducible expression of ZmVPP1 , leading to drought tolerance, a phenotype confirmed through transgenic experiments. Maize production is threatened by drought stress worldwide. Identification of the genetic components underlying drought tolerance in maize is of great importance. Here we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of maize drought tolerance at the seedling stage that identified 83 genetic variants, which were resolved to 42 candidate genes. The peak GWAS signal showed that the natural variation in ZmVPP1 , encoding a vacuolar-type H + pyrophosphatase, contributes most significantly to the trait. Further analysis showed that a 366-bp insertion in the promoter, containing three MYB cis elements, confers drought-inducible expression of ZmVPP1 in drought-tolerant genotypes. Transgenic maize with enhanced ZmVPP1 expression exhibits improved drought tolerance that is most likely due to enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and root development. Taken together, this information provides important genetic insights into the natural variation of maize drought tolerance. The identified loci or genes can serve as direct targets for both genetic engineering and selection for maize trait improvement.

Accurate estimation of the effects of dynamic disturbances on stress concentration is crucial for the stability of rock engineering and the corresponding analytical approaches are needed. This study presents an analytical approach to calculate the relative stress distribution with a point source inside and outside a hole using the linear theory of elasticity. The Helmholtz potentials and Sommerfeld integral are employed to describe the displacement and stress components, and then formulate the equilibrium equations to solve the equivalent stress distribution around the hole. Numerical examples demonstrate the impact of model parameters on the equivalent stress, such as frequency, hole radius, source location, etc. It is found that sometimes high frequencies can make the equivalent stress greater far from the source than that close to the source. Additionally, when the ratio of the distance between the source and the hole axis to the hole radius exceeds ten, the equivalent stress distribution around the hole remains nearly constant. This approach can be used for the design and assessment of underground engineering structures' stability under dynamic disturbances.

Indoor acoustic environment has become a critical factor in architectural design, and some researchers argued that the reactions from people of varied age, gender, etc. to indoor noise should be considered. While the office staff along metro lines get used to frequent metro noise, their metro noise perceptions, which are supposed to be different from non-office staff, need to be clearly examined. Based on on-site physical measurements and questionnaire surveys, this study aims to analyze the multi-dimensional perceptions (annoyance, dissatisfaction and unpleasantness) of office staff and non-office staff about metro noise in the underground commercial spaces of a high-rise building. The results indicate that due to lower adaptability and tolerance to metro noise, the non-office staff were more sensitive to the change of metro noise than the office staff, and compared with the office staff, the non-office staff expressed obviously more intense multi-dimensional negative moods under the same metro noise environments. Furthermore, for the non-office staff, their annoyance and dissatisfaction ratings due to metro noise correlated well with A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level (LAeq) and maximum A sound pressure level (LAFmax). Among the psychoacoustic measures, loudness and sharpness mainly influenced their annoyance and dissatisfaction perceptions.

riboCIRC is a translatome data-oriented circRNA database specifically designed for hosting, exploring, analyzing, and visualizing translatable circRNAs from multi-species. The database provides a comprehensive repository of computationally predicted ribosome-associated circRNAs; a manually curated collection of experimentally verified translated circRNAs; an evaluation of cross-species conservation of translatable circRNAs; a systematic de novo annotation of putative circRNA-encoded peptides, including sequence, structure, and function; and a genome browser to visualize the context-specific occupant footprints of circRNAs. It represents a valuable resource for the circRNA research community and is publicly available at http://www.ribocirc.com .

Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) are a group of immune cells expressing canonical γδ TCR in the murine epidermis. Similar to γδ T cells in the human epidermis, DETC serve an important barrier cell in the skin and participate in skin immune surveillance, immune regulation, skin homeostasis, tissue protection, and other activities. Since its discovery in 1983, research on DETC has grown rapidly and unevenly. To evaluate DETC research trends and map the DETC knowledge structure, we have applied bibliometric methods and techniques. A total of 384 DETC-related articles obtained from the Scopus database published between 1983 and 2019 were analyzed using indicators of publication and citation metrics, country and international cooperation, author and co-authorship, and keyword co-occurrence cluster. The present research status, the emerging global trends and the future development direction are also visualized and discussed. In summary, this study provides novel and useful data for the DETC research scientific community, and will help researchers explore DETC more intuitively and effectively.

Anisotropic planar polaritons - hybrid electromagnetic modes mediated by phonons, plasmons, or excitons - in biaxial two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention due to their fundamental physics and potential nanophotonic applications. In this Perspective, we review the properties of planar hyperbolic polaritons and the variety of methods that can be used to experimentally tune them. We argue that such natural, planar hyperbolic media should be fairly common in biaxial and uniaxial 2D and 1D van der Waals crystals, and identify the untapped opportunities they could enable for functional (i.e. ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric) polaritons. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on the technological applications of such planar hyperbolic polaritons. In this Perspective, the authors illustrate the physics of hyperbolic polaritons in anisotropic 2D and 1D materials, proposing new potential material candidates, forward looking opportunities and technological applications.

We propose a novel fault-diagnosis approach for rolling bearings by integrating variational mode decomposition (VMD), refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy (RCMDE), and support vector machine (SVM) optimized by a sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Firstly, VMD was selected from various signal decomposition methods to decompose the original signal. Then, the signal features were extracted by RCMDE as the input of the diagnosis model. Compared with multiscale sample entropy (MSE) and multiscale dispersion entropy (MDE), RCMDE proved to be superior. Afterwards, SSA was used to search the optimal parameters of SVM to identify different faults. Finally, the proposed coordinated VMD–RCMDE–SSA–SVM approach was verified and evaluated by the experimental data collected by the wind turbine drivetrain diagnostics simulator (WTDS). The results of the experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach not only identifies bearing fault types quickly and effectively but also achieves better performance than other comparative methods.

This study investigates the large-scale dust accumulation caused by improper airflow in a coal mine roadway with mixed ventilation, aiming to understand dust distribution patterns and reduce dust concentration. A simple model was developed using SpaceClaim, and numerical simulations were performed using Ansys Fluent. The results revealed that dust filled the entire tunnel, with significant accumulation at the driver’s position and the corner of the return air side. To improve the hybrid ventilation system, radial outlets were added to the inlet duct to create a vertical air curtain that intercepts dust diffusion. This air curtain, in combination with the exhaust outlet, formed a cyclone airflow moving toward the excavation face, actively reducing dust levels. Four key factors affecting dust concentration in the pedestrian breathing zone and driver’s position were optimized using both single-factor and multi-factor integrated control, based on the Box-Behnken design. The optimization results indicated that the optimal dust control configuration included a guide channel width of 0.04 m, a height of 0.09 m, an axial-to-radial airflow ratio of 0.5 for the inlet duct, and an exhaust duct diameter of 1.2 m. After optimization, dust concentration in the pedestrian breathing zone decreased by 63.6%, from 1.19 × 10⁻⁴ kg/m³ to 4.33 × 10⁻⁵ kg/m³, and the dust concentration at the driver’s position decreased by 78.2%, from 1.78 × 10⁻⁴ kg/m³ to 3.85 × 10⁻⁵ kg/m³. The factors influencing dust concentration in the pedestrian breathing zone, ranked by significance, were the axial-to-radial airflow ratio, duct diameter, guide channel width, and guide channel height. For the driver’s position, the order of importance was axial-to-radial airflow ratio, guide channel height, guide channel width, and duct diameter. Finally, based on the similarity principle, an appropriately scaled experimental model was constructed for ventilation and dust control. The optimized airflow regulation plan was tested in air curtain dust control experiments, with results that closely matched the numerical simulations, showing an error of less than 5%.